A lecture presentation about Bureau of Fire Protection Philippines Legal Mandates, Chemistry of Fire, Firefighting Tactics and Techniques, Chemistry of Fire, and Fire Safety Tips.
2. • Life Safety
– The primary goal of fire safety efforts is to protect
building occupants from injury and to prevent loss
of life.
• Property Protection
– The secondary goal of fire safety is to prevent
property damage.
• Protection of Operations
– By preventing fires and limiting damage we can
assure that work operations will continue.
3.
4. Be responsible for the
prevention and suppression of
all destructive fires on:
• Building, houses and other structures;
• Forest
• Land transportation vehicle and equipment;
• Ship or vessel docked at piers or wharves
anchored in major ports;
• Petroleum industry installations;
• Plane crashes; and
• Other similar activities
5. Be responsible for the
enforcement of the FIRE
CODE OF THE
PHILIPPINES of 2008
(R.A. 9514) and other
related laws.
6. Shall have the power to
investigate all causes of
fires and if necessary file
the proper complaint
with the City or
Provincial Prosecutor
who has jurisdiction over
the case.
7. In time of national
emergency, all
elements of the BFP
shall upon direction of
the President, assist
the AFP in meeting the
national emergency.
8. Shall establish at least one (1)
fire station with adequate
personnel, fire fighting
facilities and equipment in
every provincial capital, city
and municipality subject to
standard rules and regulation
as maybe promulgated by the
DILG.
10. What is fire???
- the active principle of burning,
characterized by the heat and light of
combustion.
11. Fire is…
• FAST
- a FIRE will double every 30 seconds
under normal conditions.
- in as little as 3 minutes, a small fire
can erupt into a “FLASHOVER”.
• DARK
- a small fire can produce enough
smoke to fill a building in minutes.
12. • HOT
- Within minutes, air temperature in a
burning room can reach 300 degrees
Celsius. The temperature is hot enough
to melt clothes, skin and scorch your
lungs in one breathe.
- Temperatures can climb to between
650 – 760 degrees Celsius.
Fire is…
13. • DEADLY
- Most people who die in fires, die from
breathing smoke and toxic gases.
- Carbon Oxide, Hydrogen Cyanide,
Ammonia and hundreds of other irritants
attack your eyes, nose, throat and lungs.
- They numb your senses and leave you
dazed.
Fire is…
14. TRIANGLE OF FIRE
Oxygen Sources
Approximately
16 % required
21 % oxygen
78 % nitrogen
1 % other gases
Heat Sources
Open Flame – the sun
Hot Surfaces
Sparks & Arcs
Friction
Electrical energy
Fuel (Physical State)
Gases Liquids Solids
•Natural Gas
•Propane
•Butane
•Hydrogen
•Acetylene
•Carbon monoxide
•Gasoline
•Kerosene
•Turpentine
•Alcohol
•Paint
•Lacquer
•Olive oil
•Coal
•Wood
•Paper
•Cloth
•Wax
•Leather
•Plastic
•Hay
16. 1. If any of the side of the triangle is
missing, a fire cannot start
2. If any of the side of the triangle is
removed, there is no fire
TWO FACTS IN PREVENTING AND
EXTINGUISHING FIRES
17. PHASES OF FIRE AND
STATE OF OXYGEN
• First Phase (INCIPIENT)
- Typically, when a fire starts, the
oxygen content of the air is around 21%.
Some heat is generated. Flame
temperature may be as high as 18000 to
22000F. Smoke and heat are being
released, which starts to affect the
surrounding fuels.
18. • Second Phase (FREE-BURNING)
- During this phase of the fire the heat
production has begun to increase. Heated
air is rising due to convection. Heat is also
being spread to other fuels though
conduction, radiation, and direct flame
impingement. When a fire is burning in
the outdoors, or with a sufficient fresh air
supply, the fire will stay in the free-
burning phase until the available fuel is
consumed.
19. • Third Phase (SMOLDERING)
- If the room involved is well sealed
from outside air, the oxygen in the room is
consumed. As the oxygen content drops
below 15%, combustion is slowed and
flame may die out and glowing
combustion takes place.
20. Pyrolysis continuous to occur with
amounts of combustible gases produced.
The room is now superheated and charge
with smoke & combustible fire gases.
When oxygen is introduced, the fire gases
present and all of the fuels above their
ignition temperature can burn with
explosive force. This condition is referred
to as backdraft or smoke explosion.
31. Do’s and Dont’s
In case of emergency, there are
certain guidelines to be followed.
Never ignore a fire alarm. It is
always better to be safe than sorry.
Stay calm and make a
quick exit in an
orderly manner. Panic
result is stampede and
may cause more
fatalities.
32. Take the stairs
during a fire . You
could get trapped in
an elevator.
Do’s and Dont’s
Stay close to the ground while
escaping. Always remember
that smoke rises, so you will
find cleaner air near the ground.
33. If Trapped in a fire !
● Seal all doors and vents with
duct tape or towels to prevent
smoke from entering the
room.
● Close as many doors as
possible between you and the
fire.
● Open a window at the top and
bottom so fresh air can enter.
Be ready to close the window
immediately if it draws smoke
into the room.
● Be prepared to signal to
someone outside.
If trapped in a
ROOM:
34. ● Hold your breath.
● Cover your head and
hair.
● Keep your head down
and your eyes closed
as much as possible.
● Move quickly.
If Trapped in a fire !
If Forced to
Advance Through
Flames:
35. Do’s and Dont’s
Always test a door for
heat before opening it.
Touch the doorknob
with the back of your
hand. If it is hot do not
open the door. Look
for an alternative
route to escape.
41. ● Replace or repair loose or frayed cords on all
electrical devices or extension cords.
● Do not overload extension cords and run cords
along the floor, under rugs and carpets or
through doors where they can be damaged.
Do’s and Dont’s
43. If fire break out in your home – get out
fast.
● Design an escape plan with your
family. Be sure to include two ways
out of every room, in case one exit is
blocked by flames and smoke.
● Do not block exits with furniture or
enclose windows with iron bars that
prevent escape.
● Decide on a meeting place for all
family members away from the house,
where everyone will gather.
● Once outside, never re-enter the
house for any reason.
● Practice emergency exit drills at least
once every six months, so that each
person knows exactly what to do.
Do’s and Dont’s
44. Carelessly discarded
cigarettes are the major
cause of fatal home fires
●Make sure smokers
extinguish cigarettes in
large, deep ashtrays.
●Fill ashtrays with water
before putting in the trash
can.
●Check under sofas and
chair cushions for cigarette
butts after parties.
Do’s and Dont’s
45. ● When you’re cooking, be alert and never leave
cooking unattended.
● If grease catches fire, first place a lid over the
pan to smother the flames, then turn off the
burner.
● Do not throw water or anything else on a
grease fire.
Do’s and Dont’s
● Always keep kitchen
appliances clean and
in good condition, and
turn them off and
disconnect them when
not in use.
46. • Don’t use the water to extinguish
electricity cables fire, because
electrical shock may pass through
water.
• Don’t use the water to extinguish
oil fire because water will go
down and oil will comes up.
48. Fire Extinguisher Use
Although extinguishers
can vary in size, color and
type of extinguishing agent,
all devices operate
basically the same way.
If the fire is small and
heavy smoke is NOT
present and you have an
exit available to you for
evacuation purposes, grab
the nearest appropriate
extinguisher and the
P-A-S-S procedure.
51. Untrained people cannot use a fire
extinguisher safely because they are:
• UNABLE to evaluate a fire
• UNAWARE of DANGER of fire
• LACKING JUGDMENT regarding:
- safe and correct use of and
-limitations of portable extinguishers
52. PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Limited in:
• CAPACITY – 1.5 to 25
lbs of extinguishing
agent
• RANGE – typically 3 to
15 feet
• DURATION –
discharge their contents
in only 5 to 3o seconds!
53. Use a portable fire extinguisher
ONLY if the:
• Building is being evacuated
• Fire station has been called (dial 555-9177 or
Smart:0920-8780065
TM/Globe:09973280028
• Fire is not spreading (small & contained)
• EXIT is clear (fight fire with your back to and
exit)
• You have been trained and know how to use
it.
• You use “Buddy System” – have someone
back you up!
- Get assistance BEFORE fighting a fire!!!
54. Ok, it’s out…
now what???
• Watch the fire area
- if the fire flares up again, repeat!
- if you can’t control the fire, leave
immediately!!!
• Call the fire station to inspect the scene!
• Recharge or replace any used fire
extinguisher.
59. Remember it is better to be safe than
sorry!!!
FIRE SAFETY IS YOUR PERSONAL
RESPONSIBILITY... FIRE
PREVENTION STARTS WITH YOU!
Life safety is everybody’s business!!!
Conditions required for a fire to occur:
A combustible substance
A sufficient amount of oxygen
A sufficient/high enough temperature
An unbroken chain reaction
