The document summarizes a student project to analyze the performance of a solar PV system with and without a sun tracker. Key points: - The project aims to experimentally compare the energy generated by a solar PV panel that tracks the sun's movement vs. a stationary panel. - Components used include an Arduino, servo motor, solar panels, charge controller, support structure, load, and sensors. - Simulations were conducted to model the PV panel's output under varying temperatures and irradiation. - Prototypes of the tracking and stationary systems were built and tested from 12-4pm, with the tracking system found to generate more power.

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Final Presentation 2018 Batch
Supervisor: Mr. Kiran Kumar B M Asst.Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering
M S RAMAIAH UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES
Name Register Number
Mahesh P koulagudd 18ETEE003018
Arunkumar Gudalkar 18ETEE003005
Sachin S Palled 18ETEE003304
Shraddanananda N M 18ETEE003032
Experimental Analysis of the Performance of Solar PV system with and without
Sun Tracker

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Title and Aim
Title of the Project :
Experimental Analysis of the Performance of Solar PV system with and without Sun
Tracker
Aim of the Project :
To carry out an experimental analysis of the performance of solar PV system with
and without Sun Tracker at variable temperature and irradiation conditions

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Introduction
• Energy is undeniably crucial for human progress, and one of the most critical
challenges confronting every nation’s future development in electricity
• Solar tracker, a system that positions an object at an angle relative to the sun
• The solar trackers are positioning PV panels so that they remain perpendicular to
the sun’s rays and positioning space telescopes so that they can determine sun’s
direction
• With technology improvements solar system efficiency is now being enhanced by
using single and dual axis solar tracking system

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Objectives
• To carry out the literature survey on Solar PV systems with and without tracker
• To arrive at the specifications and simulation of the Solar PV at varying
temperature and irradiation control
• To choose an appropriate microcontroller and actuators required for sun tracker
of the solar PV system
• To fabricate the prototype of solar PV system with and without sun tracker
• To test the energy generated by the solar PV system with and without sun tracker
at various interval of time

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Components used in the system
1. Arduino microcontroller
2. Servo Motor
3. Solar PV panels
4. WiFi Module
5. Solar charge controller
6. Square hollow MS pipe
7. Rheostat (load)
8. Multimeter

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Simulation of Solar PV

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Simulation of Solar PV
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Voltage (V)
Power
(W) T = 10 Degree
T = 15 Degree
T = 20 Degree
T = 25 Degree
T = 30 Degree
T = 35 Degree
Figure 9: PV curve of Solar PV for varying temperature values

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Simulation of Solar PV
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Voltage (V)
Power
(W)
G = 250 w/m2
G = 500 w/m2
G = 750 w/m2
G = 1000 w/m2
G = 1250 w/m2
G = 1500 w/m2
Figure 10: PV curve of Solar PV for varying irradiation values

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Simulation of Solar PV
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
0
2
4
6
8
10
Voltage (V)
Current
(A)
T= 10 Degree
T= 15 Degree
T= 20 Degree
T= 25 Degree
T= 30 Degree
T= 35 Degree
Figure 11: IV curve of Solar PV for varying temperature values

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Simulation of Solar PV
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
0
5
10
15
Voltage(V)
Current
(I)
G = 250 W/m2
G = 500 W/m2
G = 750 W/m2
G = 1000 W/m2
G = 1250 W/m2
G = 1500 W/m2
Figure 12: IV curve of Solar PV for varying irradiation values

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Solar PV with Sun tracker
Fig.1. Block diagram of Solar PV system with sun tracker

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Solar PV without tracker
Fig.2. Solar PV system without tracker

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CAED diagram of the Solar PV with and
without Sun tracker
Fig .3. CAED diagram of the Solar PV model

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Prototype of the model
Fig.4. Prototype of the model
Stationary PV panel
Rotating PV panel
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Rheostat
Servo motor
Battery and Microcontroller

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Inclination of Solar panels
Fig.5. Position of solar panel at afternoon Fig. 6.Position of solar panel at evening

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Output of PV system without Sun tracker
Table.1 Output of the Solar PV system without Sun tracker

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Output Power graph of Solar PV without Sun
tracker
Graph.1. Output Power graph of Solar PV without tracker

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Output of the PV system with Sun tracker
Table.2 output of the PV system with sun tracker

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Output Power graph of Solar PV with Sun
tracker
Graph.2 Output Power graph of Solar PV with Sun tracker

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Output of the Solar PV with and without Sun
tracker
Table.3 Output of Solar PV system with and without tracker

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Output of the Solar PV with and without Sun
tracker
Graph. 3 Output of the Solar PV with and without Sun tracker

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Conclusion
• The suggested solar system is inspired by the sunflowers
• The proposed system is based on a PV system that is integrated with a servo
motor that can react to the sun’s direction and has a predetermined degrees of
rotation every minute
• Prototype of the fixed solar PV system and a PV system with an open loop control
system for sun tracker has been developed
• Voltage and current generated by the solar PV system has been noted from 12 pm
to 4 pm
• Power developed by the Solar PV system with and without sun tracker has been
tabulated
• The results plotted indicates that, the power generated by solar PV system with
sun tracker is better than the PV system without sun tracker

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References
• S. Rahman, “Green power: what is it and where can we find it?” IEEE Power and
Energy Magazine, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 30-37, 2003
• Rumala, S. S. (1986). Shadow method for automatic tracking. Sol. Energy;(United
Kingdom), 37(3)
• Poulke, V., & Libra, M. (2000). A very simple solar tracker for space and terrestrial
spplications. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cell, 60, 99-103
• Khandelwal, S., Singh, H., & Chaurasia, P. (2014). Experimental Study on the Effect
of Cloud on Solar Photovoltaic Panel in Jaipur (Rajasthan). Inetrnational J. Sci.
Res, 3(10), 2012-2014
• Karimov KhS, Saqib MA, Akhter P, Ahmed MM, Chatthad JA, Yousafzai SA. A simple
photo-voltaic tracking system. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 2005;87:49–59

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THANK YOU

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Torque calculation
F= m*g
Where m = 1kg
g = 9.8Nm
Torque T = r*F
Where r = 0.01m
T = r*m*g
=(0.01*cos(12))*1*9.8
=0.095Nm
Where cos(12)=inclination per hour

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Specification of microcontroller
Microcontroller ATmega328P
Operating voltage 5V
DC current per i/o pin 20 mA
DC current for 3.3v pin 50 mA
Clock speed 16 MHz
Input voltage (limit) 6-20V

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Specification of servo motor
Dimension 40.7mm X 19.7mm X 42.9mm
Stall Torque 9.4 kg-cm (4.8V); 11 kg-cm (6V)
Operating Speed 0.23sec/60degree (4.8V); 0.2sec/60degree (6.0V)
Operating Voltage 4.8V ~ 6.6V
Current Draw at idle 10mA
Stall Current 1.4A
Temperature Range 0℃ - 55℃