Cause and Effect relationship

1. FINALS: CAUSE AND
EFFECT RELATIONSHIP
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2. The most important about reading is
UNDERSTANDING.
We can use strategies to help us understand.
One strategy is identifying cause and effect.
Take a look ate the following pictures.

7. Did you have a reaction to those pictures?
Raise your hand if you said:
“Awwwww” at the puppy
“Ugh” at the blobfish
“Mmmmmmm” at the samgyup
Or laughed at the meme
That reaction was an EFFECT
That was CAUSED by the pictures

8. ✓ Cause and Effect is a strategy that can help you
understand.
✓ Cause and Effect is when one thing makes something
else happen.
✓ Cause and effect is a relationship between events or
things, where one is the result of the other or others.
✓ Cause and effect are intertwined. American poet
Ralph Waldo Emerson said, “Cause and effect are
two sides of one fact.”

9. Did you have a reaction to those pictures?
Raise your hand if you said:
“Awwwww” at the puppy
“Ugh” at the blobfish
“Mmmmmmm” at the samgyup
Or laughed at the meme
That reaction was an EFFECT
That was CAUSED by the pictures

10. ➢ Nothing happens without a reason or without
some kind of consequence.
➢ When you explain WHY things happen and
WHAT occurs when they do, the technique you
use is called cause and effect.
CAUSE is why something happened.
EFFECT is the result of what happened.
Because effects always have causes and causes
always lead to effects, we rarely see one without the
other.

11. ➢ The cause is the first thing that happens.
➢ It makes the second thing (the effect) happen.
➢ The part of the sentence after the word
because is the cause.
Example:
I stayed home from school because I had the
flue.
REMEMBER:
The cause answers that question WHY?

12. UNDERSTANDING CAUSE AND EFFECT
RELATIONSHIP
➢ In some paragraphs, the cause-and-effect
relationship is not directly stated.
➢ In these cases, you have to “read between
the lines”
➢ Use clues from the paragraph to identify
cause and effect relationships.

13. Look for effects that are also causes:
▪ Effects can form chains where one effect goes on to cause a second
effect, which may then cause a third effect and so on.
Example:
When people pollute rivers, they destroy the habitats of fish. This reduces
the number of fish that can reproduce. As a result, fewer fish are born in
fresh water, and the fish population declines.
Cause 1: People pollute rivers.
Effect 1: The habitats of fish are destroyed.
Effect 2: Fewer fish can reproduce.
Effect 3: Fewer fish are born in fresh water.
Effect 4: The fish population declines.

14. UNDERSTANDING CAUSE AND EFFECT
RELATIONSHIP
➢ You use cause and effect every day when you solve
problems and make decisions.
➢ As a result, understanding causes and effects is
extremely important in day-to-day living.
➢ Learning to identify cause and effect relationship
helps you understand what is happening in the
world around you.

15. Clue Words for Cause
These expressions indicate cause –
✓ Because…
✓ Since….
✓ Reason….
✓ So that…
✓ Unless….
✓ The main reason…
Let’s see how this works –
As a result of his bad fall, Professor Green is
wearing bandages and a cast.

16. Helpful Tip:
Try this idea when you are not sure.
When you answer a question that begins with why, try putting
the word because in front of your answer choices. Then read the
choices this way to help figure out the correct answer.
Example:
The crime rate in Mr. Leon’s neighborhood was very high Many
houses had been robbed and cars vandalized. All the neighbors
were upset. The mayor ordered the police to patrol the
neighborhood. Within two weeks, the neighborhood’s crime rate
dropped drastically. Finally, everyone felt safe again.

17. Why did the crime rate drop?
A. All the neighbors were upset.
B. Houses and cars were robbed and vandalized.
C. The mayor called for added police protection.
D. Everyone in the neighborhood felt safe again.
Answer: C.

18. Clue Words for Effect
These expressions indicate effect –
✓ As a result
✓ If
✓ Consequently
✓ Effect
✓ Therefore
✓ Thus

19. Examples of Cause and Effect in Sentences
➢ Cause and effect sentences show a clear, direct relationship between events.
They show how one event or action triggers an outcome. They may also
show how an effect has more than one cause, or a cause has more than one
effect.
➢ Cause and effect sentences can present the cause first and follow it with the
effect, or present the effect first and follow it with the cause.

20. 1. I ate tons of junk food, so now I feel sick.
2. I feel sick because I ate tons of junk food.
These sentences have the same cause and effect presented in a different
order. These sentences share the same meaning and show the same
relationship.
In the next five sentences, determine which comes first, the cause or the
effect.
1. He lied to me, so I ended our relationship.
2. Since I was up all night with my sick child, I’m exhausted this morning.
3. She never gave up on her writing, and now she’s published a book!
4. They could finish the race because they had trained for it so diligently.
5. They gave the restaurant a critical review because their food was burnt to
a crisp.
In the first three sentences, the cause comes first. In sentences four and
five, the effect comes first.

21. Cause and Effect Relationship Examples
Cause and effect relationships exist in just about every subject area.
History
➢ We can see the causes of local, national, or global events, and the
effects of those events. We can ask, “What were the causes of World
War II?” and then “What were the effects of World War II?”
➢ We can examine what caused an economic recession or depression and
the effects of that crisis on society.
➢ In these cases, as with many others, there are multiple causes and
multiple effects.
Science
➢ In 2020, the world was hit with a global pandemic. Scientists saw the
effects of the disease on people’s health and lives and began searching
for the cause of the virus.

22. ➢ As the story goes, Sir Isaac Newton observed an effect, an apple falling
from a tree. This prompted him to seek the cause of that fall—why did the
apple fall down, not sideways or up? His observation of that effect led him
to discover the cause: gravity.
➢ When conducting experiments, scientists perform an action (cause) to see
what will happen as a result (effect).
➢ Most of us probably had to do an experiment with plants in school. We
examined what happened to our two plants (effects) depending on whether
we gave or withheld from them proper light and water (cause).
The Natural World
➢ Nature is full of examples of cause and effect.
➢ Plants grow as a result of the sun’s heat and light.
➢ Bears hibernate so they can conserve energy and won’t require food during
the winter months when food is scarce.
➢ The moon’s gravitational pull causes the ocean’s tides.

23. Story
➢ Narrative stories, both fiction and non-fiction, are often driven
by cause and effect.
➢ In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, Gatsby bases all of his
action on pleasing Daisy because he is obsessed with winning
her love.
Daily Life
➢ Our everyday lives are full of cause and effect experiences.
➢ As a result of studying hard, you aced your test!
➢ You called in sick because you woke up with a fever.
➢ You meet friends for drinks because it’s your birthday.

24. Cause and Effect Words
There are words that signal a cause and effect relationship.
These words can help readers recognize the cause and effect
structure of a passage, making it easier to comprehend content.

25. Signal Words in Cause and Effect Sentences
Observe how the signal words communicate the relationship in these
cause and effect example sentences:
1. As a result of COVID, many high school students couldn’t
experience graduation ceremonies.
2. There was a multi-car accident on the highway, so traffic was at a
standstill.
3. I’ve started eating a much healthier diet. Consequently, I’ve lost
weight and have more energy.
4. Thanks to my caring friends, I recovered from a difficult situation.
5. Since the weather was perfect, we spent the entire day outdoors
6. My partner got his dream job 200 miles away from where we
currently live. As a result, we have to sell the home and move.

26. 7. His financial hardships are due to his careless spending.
8. She campaigned the hardest, therefore she won the vote.
9. The doctor’s optimism is the reason for our positive outlook.
10. Your sister is several years older than you. Accordingly, she has
more responsibility and independence.
TIP:
✓ Observe the sentences that start with cause signal words (As a result, Thanks
to, Since). There are two clauses in those sentences and they are connected by a
comma.
✓ The first clause is dependent meaning that it must be attached to
an independent clause to make sense. When left alone, dependent clauses can
become sentence fragments which are grammatically incorrect.

27. Benefits of using the cause and effect diagram template
Apart from their ability to present information in an
organized way, these diagrams bring in additional benefits
such as:
✓ Improving brainstorming skills
✓ Boosting problem-solving abilities
✓ Displaying the multiple causes of a problem at the same
time
✓ Maintaining team focus on achieving common goals

28. Benefits of using the cause and effect diagram template
Apart from their ability to present information in an
organized way, these diagrams bring in additional benefits
such as:
✓ Improving brainstorming skills
✓ Boosting problem-solving abilities
✓ Displaying the multiple causes of a problem at the same
time
✓ Maintaining team focus on achieving common goals