This document summarizes a study assessing the effects of integrated vegetation management (IVM) practices on pollinator and botanical communities in rights-of-way (ROW) habitats. The study involved butterfly, bee, and vegetation surveys along transects in ROWs to track biodiversity changes over three seasons. Results showed various pollinator groups including butterflies, bees, flies and beetles present in the ROWs. Milkweeds and nectar resources varied by season. Habitat composition was biased towards pollinator habitats. Future directions include increasing data resolution, using baseline data to track long-term changes, and emphasizing training to improve survey consistency. The study demonstrates that ROWs can provide valuable wildlife habitat when
1. Assessing Botanical and Pollinator
Communities in ROW Habitats
Adam Baker, Davey Institute
Scott Eikenbary, Davey Resource Group
2. Assessing the effects of IVM on pollinator and botanical communities
in ROW habitats
Adam M. Baker, PhD
Davey Institute
Technical Advisor, Pollinator Ecologist
Adam.Baker@davey.com
Scott Eikenbary
Davey Resource Group
Project Manager
Scott.Eikenbary@davey.com
10. Monarchs use special overwintering grounds
Revealed to the world in August 1976
issue of National Geographic
11. All Hands on Deck!
Contributions from all land use sectors
are needed to restore enough milkweed
12. All hands on deck to plant milkweeds!
Farm reserve lands Roadsides
Rights-of-way Urban/suburban gardens
13. Row as habitat
• Creates connectivity
• Natural flyways
• Migration/Highways
• Invasive species
• Pesticide exposure
• Disease transmission
ROWs have great potential for habitat
14. Benefits of IVM
● Ensure safety, compliance, and improved
reliability
● Compatible plant communities managing
vegetation, promoting biodiversity
● Environmental & ecological sustainability
and improved habitat quality
● Reduced maintenance costs overtime
● Creating partnerships and positively
impacting local communities
15. Long lasting management
strategies
● Rights-of-ways become assets, not
liabilities
● Long term sustainability
● Meet and exceed program objectives
● Collaborate, innovate, with boots on the
ground expertise using scientifically
accepted techniques
● Results = safety, compliance, desirable
vegetation and wildlife
16. Adaptive Management
● Not all sites are the same, changes
occur over time
● Observe, document, and adjust
● Monitor annually and seasonally
● Design methods to reflect objectives
and inform decision making
17. ● Voluntary agreement
● Provides assurances that no further conservation measures or
restrictions will apply if a species is listed
● Contribute net conservation benefits and address key threats under
property owners’ and land managers’ control
19. Pollinators as an umbrella
species
● Indirectly protect other species of ecological communities
○ Mammals
○ Birds
○ Reptiles
○ Amphibians
○ Arthropods
20. Methods: Surveys
Pollinator and botanical surveys
• Transects 10 x 150’
• Surveyed 3 times per year
- spring (24 – June 14)
- summer (July 11 – July 31)
- late summer (August 24 – September 14)
• Track changes in biodiversity
over time in relation to IVM
practices
21. Methods: Butterfly counts
*Pollard 1977
Pollard Cube method
• Envision cube dimensions
• Slowly walk just outside
transect (3 min approx.)
• Record butterflies as
they pass through
the cube
22. Methods: Bees and other foraging pollinator counts
At each of the 3 sampling dates
• 7-15 min
• Count all bees
- Honey bees
- Bumble bees
- Carpenter bees
- other bees
• Count all other pollinators interacting
with flowers within the transect
- beetles
- flies
- moths
- wasps
23. Surveys in spring, summer, and late summer
● Number of plants that are currently blooming: herbaceous plants
and shrubs, not vines
● Number of species of plants currently blooming
● Total number of plants of all species that are currently blooming
Methods: Vegetation survey
27. Results: Pollen and nectar resources throughout the season
Fig 3: Average flowering plants in bloom for each site by
sampling date. Data is represented as mean ± SE.
31. Discussion: Habitat composition/Pollinator Scorecard Tier 2
• Bias towards pollinator habitat
• Weighted heavily on milkweed presence
• Performing once per year can be misleading
• 3 times per year
• Revision for 2023!
32. Discussion: Future directions
• Meeting compliance standards
• Increase resolution of data collection
- Andrenidae
- Colletidae
- Halictidae
- Megachilidae
• Baseline data used to track changes over time
• Introductory and advanced trainings for observers
33. Emphasis on Training
● On paper, protocols seem easy
● Insect ID
● Botanical ID
● Invasive species
● Develops consistency
● 2 Trainings per year
● Field and lab experience
34. Final thoughts
● Unique and valuable opportunities for
pollinators and wildlife habitat
● ROW’s are now assets!!
● Safety, compliance, reliability, and
environmental stewardship
● Advance business practices, reduced
costs
● Sustainable habitat that can act as
conservation reservoirs
35. Thank you!
“When we see land as a community to which we belong, we may begin
to use it with love and respect.” - Aldo Leopold
Questions?
Notas do Editor
UVM, incompatible plant species are the pests we’re trying to manage
Compatible/desirable vegetation that leads to early successional pollinator habitat that isn’t a threat to interfere with conductors, grass, forbs, shrubs, bio control
Flexible and adaptive, not tied to one or two methods
Native spp keeping invasives and incompatibles away = healthy ecosystems
ROW’s as habitat
Low risk, high reward - conservation, regulatory requirements, reduced costs
make adjustments needed
Engage stakeholders
Low risk, high reward - conservation, regulatory requirements
Habitat conservation plans costly, disrupt projects
Required field monitoring to aid in ivm program improvements
3rd party recognition for meaningful wildlife habitat management efforts, continuous improvements
Impactful long term commitments - conservation, education
Increasing habitat/protecting pollinators indirectly protects other species in ecological communities
Not just butterflies and bees (beetles, moths, mosquitoes) - some species are not able to rep w/out certain pollinators
Pollinators are ultimately responsible for the seeds and fruits of many different types of plants that feed mice, birds, deer, bears
Maybe even the bucks
Rows offer
c
Low risk, high reward - conservation, regulatory requirements, reduced costs