2. The Spanish colonizers ruled the country for over 300 years.
They used the cross to influence and impose their religion
upon the natives. For more than three centuries of
colonization in the Philippines, not only was our history as a
nation altered but also our traditions, lifestyles, and belief
systems. This has immensely influenced our literature. A shift
of interest from writing about nature to writing about the
Christian faith – of hymns, saints, miracles, and the teaching of
the church, took place. Most of the writings were religious,
secular, and at the latter part, propaganda and revolutionary.
3. Objectives:
– Describe the Philippine literature during the period
– Enumerate writers who contributed to the flourishing of
literature during this period
– Name literary genres and pieces
– Analyze literary pieces
4. An Introduction – What the colonizers
brought anew in Philippine Literature?
– Printing was introduced by the Dominicans in 1593
– Introduction of theater, playlets and drama
– Teaching of the Christian Doctrine . It was the first book ever
printed in the Philippines in 1593 by the Dominican press.
– Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and other
dialects
– Periodicals this times gained religious tone
– Literature: religious prose and poetry and secular prose and poetry
5. Literary Writers & Their Works
1. Dr
. Jose P
. Rizal (Laong Laan and Dimaslang)
- Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell), Sobre La Indolencia De Los
Filipinos (On The Indolence of The Filipino), A La Juventud Filipina (To The
Filipino Youth), Junto Al Pasig (Beside The Pasig River)
2. Marcelo H. Del Pilar (Plaridel, Pudpoh, Piping Dilat, Dolores Manapat)
- Pag-ibig Sa Tinubuang Lupa, Kaiingat Kayo, Dasalan at Tocsohan,
Sagot sa Espanya sa Hibik ng Pilipinas
6. 3. Graciano Lopez Jaena
- founded La Solidaridad
- Fray Botod, La Hija Del Fraile ang Everything is Hambug
4. Mariano Ponce (Kalipulako, Tikbalang, Naning)
- Ang Alamat ng Bulacan, Sobre Filipinos
5. Pedro Paterno
- Ninay (1st social Novel in Filipino)
- Sampaguitas y Poesias Varias (Sampaguita and Varied Poems)
7. 6. Andres Bonifacio
-Ang Dapat Mabatid ng Mga tagalog, Katungkulang gagawin ngv
Mga Anak ng Bayan, Huling Paalam
7. Emilio Jacinto
- Brain of the Katipunan, Editor of Kalayaan (Katipunan’s
Newspaper)
- Kartilya ng Katipunan, Liwanag sa Dilim, A La Patria
8. 8. Apolinario Mabini
-Sublime Paralytic, Brain of Revolution
- El Verdadero Decalogo, Sa Bayang Pilipino
9. Jose Palma
- best known as the author of the lyrics of the national anthem
10. Modesto de Castro
- the Father of Classic Prose in Tagalog
- “Urbana and Feliza”
9. Literary Genres
Poetry
1. The Pasyon – commemoration of Christ’s agony and resurrection at
Cavalry.
Ex. “Ang Mahal Na Pasion Ni Jesu Christong panginoon Natin Na
Tola” by Gaspar Aquino de Belen in 1704
2. Metrical Romances (Awit At Korido)
a. Awit – fabricated from writer’ imagination, set and characters
are Europeans, refer to chanting. These have measures of twelve
syllables (dodecasyllabic) and are slowly sung to the accompaniment of
a guitar or banduria. Francisco Baltazar’s Florante at Laura is the best
example for this.
10. b. Korido – usually based on European legends or tales, refer to
narration. These are metrical romances and tales that follow a
structure of a poem. These have measures of eight syllables
(octosyllabic) and recited to a martial beat. More often, these are
tales of chivalry where a knight saves a princess. Ibong Adarna is an
example of this
Ex. “Ibong Adarna”, “Historia Famoso ni Berbardo del Carpio”
3. Folk Songs
Ex. Leron-leron Sinta, Pamulinawen, Dandansoy, Sarong Banggi,
Atin Cu Pung Singsing
11. c. Karagatan – This is a poetic vehicle of a socio-religious nature celebrated during
the death of a person.
d. Duplo – This is a poetic joust in speaking and reasoning.
12. Prose
- consists mostly of didactic pieces and transitions of
religious writings in foreign languages, such as novenas and
biographies of saints,… and linguistic works of friar lexicographers
and grammarians.
Ex. Barlaan at Josaphat (conversion to Christianity of a young Indian
prince, Josaphat, by the holy man, Barlaan; their pious lives, and holy death)
Urbana and Feliza
13. Religious and Recreational Plays
1. Panunuluyan – tagalog version of Mexican Posadas. Held on
Christmas Eve. Dramatizes Joseph and Mary’s search for lodging in
Bethlehem
2. Cenaculo – dramatization of passion and death of Jesus Christ.
Senakulo, a Filipino dramatization of the life and times of Jesus
Christ presented during the Lent, was widely held
With 2 kinds: Cantanda and Hablada
3. Salubong/Panubong – Easter play. Meeting of Risen Christ and his
Mother
4. Pasyon- Philippine epic narrative of the life of Jesus Christ, was
written in stanzas with five lines of eight syllables each and focused
on his Passion, Death, and Resurrection.
14. 4. Tibag – St. Helen/Elena’s search for the cross on which Jesus died
5.Carillo (Shadow Play) - performed on a moonless night during town
fiesta or on dark nights after harvest
6. Zarzuela/Sarswela – father of drama This is a type of drama that
originated in Spain. It includes singing and dancing on stage with lyrics
alternatively spoken and sung in operatic and popular styles.
7. Sainete – short musical comedy popular during the 18th century. An
exaggerated comedy.
8. Dalit (psalm), a song praising God or the Virgin Mary and containing
a philosophy of life, also became popular.
15. Other noted plays/events during this period:
– The Moriones
– The Moro-moro
– Karagatan
– Duplo
– Balagtasan
– Dung-aw
