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- 1. Helping Hope Happen Investigating the Effect of a Gratitude Intervention on Hope Lauren Hotchkiss Dr. Mark Holder and Holli-Anne Passmore
- 2. The Happy Lab Holli-AnneDr. Mark Holder
- 6. What is hope? Agency Pathway http://www.brigittevantuijl.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/steps2goals.jpg
- 7. Why is hope important? Academic Performance Athletic Performance Happiness https://c2.staticflickr.com/4/3694/9407578228_8154564c5d_b.jpg
- 8. Why is hope important? Depression and Anxiety Dedication to Treatment
- 9. How is hope developed? How good are these exercises at... • increasing hope? • increasing life satisfaction? • decreasing 1. My goal is: 2. To reach my goal, I will: 3. I will stick to my goal by: Mental Exercises https://www.assignmentexpert.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/lumosity.png
- 10. What can we do instead? Kindnes Teamwork Use related character strengths
- 11. What can we do instead? Hope Use related character strengths ?
- 12. What can we do instead? Use related character strengths Gratitud Hope
- 13. Previous Research hop e gratitude 1. When you have high hope, you are likely to have high gratitude.
- 14. Previous Research gratitudehop e 1. When you have high hope, you are likely to have high gratitude.
- 15. Previous Research hope gratitud e 2. When you know how much gratitude increased you can predict how much hope would increase.
- 16. hop e gratitude Previous Research 2. When you know how much gratitude increased you can predict how much hope would increase.
- 17. Previous Research gratitudehope 2. When you know how much gratitude increased you can predict how much hope would increase.
- 18. Research Question Does an increase in gratitude cause an increase in hope?
- 23. hope gratitude
- 24. Study Overview Gratitude Mental Exercise1. Manipulate gratitude 2. Look at changes in hope
- 25. Participants • UBCO • Summer Courses • $20 or 2% Bonus http://okanagan.housing.ubc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/osec_integrated_learning_770x435.jpg
- 26. 42 44 86 Participants • Female:71 • Male: 15 • Average Age: 21.9 • Average Year: 3rd • Major: Psychology
- 29. Gratitude Questionnaire (Emmons, McCullough, & Tsang, 2002) Meaning in Life (Steger, 2012) Herth Hope Index (Herth, 1992) Implicit Theories of Well-Being (Howell, Passmore, & Holder, 2015 “As I get older I find myself more able to appreciate the people, events, and situations that have been part of my life history”“I can see possibilities in the midst of difficulties." http://transformpotential.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/shutterstock_99045284.jpg
- 32. Gratitude List We want you to focus on the benefits or gifts that you have received today. Take a moment to really savor or relish these gifts, think about their value, and then write them down. Daily Activities We want you to focus on the events that occurred today. Think about what these things are and why they have impacted you. Take a moment to reflect on these events and then write them down.
- 35. Gratitude Questionnaire -6 (Emmons, McCullough, & Tsang, 2002) Meaning in Life (Steger, 2012) Herth Hope Index (Herth, 1992) Implicit Theories of Well-Being (Howell, Passmore, & Holder, 2015)
- 36. What do you feel you gained from participating in this study? Did you enjoy participating in this study?
- 37. Gratitude List (Experimental) Daily Activities (Control) Gratitud e Hope + + + 0 - + 0 - What did we think would happen?
- 39. Why did we get these results? “Did you enjoy participating in this study?” “Yes, this study was good for reflecting on the events that occurred in my daily life. The reflection helped me identify things I am grateful for in life.”
- 40. Why did we get these results? “Did you enjoy participating in this study?” “Yes, this study was good for reflecting on the events that occurred in my daily life. The reflection helped me identify things I am grateful for in life.”
- 41. Gratitud e
- 42. Does an increase in gratitude cause an increase in hope? We still do not know.
- 43. Future Research Analyze Participants Responses • Themes • Depth of Response
- 44. “I truly feel that this exercise kick started the increased personal 'openness' I have with regards to my thoughts, and with that newfound 'openness' I truly believe will help me more and more as each day passes.” “I gained a better sense of what well-being is, and learned that taking a few minutes at the end of the night to reflect on the day you had can really change your outlook, and make you strive to make each day a good day.” “I feel like I learned how to appreciate the little things in life” What do you feel you gained from participating in this study?
- 45. Thank You! • Dr. Mark Holder and Holli-Anne Passmore • Irving K. Barber Undergraduate Research Award • Trudy Kavanagh and Stephen McNeil
Notas do Editor
- Thank you Steve… And thanks to all of you for coming out to hear the presentations today. Mine’s the last one so I will try to make it as painless as possible. And if it is painful, at least you get wine after.
- I work with Dr. Mark Holder in the Happy Lab at UBCO where they study not what is wrong with you that needs to be fixed, but instead what is good about you and how it can be improved so that you can live a good life.
- These good things about you are called character strengths and psychologists have identified 24 strengths that are common across cultures and time For example, these are my top 5 strengths. For my project this summer I studied hope, not only because it is one of my top strengths but because it is almost like a super power, and I’ll tell you why.
- These good things about you are called character strengths and psychologists have identified 24 strengths that are common across cultures and time For example, these are my top 5 strengths. For my project this summer I studied hope, not only because it is one of my top strengths but because it is almost like a super power, and I’ll tell you why.
- These good things about you are called character strengths and psychologists have identified 24 strengths that are common across cultures and time For example, these are my top 5 strengths. For my project this summer I studied hope, not only because it is one of my top strengths but because it is almost like a super power, and I’ll tell you why.
- Unlike some of the other molecules, formulas and plants that my collegues have talked about, you probably know what hope is. I’ll give you the definition from the literature just so we are all on the same page. Hope has 3 parts… * First you need a goal An example of this could be “hoping that you will graduate from school” * Next, you need to know the steps to reach your goal This called a pathway The pathway for graduating from school involves registering for courses, attending courses and doing your homework, and writing your exams…maybe a few trips to Tims and naps in-between * Finally, you need to believe that you can reach your goal And this is called agency And this part is key. Because without the belief you can reach your goal, you might give up on it. Which leaves you hopeless.
- So why is having hope like a super power? * We just went through how hope can make you a better student * But it can also make a better athlete * and make you happier *
- and psychologists are interested in hope because * it reduces anxiety and depression * and can tell us who will be more dedicated to their psychological treatment *
- So how can we give hope to people who have none or increase it in people who do? One way to develop hope is by using mental exercises to train your brain to think in a way is more hopeful by building your agency and pathway thinking * An example of this is we may ask you to set a goal * decide what your pathway is to that goal * and think about how you will stick to and achieve this goal And you may be asked to do this a certain number of times in a week or a month * So psychologists thought this was a reliable way to provide everyone with the super power of hope. All they had to do was these exercises. After a few years, a pair of researchers asked, are these hope exercises doing what we thought they would do to increase hope, and life satisfaction ad decrease hopelessness * And they found out that these exercises, aimed at increasing hope were not able to. * So the challenge for researchers now is to think of new ways to develop hope in those who need it, because we can’t just give up hope…on hope
- Here is one example. When they increased kindness…they found that team work also increased.
- And we wanted to see if this would work with hope. * So in a study I did last year, I found that gratitude is related to hope.
- And we found out two things about this relationship
- We found that people who had high hope were also likely to have high gratitude, and vice versa, so if you had low hope, you were likely to have low gratitude
- We found that people who had high hope were also likely to have high gratitude, and vice versa, so if you had low hope, you were likely to have low gratitude
- We also found that when you knew how much someone’s gratitude increased, you and predict how much their hope would increase
- We also found that when you knew how much someone’s gratitude increased, you and predict how much their hope would increase
- We also found that when you knew how much someone’s gratitude increased, you and predict how much their hope would increase
- there is one more thing we need to know about this relationship. We need to know if this relationship is causal. Did the increase in gratitude cause hope to increase or are they just related?
- This is important because if the same exercises we use to increase gratitude
- Can be used to increase hope…
- Then we have a way to give people hope
- And they get gratitude as a bonus at the same time!
- Instead of playing with balloons all summer I did an experiment. I used a gratitude mental exercise to manipulate gratitude and then looked at how hope changed
- First I needed participants
- Then I split them up into two groups
- Use the same words as slide 27 for journal entries
- We also measured these two things but in this talk I’m not going to address them in this talk
- Going back to our research question, did gratitude cause an increase in hope. Well we don’t know that yet because our increase of gratitude did not work the way we expected it to.
- We wanted to see if, even though the study didn't really work like we wanted it to, did it have an impact. While overall, the experimental groups' gratitude strive went down, it appears to have worked for some people Which makes us in the Happy Lab pretty Happy