Paper no.3- Literary Theory & Criticism

1. Name : Parmar Krupa Jivabhai
Roll No. : 25
Enrollment No. : 2069108420180040
M.A.Sem-1
Year : 2017-2019
Email id : parmarkrupaj25@gmail.com
Paper No. : 3
Submitted to : Department of English
Bhavnagar

2.  Aristotle was a
Philosopher and
scientist of Greek.
 He was born in the
Macedonian city of
Stagirus in 384 BCE.
 His father Nicomachus
died when he was just a
child.
 Then Proxenus of
Atameus became his
guardian.

3.  At the age of eighteen he
joined Plato’s Academy
and stay there until he
became thirty-seven
years old.
 He asks and tried to show
reality of the world.
 His analysis of the ideal
from of tragic play
became a guideline for
later playwright in western
civilization.
 Shakespeare also tried to
follow rules of Aristotle’s.

4. “ Tragedy is a form of drama on human
suffering that invokes in its audience an
accompanying catharsis or pleasure in
viewing”.

5. “ Tragedy is an imitation of an action, that
is serious , complete and of a certain
magnitude. In the language embellished
with each kind of artistic ornament , the
several kinds being found in separate parts
of the play. In the form of action , not of
narrative. Through pity and fear effecting
the proper purgation-catharsis of these
and similar emotions”.

6. Six elements of Tragedy :
1.The Plot
2.The Character
3. The Thought
4. The Diction
5. The Melody
6. The Spectacle

7.  Plot is soul of tragedy.
 It was most important of six elements.
 The plot must be complete having of action.
 Aristotle said that plot must be structurally self
contained , with the incident bound together
by internal necessity , each action leading
inevitably to the next with no outside
intervention.
 There must be good chain of unity of action.

8.  Character is another important element of
tragedy.
 Every character may have their own
contribution to develop plot and play , their
quality or nature that is revealed in the plot.
 Character should have following qualities:
1.Good or fine
2.True to Type
3.True to Life
4.Consistency

9. It is also called as theme of play.
Theme of play is considered as thought.
Thought is power of saying whatever can
be said and should be said at each
moment of the plot.

10. Diction means Composition of dialogue-
choice of word.
The word contains meaning the clarity with
which somebody pronounce words of the
meaning in the words which are proper
and appropriate to the plot, character and
end of the tragedy.

11. Both elements are accessories.
The ancient Greek writer used melody
songs sometimes.
They used musical accompaniment.
Spectacles is last for it is least connected
with literature “the production of
spectacular effects depends machinist
than on that of poet.