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Doubling Indian farmer incomes through livestock: What are the opportunities and challenges?
1. Doubling Indian farmer incomes through livestock:
What are the opportunities and challenges?
Iain Wright, Ram Pratim Deka, H Rahman
International Livestock Research Institute
50th Anniversary Conference ‘Animal Agriculture for Doubling Farmers’ Income: Technology,
Policy and Strategy Options’’
Assam Agricultural University, 27 February 2019
3. Global commodity values:
On average, meat, milk & eggs make up 5 of the top 10
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
Rice, paddy Meat, pig Milk, whole
fresh cow
Meat, cattle Maize Meat, chicken Wheat Potatoes Eggs, hen, in
shell
Sugarcane
Current million USD
(average annual values 2007-2016; animal source foods: USD 830 billion)
4. 0
50
100
150
200
250
E.AsiaPacific
China
SouthAsia
SSA
Highincome
% growth in demand for livestock products to 2030
4
0
50
100
150
200
250
E.AsiaPacific
China
SouthAsia
SSA
Highincome
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
E.AsiaPacific
China
SouthAsia
SSA
Highincome
0
50
100
150
200
250
E.AsiaPacific
China
SouthAsia
SSA
Highincome
Estimates of the % growth in demand for animal source foods in different World regions, comparing 2005 and 2030.
Estimates were developed using the IMPACT model, courtesy Dolapo Enahoro, ILRI.
Beef Pork
Poultry Milk
5. Livestock build global and national economies
• The global livestock sector on average makes up 40% of
agricultural gross domestic product (GDP).
• In developing countries, livestock contributions to agricultural
GDP varies greatly, from 15–80%, and is growing.
• Varied activities all along the world’s numerous livestock value
chains provide uncommonly large numbers of jobs.
Herrero et al. 2014
6. Various sources: BMGF, FAO, ILRI
Smallholders still dominate
livestock production in many countries
Region
(definition of
‘smallholder’)
% production by smallholder livestock farms
Beef Chicken
meat
Sheep/goat
meat
Milk Pork Eggs
East Africa 60-90
(≤ 6 milking
animals)
Bangladesh
(< 3ha land)
65 77 78 65 96 77
India
(< 2ha land)
75 92 92 69 most 71
Vietnam
(small scale)
90 65 80 70
Philippines
(backyard)
85 41 99 44 64 25
7. Meeting demand in developing economies
Importing livestock products Importing livestock industrial
production know-how
Transforming smallholder livestock
systems
9. Income and employment
• Livestock
o 25% of India’s
agricultural GDP
o 28% of agricultural
income per
household
• 35% of India’s
population is
engaged in the
livestock sector
11. Farmers’ income
• The average monthly income of the
Indian farm household was estimated at
Rs.6,426/-
• Doubling framers’ income would mean
increasing the income up to Rs.12,852/-
• Because the livestock sector is growing
faster than the crop sector it will form
an increasing proportion of farmers’
income
13. Improving livestock market links
• Increased demand for livestock products offers
opportunities for smallholder livestock farmers
• First step is to ensure access to markets
(e.g., Operation Flood)
• Strengthen cooperatives to allow aggregation
and reduction in transaction costs
• Improve milk collection, chilling, processing
• Invest in slaughter facilities
• Encourage private-sector innovation
• Focus on value addition (processed products)
14. Improving livestock productivity
• Milk yield per cow in
India is only 14% that in
OECD countries
• Improve dairy feeding,
health and genetics
• Enhance access to input
supplies and services
15. Improving livestock genetics, health and feeding
• Only 6% of cows are cross-bred
o Establish AI services
o Selective breeding or cross breeding
• Better animal health services
o Enable community animal health
workers (paravets) to support
veterinary services
o Improve backup vet diagnostic facilities
• Improved nutrition
o New climate smart fodder varieties
o Better use of crop residues
o Provide higher quality feed supplements
16. Improving livestock input services and knowledge
• Farmers need access to financial services
(credit, insurance, etc.)
• Provide market information
• Farmers and cooperatives both need
business development services offering
training in business, marketing,
accounting etc.
• Improve production practices through
innovative targeted extension services
including mobile phone technology.
17. Institutional considerations
• Set targets and monitor progress
towards achieving them
• Ensure coordination across the
livestock sector—government
departments, agencies, private
sector. Needs to be done at
national, state and district levels
• Encourage private-sector
investment and innovation
18. Threats to increasing farmer livestock incomes
• Food safety and
zoonotic diseases
• Natural resource pressure
• Greenhouse gas emissions
• Increasing productivity
without due consideration
to market strategy could
increase costs without an
increase in income
19. Food safety: Meat, milk and eggs
• Globally over 2 billion people fall ill each
year from unsafe food
• Three quarters of new human diseases
emerge from animals; livestock-associated
zoonoses kill 2 million people a year
• Most animal-source foods are sold in
informal markets, so focus on informal as
well as formal markets
• Adopt a risk-based rather than a hazard-
based approach to improving food safety
20. Greenhouse gas emissions from milk production
Relations between average daily milk production
and methane emissions
0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Daily milk production per animal (liter)
Methaneproduced(Tg)
23. This presentation is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.
better lives through livestock
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ILRI thanks all donors and organizations who globally supported its work through their contributions to the CGIAR system
