2.2 system design for eco efficiency vezzoli-11-12 (29)

course System Design for Sustainability
subject 2. System design for eco-efficency

learning resource 2.2
System design for eco-efficiency

carlo vezzoli
politecnico di milano . INDACO dpt. . DIS . School of design . Italy

Learning Network on Sustainability

Carlo Vezzoli AH-DESIGN, EU PROJECT
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy

CONTENTS

. system design for eco-efficiency: a definition
. system design for eco-efficiency: approach
. criteria of system design for eco-efficiency
. system life optimisation
. transportation-distribution reduction
. resources reduction
. waste minimisation-valorisation
. conservation-biocompatibility
. toxic reduction


SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ECO-EFFICIENCY: STATE OF
ART … aim at
100%
(in industrially mature contexts)
d
ne
sig
(education and practice)

de
be
DISSEMINATION

o
”t
low impact
t
ec
mat./energies
bj
e “o Product
th Life Cycle Design
n ing ecodesign
de
wi system design for
eco-efficiency
design for social
equity and
cohesion

new
research 0 CONSOLIDATION 100%
frontier … (research achievements on knowledge-base and know-how)


SYSTEM INNOVATION MAIN CHARACTERISTICS

ROOTED IN A SATISFACTION-BASED ECONOMIC MODEL
each offer is developed/designed and delivered in relation to a
particular customer “satisfaction” (unit of satisfaction)

STAKEHOLDER INTERACTIONS-BASED INNOVATION
radical innovations, not so much as technological ones, as
new interactions/partnerships between the stakeholders of a
particular satisfaction production chain (life cycle/s)

INTRINSIC ECO-EFFICIENCY POTENTIAL
innovation in which is the company/companies’ economic and
competitive interest that may leads to an environmental
impact reduction (system eco-efficiency: decoupling the
creation of value from resources consumption)


SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ECO-EFFICIENCY:
A DEFINITION
“the design of an eco-efficient
system of products and services
that are together able to fulfil a
particular customer demand
(deliver a “unit of satisfaction”),
based on the design of the
interactions of the stakeholders
directly and indirectly linked to
that “satisfaction” system.
[Vezzoli, 2010]


NEW APPROACHES AND SKILLS
A. “SATISFACTION-SYSTEM” APPROACH
design the satisfaction of a particular demand
(satisfaction unit) and all its related products and
services



THERE IS NOT ONE SINGLE PRODUCT TO BE
DESIGNED (ASSESSED), BUT RATHER ALL THE
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES (AND ALL THE
RELATED PROCESSES) ASSOCIATED WITH THE
FULFILMENT OF A PARTICULAR (CUSTOMER)
DEMAND OF SATISFACTION

... A “SATISFACTION UNIT” COULD BE DEFINED


SATISFACTION UNIT:
(a car):
functional unit: trasportation of 1 persosn per 1 km

(possible with a car)
satisfaction unit 1: 1 person having access to his/her working
space (per 1 year)
satisfaction unit 2: 1 person having access to public services
delivering personal documents (per 1 year)
. ...
(possible even with other mixes of products and services)

a satisfaction unit require an approach at the same time:
. deeper (more products, services, stakeholders to be considered)
. more narrow (looking at one particular customer satisfaction)


SATISFACTION APPROACH IN DESIGN

IS TO THINK MORE ON BEING (SATISFIED),
RATHER ON HAVING (PRODUCTS TO BE
SATISFIED)

[Ehrnelfeld, Sustainability by design, 2008]


NEW APPROACHES AND SKILLS
services
B. “STAKEHOLDER CONFIGURATION” APPROACH
design the interactions of the stakeholders of a
particular satisfaction-system


design the interactions of the stakeholder of a
[a parallel with product design: it imagines and defines
the technical performance and aesthetic characteristics of
“components” – materials/shape - and their
“connections” – joining elements - to respond to a set of
“requirements” ]

systems design for eco-efficiency: it imagines and defines
“connections” – interactions/partnerships –
between appropriate
“components” – socio-economic stakeholders –
of a system, responding to a particular
“requirement” - social demand for satisfaction -


STAKEHOLDERS SYSTEM MAP


NEW APPROACH AND SKILLS
services
design the interactions of the stakeholder of a
C. “SYSTEM ECO-EFFICIENCY” APPROACH
design such a stakeholder interactions (offer
model) that for economic and competitive
reasons continuously seek after environmentally
beneficial new solutions

C. SYSTEM ECO-EFFICENCY APPROACH
design such a stakeholder interactions (offer
model) that for economic and competitive reasons
continuously seek after environmentally beneficial
new solutions

NOT ALL SYSTEM INNOVATION ARE ECO-EFFICENT!

> CRITERIA AND GUIDELINES ARE NEEDED
> METHODS AND TOOLS ARE NEEDED to orientate
design towards system eco-efficent stakeholder
interactions


SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ECO-EFFICIENCY CRITERIA
(TO REDUCE THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT)

. System life optimisation
. Transportation-distribution reduction
. Resources reduction
. Waste minimisation-valorisation
. Conservation-biocompatibility
. Toxic reduction

[ADOPTED BY POLIMI-DIS WITHIN LeNS]


SYSTEM LIFE OPTIMISATION

DESIGN FOR,
SYSTEM STAKEHOLDERS’ INTERACTIONS FOSTERING FOR
ECONOMIC/COMPETITIVE REASONS,
THE EXTENSION OF THE SUM OF THE PRODUCTS’ LIFE
SPAN AND
THE INTENSIFICATION THE SUM OF THE PRODUCTS’ USE


AVOIDED IMPACTS LIGHTER IMPACTS
SHORT product’s (system sum) life

PRE- PRE-PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION PRODUCTION NEW TECHNOLOGIES
AND TECHNIQUES WITH
DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION LOWER USE
CONSUMPTION
USE USE
DISPOSAL

given function in time
DISP.

USE USE

DISTRIBUTION DISTR.
UPDATING OF THE
PRODUCTION PROD. COMPONENTS CAUSING
CONSUMPTION
PRE- P-PR.
PRODUCTION
EXTENDED product’s (system sum) life

AVOIDED IMPACTS
product’s (system sum) INTENSE life
P-PROD. PROD. DISTR. DISP.

LIFE INDIPENDENT FROM LENGHT OF USE
A 1 B 1 C1 B 2 A 2C 2 B 3A 3 C 3

use (function) during time


A1 A2 A3


B1 B2 B3


C1 C2 C3
product’s (system sum) NOT INTENSE life

TRANSPORTATION/DISTRIBUTION
REDUCTION

DESIGN FOR,
THE REDUCTION OF THE SUM OF THE TRANSPORTATIONS
AND PACKAGINGS


RESOURCES REDUCTION

DESIGN FOR,
SYSTEM STAKEHOLDERS’ INTERACTIONS FOSTERING
FOR ECONOMIC/COMPETITIVE REASONS,
THE REDUCTION OF THE SUM OF THE MATERIALS
AND THE ENERGIES USED BY ALL PRODUCTS AND
SERVICES OF THE SYSTEM


WASTE MINIMISATION/VALORISATION

DESIGN FOR,
SYSTEM STAKEHOLDERS’ INTERACTIONS FOSTERING
FOR ECONOMIC/COMPETITIVE REASONS,
THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE SUM OF THE SYSTEM
RECYCLING, ENERGY RECOVERY AND COMPOSTING
AND REDUCTION OF THE SUM OF THE WASTE PRODUCED


AVOIDED IMPACTS ADDITIONAL IMPACTS

material (system sum) non-extended life
LANDFILL

PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE

PRE- PRE-PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION


RECYCLING
COMBUSTION
COMPOSTING


PRE-
PRODUCTION
material (system sum) extended life

CONSERVATION/BIOCOMPATIBILITY

DESIGN FOR,
THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE SUM OF THE SYSTEM’S RESOURCES
CONSERVATION/RENEWABILITY


TOXIC REDUCTION

DESIGN FOR,
THE REDUCTION/AVOIDANCE OF THE SUM OF THE
SYSTEM’S MATERIALS’S TOXICITY AND HARMFULNESS


SDO SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN-ORIENTING TOOLKIT
stakeholder interaction guidelines (criteria related)


INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL
CRITERIA (AND RELATED GUIDELINES)

FOR A GIVEN SATISFACTION SYSTEM:
- some have HIGHER RELEVANCE than others
- can be SYNERGETIC or CONFLICTING

FOR DECISION MAKING (DESIGNING)
identify the (environmental) design PRIORITIES:
> CRITERIA relevance (relative) per system type
> most promising stakeholders’ INTERACTIONS
types (criteria related GUIDELINES)


SDO SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN-ORIENTING TOOLKIT
breif related critaria prorities qualitative identification


[for such new skills] NEW METHODS/TOOLS
some methods/tools developed to orientate system
design towards eco-efficent solutions:

HiCS, Highly MEPSS, MEthodology SusProNet, Network Design4Sustainability Product-Service
Customerised for Product Service on sustainable PSS Step by step System Design for
Solutions System development development approach Sustainability
[see Manzini et [see van Halen et al. [see Tukker [see Tischner & [see Vezzoli et al.,
al. 2004] 2005] &Tischner, 2006] Vezzoli, 2009] tbp 2012]
METHODS
DESIGN
TOOLS

St o r y I nt e r a c
b o aSDO
rd B po r t f o l i t io n
So l ut io n t o o l k it
Offering diagram l o d ia g r a m tSDOl e
ab
u St o ro o l k it
Sy e l e me nt s
st e m I nt e r a c t y
t io n boar d
a sse ssme n Offering diagram
t t abl e


MSDS PHASES/PROCESSES
METHODS/TOOLS BY LeNS:
STRATEGIC ANALYSIS
METHOD FOR SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT PROMOTERS

DESIGN FOR ANALYSIS OF THE REFERENCE CONTEXT
ANALYSIS OF THE REFERENCE STRUCTURE
SUSTAINABILITY (MSDS) ANALYSIS OF BEST PRACTICES
DEFINITION OF SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN PRIORITIES

EXPLORING OPPORTUNITIES
IDEAS GENERATION ORIENTED TO SUSTAINABILITY
DEVELEPMENT OF THE SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN
ORIENTING SCENARIO - VISIONS/CLUSTERS/IDEAS

SYSTEM CONCEPT DESIGN
VISIONS, CLUSTERS AND IDEAS SELECTION
SYSTEM CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
ENV., SOC. & ECON. CHECK

SYSTEM DESIGN (AND ENGIN.)
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT (EXECUTIVE LEVEL)
ENV., SOC. & ECON. CHECK

SDO toolkit:
environmental system design orientation
COMMUNICATION
on-line use, free access:www.sdo-lens.polomi.it
free download open: www.lens.polimi.it > tools DOCUMENTS EDITING

2.2 system design for eco efficiency vezzoli-11-12 (29)

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