Have you pulled your car up to the gas/petrol pump lately and been shocked by the high
price of gasoline? As the pump clicked past Rs1400 or 1500, maybe you thought about
trading in that SUV for something that gets better mileage. Or maybe you are worried
that your car is contributing to the greenhouse effect. Or maybe you just want to have
the coolest car on the block. Currently, there is a solution for all this problems, it's the
hybrid electric vehicle.
The vehicle is lighter and roomier than a purely electric vehicle, because there is less
need to carry as many heavy batteries. The internal combustion engine in hybrid-electric
is much smaller and lighter and more efficient than the engine in a conventional vehicle.
In fact, most automobile manufacturers have announced plans to manufacture their own
hybrid versions. Hybrid electric vehicles are all around us. Most of the locomotives we
see pulling trains are diesel-electric hybrids. Cities like Seattle have diesel-electric
buses -- these can draw electric power from overhead wires or run on diesel when they
are away from the wires. Giant mining trucks are often diesel-electric hybrids.
Submarines are also hybrid vehicles -- some are nuclear-electric and some are dieselelectric. Any vehicle that combines two or more sources of power that can directly or
indirectly provide propulsion power is a hybrid.
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Hybrid electric vehicle Seminar Presentation
1. Hybrid Electric Vehicle
THE WORLD OF ELECTRICAL TRANSPORT
VYAS INSTUTUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JODHPUR
Seminar Presentation
Submitted By:
Lakshminarayan
13eveee026
Submitted To:
Prof. Asad Zai
2. Contents
What is HEV....?
History
Types of Hybridization
Types of HEV
Parts of HVE vehicle
Advantages of HEV
Disadvantage of HEV
Future Scope
2
Image Source: Google Images
3. What is HEV…?
A hybrid car is any car that uses both electricity and fuel
injection in order to run.
Motor/
Generator
Battery Fuel
Transmission
Engine
3
Image Source: Google Images
Fuel
Transmission
Engine
Battery
Transmission
Motor/
Generator
Battery ElectricConventional Hybrid Electric Car
Fig: Hybrid Vehicle Mean
4. History of HEV
1830’s
• Battery electric vehicle invented by Thomas Davenport, Robert Anderson,
others - using non-rechargeable batteries.
1890’s
• EV’s outsold gas cars 10 to 1, Oldsmobile and Studebaker started as EV
companies started as EV companies.
1904’s
• Krieger Company builds first hybrid vehicle
1910’s
• Mass-produced Ford cars undercut hand-built EV’s
• EV’s persist as status symbols and utility vehicles until Great Depression.
4
Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Historical Hybrid car
5. Types of Hybridization
1. MILD / Micro Hybridization
They feature idle-stop function
Regenerative braking
Are not capable of using the electric motor
to propel the vehicle
These systems are usually 42 volts or less
5
Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Mild Hybridization
6. Types of Hybridization
2. Medium Hybridization
They feature idle-stop function
Regenerative braking
Most are not capable of using the electric motor alone to
propel the vehicle
The electric motor usually assists the engine
Battery voltages are about 144 to 158 volts
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Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Medium Hybridization
7. Types of Hybridization
3. Full Hybridization
They feature idle-stop function
Regenerative braking
Most are capable of using the electric motor alone to
propel the vehicle
The electric motor also assists the engine
Battery voltages are about 200 to 300 volts
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Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Full Hybridization
8. Types of Hybrid
1. Series hybrid
The fuel tank goes to the engine, but the
engine turns a generator.
Then the generator can either charge the
batteries or power an electric motor that
drives the transmission.
The gasoline engine does not directly
power the car.
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Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Series Hybrid
9. Types of HEV
2. Parallel Hybrid
Has a fuel tank that supplies gas to the
engine like a regular car.
It also has a set of batteries that run an
electric motor.
Both the engine and electric motor can
turn the transmission at the same time.
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Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Parallel Hybrid
10. Types of HEV
3. Series-Parallel Hybrid
Series-Parallel type also called Power-split
hybrids.
More beneficial then above hybrid.
Most of the latest vehicle based on this
hybrid.
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Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Series Parallel Hybrid
11. Parts of HEV vehicle
1. Engine
It’s much same as other vehicles engine,
but the size of hybrid electric vehicle
engine is small and it’s more fuel efficient.
There are two types of engine, mostly
used in HEV vehicle
a. Petrol Engine
b. Diesel Engine
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Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Engine
12. Parts of HEV vehicle
2. Battery
It stores the energy generated from gasoline
engine or during regenerative braking, from
the electric motor.
There are 3 types of batteries used in HEV
vehicles
a. Lead Acid(2.2 volt)
b. Nickel Cadmium (1.2 volt)
c. Lithium-ion(3.7 volt)
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Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Battery
13. Parts of HEV vehicle
3. Electrical Motor
It’s power the vehicle at low speed and
assist the gasoline engine when additional
power is needed.
Most of the electric machines used in
hybrid vehicles are brushless DC motors
(BLDC).
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Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Electrical Motor
14. Parts of HEV vehicle
4. Controller
The controller is used to charge the
battery or to supply the power to electric
motor.
a. Converts Battery DC to a chopped DC
power
b. Can chop in amplitude (DC) or frequency
(AC)
c. Power is based on low voltage input signal
4-20 mA or 0-5V
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Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Controller
15. Parts of HEV vehicle
5. Generator
It converts mechanical energy from engine
into electrical energy, which can be used
by electric motor stored in the battery. It’s
also used to start the gasoline engine
instantly.
15
Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Generator
16. Advantages of HEV
Savings
Low Emissions
Reduced Noise Pollution
Low Maintenance
Safe to Drive
Low
Emission
Less Noise
Improved
fuel
Efficiency
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Fig: Advantages
17. Disadvantages of HEV
Hybrids are more expensive than non-
hybrids.
Hybrids (in regards to a car accident) have
a much higher risk of exploding because it
has a combination of gasoline and
ethanol.
Sometimes they can be pretty ugly.
Parts can be very expensive to repair.
(between $1,00,000 and $3,00,000 for a
battery).
Slower than petrol powered cars.
More
Expensive
Low Power
Costly
Maintenanc
e
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Fig: Disadvantages
18. Future Scope
All the Major Automobile manufactures are working on Hybrid Electrical Vehicle.
Heavy vehicle like trucks will be use hybrid system in future.
Efficiency of hybrid electric vehicle will further increase in future.
Safety features will be add in new generation hybrid car or other vehicle.
Power of car have to increase in future.
Price of vehicle will reduce due to increase in production rate of hybrid electric
vehicles.
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