This document presents a project on an automatic tripping mechanism for a three-phase power supply system to prevent damage from faults. The system can detect line-to-ground, line-to-line, and other faults and automatically disconnect power. It uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller along with relays, sensors and other components to sense fault types, locations and temporarily or permanently trip the supply. The system provides safety benefits and can help reduce losses by quickly detecting and isolating faults on transmission lines, substations and industrial applications.

1. PRESENTED BY:-
KANHA BEHERA
RAKESH KU. JENA
PREMANANDA PATI
ANMOL DASH
JAYAJIT NAHAK
ABHISEK BEHERA
GUIDED BY:-
MRS MONALISA PANI
(LECTURE IN
ELECTRICAL)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
ENGG

2. CONTENT:
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. OBJECTIVES
4. COMPONENTS USED
5. TYPES OF FAULT
6. WORKING
7. APPLICATION
8. ADVANTAGES
9. CONCLUSION
10. REFERENCE 2

3. ABSTRACT :
1. THIS PROJECT PROVIDES AUTOMATIC TRIPPING MECHANISM
FOR THE THREE PHASE SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR PREVENTION FROM
DAMAGE DUE TO FAULTS.
2. IN CASE OF TEMPORARY FAULTS THE OUTPUTS RESETS
AUTOMATICALLY AFTER A BRIEF INTERRUPTION .
3. IN CASE OF PERMANENT FAULT THE OUTPUT REMAINS IN THE
TRIPPING CONDITION.
4. FAULTS LIKE LG, LL, LLL, AND ON CAN BE SENSED AND
AUTOMATICALLY DISCONNECTS THE SUPPLY TO AVOID LARGE
SCALE DAMAGES TO THE EQUIPMENT CONNECTED.

4. INTRODUCTION
4
• In now a days the electricity is very important in our life. In the
power system there are various types of fault occurs due to natural
calamity( like lightning, collision of branches of trees with the
transmission line ). Overloading due to this short circuit or fault
may occurs like ( line to line, line to ground, double line to ground
). Out of these double line to ground fault is more savior in the
power system which could damage the electrical equipment. So this
fault should be remove as soon as possible. Mostly line to ground
fault is occurred about the 80% in the power system. It is the
biggest task for Electrical Engineers to find the exact location of the
fault so can remove it early and provide continuous supply to the

5. OBJECTIVES
1. FAULT RECOGNITION.
2. FAULT DETECTION.
3. IMPROVE EFFICIENCY.
4. TO MAINTAIN SYSTEM STABILITY.

6. COMPONENTS
USED:
Arduino Uno ,
Capacitor
4ch Relay Module , Plain
PCB
1ch Relay Module , Flame
Sensor
16X2 LCD Display ,
Push Button Switch
1k Resistor
10k Potentiometer
Rectifier
 Stepdown
Transformer
6

7. ARDUINO UNO:
ARDUINO UNO IS MICROCONTROLLER BOARD BASED ON THE ATMEGA328P. IT
HAS 14DIGITAL INPUT/OUTPUT PINS, 6 ANALOG INPUTS, A 16 MHZ CERAMIC
RESONATOR , A USB CONNECTION, A POWER JACK, AN ICSP HEADER AND A
RESET BUTTON.
RECTIFIER:
RECTIFIER IS A DEVICE THAT CONVERTS THE ALTERNATIVE CURRENT SIGNAL TO
DIRECT CURRENT SIGNAL ( IN OTHER WORDS IT CONVERTS THE TWO
DIRECTIONAL SIGNAL TO SINGLE DIRECTIONAL SIGNAL. )
7805 MOSFET;
IT IS A POPULAR VOLTAGE REGULATOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT ( IC ). IN THIS A
MEMBER OF 78XX SERIES OF FIXED LINEAR VOLTAGE REGULATORS USED TO
MAINTAIN SUCH FLUCTUATIONS. THE XX INDICATES THE OP VOLTAGE IT
PROVIDES.
Tuesday, February 2, 20XX
SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 7

8. PLAIN PCB:
THIS BOARD CAN BE USED TO BUILD YOUR OWN CIRCUIT BOARDS,
BREAKOUT BOARDS, ETC. IT ALSO KNOWN AS COPPER CLAD BOARD. THIS
BOARD IS MADE OF HIGH QUALITY PHENOLIC LAMINATE AND HAS SIZE
OF 12*12 INCHES.
FLAMING SENSOR:
A FLAME DETECTOR IS A SENSOR DESIGNED TO DETECT AND RESPOND
TO THE PRESENCE OF A FLAME OR FIRE.
8

9. TYPES OF FAULTS:
A. SYMMETRICAL FAULTS:
SYMMETRICAL FAULT IS A FAULT WHERE ALL PHASES ARE AFFECTED SO
THAT THE SYSTEM REMAINS BALANCED. A THREE-PHASE FAULT IS A
SYMMETRICAL FAULT. IN THIS FAULT, ALL PHASES ARE SHORT CIRCUITS
TO EACH OTHER AND OFTEN TO EARTH. SUCH FAULT IS BALANCED IN
THE SENSE THAT THE SYSTEM REMAINS SYMMETRICAL.
9

10. B.UNSYMMETRICAL:
UNSYMMETRICAL FAULTS INVOLVE ONLY ONE OR TWO PHASES. IN
UNSYMMETRICAL FAULTS THE THREE-PHASE LINE BECOMES
UNBALANCED. SUCH TYPE OF FAULTS OCCURS BETWEEN THE LINE TO
GROUND OR BETWEEN LINES. AN UNSYMMETRICAL SERIES OF FAULTS IS
BETWEEN PHASES OR BETWEEN PHASE TO GROUND. WHEREAS
UNSYMMETRICAL SHUNT FAULT IS UNBALANCED IN THE LINE
IMPEDANCE.
( 1 ) LINE TO LINE FAULT
( 2 ) LINE TO GROUND FAULT
( 3 ) DOUBLE LINE TO GROUND
Tuesday, February 2, 20XX
SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 10

11. WORKING
FIRST OF ALL MAKE A CODE AND INSTALL IT IN
ARDUINO UNO. AS PER THE CODE THE MODULE WILL
OPERATE. IT DETECTS THE LINE TO LINE FAULT. USING
A RESISTOR THREE TRANSMISSION LINE CREATED. AND
4 MOVING SWITCHES PER PHASE ARE USED TO CREATE
FAULT. AND FOR THAT CODE IS WRITTEN AS IF FAULT
IS OCCURRED DUE TO 1ST MOVING SWITCH IN ‘R’ PHASE
THEN LCD WILL DISPLAY THE FAULT IN 1KM IS OCCURRED IN
‘R’ AND ‘Y’ PHASE. IF THERE WILL NO FAULT THE LCD WILL
DISPLAY THE NF ( I.E NO FAULT ) AND FOR R,Y,B PHASE LED (
5MM ) IS USED RESPECTIVELY. THE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM IS
SHOWN BELOW.

12. THREE PHASE FAULT
DETECTION:
12

13. APPLICATION
1. SUBSTATIONS
2. TRANSMISSION LINES
3. INDUSTRIES
4. APARTMENTS

14. ADVANTAGES
1. SAFETY EQUIPMENT
2. MORE RELIABLE
3. REDUCE LOSSES
4. HIGHLY SENSITIVE
5. MORE EFFICIENT

15. CONCLUSION
1. VARIOUS FAULTS HAVE BEEN CREATED TO DEVELOP AN AUTOMATIC
TRIPPING MECHANISM FOR THE THREE PHASE SUPPLY SYSTEM.
2. WHILE TEMPORARY FAULT AND PERMANENT FAULT OCCUR, HERE
ARDUINO UNO ( AT365 MEGA ) IS USED WITH RELAY FOR THE FAULT
ANALYSIS.
3. SHORT DURATION FAULTS RETURNS THE SUPPLY TO THE LOAD
IMMEDIATELY CALLED AS TEMPORARY TRIP WHILE LONG DURATION
RESULTS IN PERMANENT TRIP.
4. WHENEVER ANY TYPE OF FAULT : LG TEMPORARY/PERMANENT OR LL
TEMPORARY/PERMANENT OCCURS REGARDING FAULT IS DISPLAY ON LCD
WITH DISTANCE OF FAULT OCCURRED.

16. REFERENCE
1. PRINCIPLE OF POWER SYSTEM. ( V.K MEHTA, ROHIT
MEHTA )
2. ARDUINO DROID
3. WIKIPEDIA
4. HTTPS:// MICROCONTROLLERSLAB.COM

17. THANK YOU