Introduction to the Philosophy of Human Person

1. INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF
THE HUMAN PERSON

2. INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF
THE HUMAN PERSON

3. INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF
THE HUMAN PERSON

4. INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF
THE HUMAN PERSON
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5. INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF
THE HUMAN PERSON
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6. INTRODUCTION TO
THE PHILOSOPHY
OF THE HUMAN
PERSON

7. • One of the key elements in many educational reforms is
DIVERSITY, DIFFERENCE and CHOICE or other proposals
that establish separate curricular routes for different
groups or individuals.
• DIVERSITY , is the difference that makes each person
unique, (e.g. BIOLOGY , ETHNICITY, and CULTURE, FAMILY
LIFE , BELIEFS , GEOGRAPHY , EXPERIENCES and
RELIGION ).

8. • Philosophy comes from the ancient Greek word
"philosophia" and was probably coined by Pythagoras and
literally means "love of wisdom" or "friend of wisdom"
• Greek Origin: "Philos" means Love; "Sophia" means
"wisdom"
• Wisdom is the goal of Philosophy.

9. • PHILOSOPHY IS also defined as the science that by
natural light of reason studies the first causes or highest
principles of all things.

10. FOUR THINGS TO BE CONSIDERED
• SCIENCE - It is called science because the investigation is systematic,
follows certain steps or it employs certain procedures, organized
body of knowledge just like any other sciences .
• NATURAL LIGHT OF REASON - Philosophy investigates things , not by
using any laboratory instrument or investigative tools, neither on the
basis of supernatural revelation, otherwise it becomes theology;
instead the Philosopher uses his natural capacity to think or simply,
human reason alone or the so-called unaided reason

11. FOUR THINGS TO BE CONSIDERED
3. STUDY OF ALL THINGS - This sets the distinction between Philosophy
from other sciences. All other sciences concern themselves with a
particular object of investigation.
4. FIRST CAUSE OR HIGHEST PRINCIPLE

12. FOUR THINGS TO BE CONSIDERED
4. FIRST CAUSE OR HIGHEST PRINCIPLE
A. Principle of Identity
It states that each thing is identical with itself. By this it is meant that
each thing (be it a universal or a particular) is composed of its own
unique set of characteristic qualities or features, which the ancient
Greeks called its essence. WHAT IS IS ; WHATEVER IS NOT IS NOT.
EVERYTHING IS ITS OWN BEING.
B. Principle of Non-Contradiction

13. FOUR THINGS TO BE CONSIDERED
4. FIRST CAUSE OR HIGHEST PRINCIPLE
B. Principle of Non-Contradiction- It states that contradictory statements
cannot both be true in the same sense at the same time, e.g. the two
propositions "A is B" and "A is not B" are mutually exclusive.
C. Principle of Excluded Middle - It is impossible for a thing to be and not
to be at the same time and at the same respect.

14. FOUR THINGS TO BE CONSIDERED
4. FIRST CAUSE OR HIGHEST PRINCIPLE
D. Principle of Sufficient Reason - nothing exist without a sufficient
reason for its being and existence. states that everything must have a
reason or a cause.

15. PHILOSOPHY AS THE MOTHER DISCIPLINE
• Philosophy is the mother discipline out of which the other sciences
emerge.
• According to Warner, philosophy emerge as something revolutionary
since their mythological explanation about the nature of the universe
would be set aside in favor of more coherent and rational one.

16. Thales
• He is a man from a fishing Village in Miletus
started to diverge from the the mythological
tradition and sought to answer questions like,
"What is the underlying substance that the
reality made of?", "How do things come to be,
change and pass away?", "
Father of Western Philosophy

17. Thales
• For Thales, the underlying Substance that the
reality is made of must be water, because
water is everywhere.
Father of Western Philosophy

19. METAPHYSICS
Metaphysics is really only an extension of
fundamental and necessary drive in every human
being to know what is real

23. Ethics
It is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature
of moral virtue and evaluates human actions.
It is generally a study of the nature of moral
judgements.

24. Epistemology
It deals with nature, sources, limitations, and validity
of knowledge

28. Logic
Reasoning is the concern of the logician. This could
be reasoning in science and medicine, in ethics, and
law, in politics and commerce, in sports and games
and in the mundane affairs of everyday living.

29. Logic
The term logic comes from the Greek word "logike"
and was coined by Zeno, the Stoic.
Etymologically, it means a treatise on matters
pertaining to the human thought.

32. Aesthetics
It is the science of the beautiful in its various
manifestations including the sublime, comic, tragic,
pathetic, and ugly.

33. Aesthetics
IMPORTANCE:
• It vitalizes our knowledge.
• It helps us to live more deeply and richly.
• It brings us in touch with our culture.

34. Many Philosophers hold that there are three great
original centers of philosophy in the world..
Greek (Western) Indian Chinese

35. • Historically speaking, Asian classics of the Indians
and the Chinese predated the oldest western
classics.
• Indian and Chinese philosophers lived earlier that
their Greek counterparts.
Greek (Western) Indian Chinese

36. SOCRATES PLATO ARISTOTLE
Greek Triumvirate

37. SOCRATES PLATO ARISTOTLE
Greek Triumvirate
• During their time, the western
thinkers started to indulge in
feverish philosophical
speculation, whereas the Asian
thinkers began diminishing
philosophical activities.
• In our present century, almost
all major philosophical ideas
emanate from Western thinkers.

38. THOUGHTS FOR DISCUSSION
Western and Non-western Tradition
The challenges of the global information age cannot be understood
by oversimplification. One size does not fit at all. There are
multiple of cultures and there are different types of stated in terms
of modern economic modernization. Certainly, the culture of the
“east” is very different from that of the “west” but that doesn’t
mean each culture is incapable of understanding certain features of
the other.

39. THOUGHTS FOR DISCUSSION
Western and Non-western Tradition
As the world become “smaller”, it is increasingly important to
develop an understanding of culture centers around the globe that
are very different from our own. Each society or culture has it’s
own ideas of itself, a definition of what is important in life, and its
own notions of what the world is like in general terms; thus, each
society or culture can be said to have its own “philosophy”

40. A. Filipino Thinking: From Local to Global
• Filipinos do have their own philosophy.
• THREE DIMENSIONS
1. Loob
2. Filipino Philosophy of Time
3. Bahala na
These attitudes and values constitute the hidden springs of the
Filipino mind.

41. A. Filipino Thinking: From Local to Global
1. Loob: Holistic and Interior Dimension
• Kagandahang-loob, kabutihang loob, and kalooban are terms
that show sharing one’s self to others.
• Loob puts one in touch with his fellow beings.
• Filipino Generally believes in the innate goodness of the human
being.

42. A. Filipino Thinking: From Local to Global
2. Filipino Philosophy of time
• The Filipino proves that he believes in the gulong ng palad (Wheel
of Fortune), meaning, Filipino looks at life as a series of ups and
downs.
• This Philosophy of life makes the Filipino an unmitigated optimist.

43. A. Filipino Thinking: From Local to Global
3. Bahala Na
• The Filipino puts his entire trust in this Bathala who has involved
into the Christian God.
• Bahala Na means to leave everything to God who is Bathala in the
vernacular.
• The Bahala Na Philosophy puts complete trust in the Divine
Providence.

44. A. Filipino Thinking: From Local to Global
4. Filipino Thought and Values: Positive and Negative Aspects
• Utang na Loob (indebtedness to patrons)
• Endurance and Hardwork as means to economic self-suffiency.
• Bayanihan or helping others in times of need.

45. B. Philosophy: Transcending and Aiming for a life of
Abundance.
• Abundance comes from the latin term, “Abundare”, meaning to
overflow nonstop
• According to Aguilar’s The Gift of Abundance, Abundance is out
flowing than incoming. It is not about material things or people
but our relationship with others, ourselves, and with nature.

46. B. Philosophy: Transcending and Aiming for a life of
Abundance.
According to Aguilar’s The Gift of Abundance
• Abundance is not what we gather but what we scatter.
• Abundance is not what we keep but what we give away.
• Abundance is not what we hold but what we share.
• Abundance is a choice.
• Abundance is to evolve into higher being.

47. 1. Which branch of philosophy deals with arguments?
2. What Filipino value puts one in touch with one’s fellow
beings and is essentially interpersonal.
3. Which branch of Philosophy evaluates human actions?
4. The issue of whether Nora Aunor deserves to a National
Artist falls under which branch of philosophy?
5. Etymologically, what does philo mean?
6-8 Who consist the Greek triumvirate
9. “Virtual Reality vs.The Real Thing” is under which branch
of philosophy?
10. What kind of Filipino philosophy?" wherein Filipino
believes gulong ng palad.