Human Machine Interaction by Lindsay Stefans
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Human Machine Interaction by Lindsay Stefans
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Human Machine Interaction by Lindsay Stefans
- 1. Designers Light Forum Human Machine Interaction Lindsay Stefans
- 2. Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request. This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. _______________________________________ ____ Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. AIA CES Credit Info Page
- 3. Learning Objectives 1. Compare __ the historical parallels of technological advances and the social impact of such advances 2.Analyze __the impacts and benefits of recommending smart lighting systems 3. Identify __ basic principles of data processing, data storage, and data transmission 4. Describe __ Privacy concerns from connected lighting systems At the end of the this course, participants will be able to: LEARNING OBJS (COMPARE, ANALYZE+/-, DATA LIFE, PRIVACY)
- 4. What is HCI
- 5. Cybernetics is a term that refers to the study of human control functions, as well as the artificial systems that are used to replace, or augment, them. Cybernetics
- 7. Futurecrafting – influencing the future
- 10. 1. COMPARE HISTORICAL PARALLELS What happens when you make a device “smart” •New consumer goods and services •New consulting opportunities •Ability for non-industry players to gain access to an otherwise insular market.
- 12. How does this Relate to You?
- 14. Data Processing – 4 Steps
- 16. What is a network? May be open so that any new device can join Example: Providing free wifi to building visitors May be closed so only approved devices can join Hardware, software, data can be shared May communicate with other networks Example: Home network talks to Internet Example: Accounting network talks to Marketing network Network – Defined
- 17. structured and unstructured Big Data
- 18. Network Devices Have a network identity • Permanent – MAC Address (like VIN for a car) • Temporary – TCP/IP Address (like a license plate) Network – Address and Car Metaphor
- 19. Data Flow – Direction of Data Flow
- 23. Data Flow – Lighting is an Island
- 26. Examples of Building Management Protocols Bacnet Lonworks Mod-bus BACnet is a communications protocol for building automation and control networks. It is an ASHRAE, ANSI, and ISO 16484-5 standard protocol. Protocols – Building Management Systems
- 27. Lighting Protocols Bluetooth Zigbee / Snap TCP/IP Z-Wave Visible Light Communication - VLC Art-Net Protocols – Lighting Management Systems
- 28. Mesh Network Zigby is Mesh
- 30. Physical and Logical Topologies Physical view vs. Data view
- 31. Active vs. Passive Metadata
- 34. Custodian PC Date Exists Phone Date Exists Smith Dell 01.01.2001 – 06.05.2013 iPhone 5s 05.12.2013 – Present Jones Toshiba 01.01.2001 – 02.10.2016 Blackberry 02.10.2015 - Present Data Mapping
- 35. data storage - data map Control System Devices Where does data reside? How long is data accessible Who has access? Encrypted? Bacnet Local 30 days Mr. G AWS indefinitely Mr. H Data Mapping 2
- 36. Is it connected to internet? Are security measures in place? Should I perform penetration testing? Are communications encrypted? Security Concerns
- 37. “We know not through our intellect but through our experience.” ― Maurice Merleau-Ponty Merleau-Ponty Quote
- 39. Thank you. lindsay@metafarm.com takeaways: Network ecosystem contain diagnostic and user activity Investigate/Document how lighting connects to building management systems Who / What will control the data flow? Ask questions…then Ask more questions
- 40. This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course End Page
Notas do Editor
- 1. [phone and discovery transition to “smart” status] [uber v. taxi’s example and social impact; show parallels to lighting (futurecrafting slide)] [city of tomorrow] 2. Impacts examples: benefits to citizens vs. tenants, urban expansion 3. [drag networks explained to bottom, replace with high-level overview in lighting context 4. 4. Describe __ Privacy concerns from connected lighting systems Basic setup addresses privacy: standalone lighting lan vs. connected to Internet and/or building LAN, offering – access from local only or from remote (Eg. Admin 10 lighting LANs), create graphic
- HCI (human-computer interaction) is the study of how people interact with computers and to what extent computers are or are not developed for successful interaction with human beings Passive vs. Active computer interaction. Passive: RFID cards (enter buildings, activate theft alarms), wifi and bluetooth connections Active: Entering PIN codes, keyboards, searching Google, using app to turn off lights
- Cybernetics is a transdisciplinary[1] approach for exploring regulatory systems – their structures, constraints, and possibilities. Norbert Wiener defined cybernetics in 1948 as "the scientific study of control and communication in the animal and the machine.“ As such, cybernetics involves the bridging the gap between biologic and technological processes
- human-computer interaction is situated at the intersection of computer science, behavioral sciences, design, media studies, and several other fields of study
- “futurecraft”—not predicting the future, but influencing it positively—
- The main reason Uber exists is because of smart-phones. When lighting is “smart”, there will be new apps. People expected to hail taxis with an app. The Taxi industry couldn’t reach consensus, so Uber obliged. A great example of how making a device “smart” changed how we “call a cab”. The Uber App extended functionality beyond what a traditional taxi or dispatcher offered: a shareable real-time GPS of trip/route; autopay; email receipt with route map; website with ride history; rider pooling; the list goes on. These are features we still don’t see the taxi industry offer. Data over lighting is already a reality. The lighting industry needs to understand, own and administrate the new features, or someone else surely will. Designers need to be able to explain the value to the building owners, and that the designers can aid in this part of the lighting project. The Taxi industry thought it was insulated against new competition. They owned the laws and, essentially entry into their marketplace. Who could possibly bypass them, putting cars on the streets and riders into those cars? Having customers stand on the side of the road or call and wait 45 minutes for a pick-up was, to their thinking, sufficient. Thus they stopped innovating and rested on their laurels. (consider adding graph: value of taxi medallion over time)
- Moving from paper document review to electronic “native” format review created $2.7B in software and $7B in services. Attorney: “I’ve been litigating for 30 years and now you’re going to tell me that I need all these new services and software to do my job?” Me: “Yes.” This is a true 2001 encounter between a seasoned partner in a large law firm and a litigation support consultant. I was promoting the benefits of using the native format instead of paper for review. In 2006 the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure made it official: everyone was to go native. This moved document review from a paper format to an electronic format (aka “ediscovery”) thereby generating a $10+ billion dollar industry. Litigators need to review every document which is potentially related to the case. The attorneys rely upon the eDiscovery Software and Services Market to collect and put those documents onto their screens. At the time, specialty photocopy shops made all the photocopies for litigators and owned that industry. They now had the ability to provide additional consulting services and even develop new software.
- Lighting systems can generate and transmit data as an isolated network or connected to the Internet and building management systems. As lighting becomes “smart” we must educate ourselves and control the new data aspect or watch consulting fees go to others. Smart lighting shouldn’t just evolve lighting, but the lighting profession, as well. The following are three examples: Phones Uber v. Taxi Litigation Discovery Lights
- Welcome to the Internet of Things Internet of Things allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure,[2] creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer-based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit;[3][4][5][6][7][8] when IoT is augmented with sensors and actuators, the technology becomes an instance of the more general class of cyber-physical systems, which also encompasses technologies such as smart grids, smart homes, intelligent transportationand smart cities. Each thing is uniquely identifiable through its embedded computing system but is able to interoperate within the existing Internet infrastructure. Experts estimate that the IoT will consist of almost 50 billion objects by 2020n both energy management and smart homes and possibly retail. Security is related to all.
- Motoko Ishii is a legendary Japanese Lighting Designer. She didn’t have to think about IoT in her profession. However, this relates to you on a personal level and a professional level. “How do you think this relates to you?” As an exercise, think of a powered object (anything that is plugged into an outlet, runs on batteries or is permanently wired/powered) that you use, encounter or rely upon in your daily life. For my example, I will use an electric shaver. What could the shaver tell me? What would I say to it? It could use bluetooth to order replacement blades, or alert you (Tweet, email, call, txt message) that it’s time for a new one. Now it’s your turn. [potential question: Think of an installation you are designing now. What are the objects in that environment? What information could they tell you? If you could control or at least communicate with them from an app, what could you do? ]
- The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects—devices, vehicles, buildings and other items which are embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and exchange data Cyber-Physical systems
- [lindsay, I included 2 good graphics.] Data Processing consists of 4 steps: Data Input Data Storage Data Processing Data Output The main questions: From where is data input? A person on a smartphone, a sensor telling the amount of ambient light, an admin command configuring the lights. Input could come from any number of sources, people or sensors. If connected to the Internet, the people and the sensors could be anywhere. Where is data processed and stored? Those computers could be on the Net or in the computer room, down the hall.
- “The cloud” is just a metaphor for the Internet. “Cloud storage” or “cloud computing” refers to storing data and programs on a remote computer which you access via the Internet instead of storing the same data and programs on your desktop computer hard drive. When you store files on Dropbox, Evernote or Google Drive, they are saved onto some remote computer that is connected to the Internet 24/7. Cloud computing, also known as 'on-demand computing', is a kind of Internet-based computing, where shared resources, data and information are provided to computers and other devices on-demand. It is a model for enabling ubiquitous, on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources.
- If I have a thermostat, it is standalone, but if it is on network then software can look at that What is a “networked device” Any electronic device that communicate with other electronic devices Smartphones Laptop LED The rental car stereo that connected to your phone via Bluetooth How does data know where to go? Networked devices all have a “network address”. When your phone requests a webpage, it puts the website address as the “to” address. It also puts it’s “return” address. That’s how each device knows how to route data to other devices on any network. An ecosystem of metadata. Each device is both ingesting and producing data. It could be about the machine requesting a file or it could be a machine sending a print job. Or it could be a bacnet server providing management controls to the building manager’s desktop. And that desktop could be on local or remote network. Sample metadata fields: username, device network address/IP address, security parameters, logging of activities “digital footprint” which can be digital footprints created by user or automatically created. For example, there is antivirus software running on local network. It is constantly looking for viruses and keeping logs, webserver keeps logs of who get into various sites. Logs of outside systems trying to connect to your system. If a building has 4 or 5 systems, information is logged automatically.
- Big data is a broad term for data sets so large or complex that traditional data processing applications are inadequate. Challenges include analysis, capture, data curation, search, sharing, storage, transfer, visualization, querying and information privacy. The term often refers simply to the use of predictive analytics or certain other advanced methods to extract value from data, and seldom to a particular size of data set. Accuracy in big data may lead to more confident decision making, and better decisions can result in greater operational efficiency, cost reduction and reduced risk. Big data is a term that describes the large volume of data – both structured and unstructured – that inundates a business on a day-to-day basis. But it’s not the amount of data that’s important. It’s what organizations do with the data that matters. Big data can be analyzed for insights that lead to better decisions and strategic business moves.
- In order to travel on roads (local, intrastate or interstate) we require cars to display a license plate. We also require certain protocols: car must have windshield, seatbelts, headlights, and so forth. The roads are your networks. Just like roads, some kinds of traffic are not allowed. Some plates are allowed to drive on certain roads (local, intrastate) but not others. People determine how they want to administrate the flow of vehicles. So it is with data communications. A road is a network. The car is a container. In the container are passengers. These passengers represent the data. Data could be a webpage, bank transaction or a new lighting configuration. A network consists of two of more devices that communicate with each other. Every device on the network has two unique identifiers: the MAC address and the IP address. The manufacturer assigns each network card a MAC address. It stays the same regardless of the network. The IP address is a temporary address assigned by the network, and can change every time a device is reconnected. When you browse a website on your phone, it is on a network. It has a unique ID, and the data goes from one network to another until it reaches the website. The “inter” in internet means “between” networks. By contrast, a business private intranet is set up for access and communications within the network (intra – internal). The Internet is a network of networks, allowing a phone app in Chicago communicate with a light fixture in New York.
- [graphic: https://www.slideshare.net/paolopat/io-t-protocols-landscape] Depending upon a device’s purpose on the network, we have a few configuration options. Telemetry – information flows from device to other systems for conveying status changes in the device. Inquiries – Requests from devices looking to gather required information or asking to initiate activities. Commands – Command from other systems to a device or a group of devices to perform specific activities. Notifications – Information flows from other systems to a device or a group for conveying status changes in the world.
- Building owners can choose (1) isolated lighting data network (2) data connection to building data network (3) data connection to Internet. What makes the IoT and all our new and potential apps (and related goods/services) possible is connectivity. Think of Comcast as a data carrier (or Internet Service Provider). In this role, it is less concerned with what it transmits than how many GBs of data someone consumed. By turning the lights into data carriers, you enable communications with many objects, indoor or outdoor. You also allow those objects to communicate with each other. If the lighting network is connected to the building network, then you could provide the building engineer with access to management systems, such as security, HVAC and elevators.
- In this network diagram (map) we see that both the lighting and bms have their own separate connections to the Internet. All communications must go through a gateway to reach the next network. Data Flow Options: Lighting Outbound Only – the lighting system sends data to the Internet, but no inbound allowed; Lighting 2 Way – apps can communicate with lighting via direct connection or via Internet; BMS – same thing; This layout could allow for someone to access lighting from inside the BMS network, and vice versa. Security is how we restrict communications and access from outside a given network. In the above layout one would need to set up security on both the lighting and BMS gateways.
- In this network configuration, we see that, in theory… Someone on the Internet could connect to the BMS and from there, to the lighting system. Someone could admin the BMS via the Internet or Lighting network. If BMS’s Internet connect goes down, lighting has no connection. Again, security is how we restrict access and flow of data from one network to another, or within a given network, too.
- In this data communications config, we see that the lighting network is self-contained. It is not accessible to/from the Internet or BMS networks. The BMS is able to communicate with the Internet in our example.
- Your smart phone is able to communicate with all of the network devices on any of these networks. Whether it is simply an RSS feed from lighting that lets you know public information or apps that controls lighting and HVAC, the options for controlling access to data and the flow of data is mostly limited by the owner’s vision.
- Protocol http://slideplayer.com/slide/5357404/ A protocol is a system of rules that define how something is to be done. In computer terminology, a protocol is usually an agreed-upon or standardized method for transmitting data and/or establishing communications between different devices.
- This Website is dedicated to providing the latest information on BACnet - A Data Communication Protocol for Building Automation and Control Networks. Developed under the auspices of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), BACnet is an American national standard, a European standard, a national standard in more than 30 countries, and an ISO global standard. The protocol is supported and maintained by ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 135 whose members have created and provided the content for this Website.
- Mesh networking is a key architecture for the Internet of Things (IoT). Standards such as IEEE804.15 ZigBee have implemented mesh networking over the last twenty years with success in industrial automation. This means each node of the network can accept and forward data to a neighboring node, allowing a network to scale more easily by just adding new nodes. This is more cost effective and easier to implement than having to use additional gateway devices or access points which often also need more extensive planning to avoid clashing frequencies. Bluetooth by comparison has essentially been a point-to-point connection, linking to a terminal such as a smartphone or to an access point such as an iBeacon or Eddystone. As such it has been very successful in wearable technologies, providing a link back to a smartphone and from there to the wider Internet. This has allowed Bluetooth technology to be used in a range of applications that are increasingly connecting directly to the Internet and is driving a demand for mesh networking. Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) (also called Bluetooth Smart or Version 4.0+ of the Bluetooth specification) is the power- and application-friendly version of Bluetooth that was built for the Internet of Things (IoT). - See more at: https://www.bluetooth.com/what-is-bluetooth-technology/bluetooth-technology-basics/low-energy#sthash.WhAsgHkZ.dpuf
- Operational How long is data stored Where is data stored How will data be accessed, processed, used and by whom Security Custom hardware attacks Stuxnet
- Difference between the layout of the cables and hardware versus how data experiences the eco-systems and flow.
- The accounting software can store both (1) ledger values and (2) user activity values. Metadata shows Sue Jones logged into the server at 3:45pm, made 4 ledger edits and printed 3 reports.
- Metadata includes fields and values which summarize basic information about a thing: Books could include: [FIELDNAME] = [VALUE] Author = Title = Published = Call # = Keywords = Each Light could include: Make Model Component/Module Serial Numbers GPS coordinates (including altitude) Local Area Network Address More…
- [break out into 3 slides+] Explain 34B 34b is the section of the federal rules of civil procedure (FRCP) which is how the law defines identification and collection and use of ESI. What is the lighting ESI? Where is it located? How do you collect it? Who is in charge? Who is the administrator?
- Data maps are needed for buildings both operational and for litigation.
- data map should be system name, software metadata access, where is it stored, who is administrator, end user, security concerns multiple systems, what devices are there? Where are those devices? In litigation this would be an evidence map. Not specific to any vendor. Security---metadata information “where are the bodies buried? Where is weak link?