2. 1
BY: - KIDIST DEMELASH
DATE: - 21-11-2013 e.c
Source: - internet, Neufert-Architects Data and others architectural books.
Content
Page
1- Introduction ………………………………….……………………………..…..….……..1
- Introduction to Residence
2- Types of residence……..…………………………..……………………….…..........…3
- Pitchers
3- Rooms of residence…………………………………………………………….…..…..11
- Rooms namely
- Outdoor space
- Types of circulation
4- Functions of rooms and terminology……….….........................................….17
- Standards of room size
- International standards
- Standards of rooms furniture’s
- Different rooms arrangement
- Standards size of Swimming pool
5- Roofing…..………………………………………………………………………………..….40
- Roofing Style
6- Case study -1…………………………………………………….………………..……....42
- Falling water
7- Case study -2…………………………………………………..……….…………...…..…45
3. 2
- Bailey House
8- Construction drawings symbols….………………………………………………..47
- Pitchers
9- Miscellaneous exercises ……….………………………….……..…………....……..49
- Design For disables person
10- Programming ……………………………..……………………….…….………..52
Introduction
The basics needs of human existences are food, clothing’s & shelter.
From times immemorial man has been making efforts in improving
their standard of living. The point of his efforts has been to provide an
economic and efficient shelter. The possession of shelter besides being
a basic, used, gives a feeling of security, responsibility and shown the
social status of man.
- comfortable and pleasant living requires considered and kept in view.
• A Peaceful environment.
• Safety from all natural source & climate conditions
• General facilities for community of his residential area.
- A residence :- is living or dwelling in a certain place permanently or for a
considerable length of time.
- A house :- is a home, building, or structure that functions as a habitat
for humans or other creatures. The term house includes many kinds of
dwellings ranging from rudimentary huts of nomadic tribes to complex
structures composed of many systems. English-speaking people generally
call any building they routinely occupy "home".
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS:
These building include any building in which sleeping accommodation
provide for normal residential purposes, with or without cooking and
dining facilities. It includes single or multi-family dwellings, apartment
4. 3
houses, lodgings or rooming houses, restaurants, hostels, dormitories
and residential hostels.
- Requirement for residential accommodation are different for different
classes of people & depends on the income &status of the individual a highly
rich family with require a luxurious building, while a poor man we satisfied
with a single room house for even poor class family. A standard residential
building of bungalow type with has drawing room, dining room office room,
guest room, kitchen room, store, pantry, dressing room, bath room, front
verandah, stair etc., for other house the number of rooms may be reduced
according to the requirements of many available.
Types of residence
There are many types of HOUSING such as :-
- A detached house -A semi-detached house
-Terraced houses -Cottages -Bungalows -Block of flats
-A penthouse -A villa -A mansion – häärber
-A country house -A stately home -A townhouse
-A mobile home -Caravan -Stilt houses
-A wigwam -Tepees -An igloo -Houseboats
-A boathouse -A chalet -Tents -Tree houses
-A log cabin -Dormitory -Condominium e.t.c...
1- A detached house
-It is a free-standing residential building.
-Generally found in less dense urban areas, the suburbs of cities, and rural areas.
-Surrounded by a garden.
-Garages can also be found on most lots.
5. 4
A detached house
2- A semi-detached house
-They consist of pairs of houses built side by side as units
-They share a party wall
-Usually each house's layout is a mirror image of its twin
-Symbolic of the suburbanisation of the United Kingdom and Ireland
-This type of housing is a half-way state between terraced and detached houses.
A semi-detached house
3-Terraced houses
-A terrace(d) or row house, is a style of housing in use since the late 17th century.
-A row of identical or mirror-image houses share side walls. The first and last of
these houses is called an end terrace.
6. 5
Terraced house
4- Cottages
-A cottage is a dwelling, typically in a rural (sometimes village), or semi-rural
location. It is usually one and a half storey property.
Cottage
5-Bungalows
• A bungalow is a house which is all on ground level. Traditionally small, but
today it can be quite large.
Bungalows
6-Block of flats
7. 6
-A block of flats (BrE) or an apartment building (AmE) is a multi-unit dwelling
made up of several apartments (US) or flats (UK)
-If the building is a high-rise construction, it is termed a tower block in the UK
Block of flats
7-A penthouse
-A penthouse is a very expnesive apartment on the top floor of the building
-Often occupies the entire floor
-May have a private entrance or lift
-Associated with a luxury lifestyle
A penthouse
8-A villa
-British English a house that you use or rent while you are on holiday
-a big house in the country with a large garden
-an ancient Roman house or farm with land surrounding it
Villa
8. 7
9-A mansion
-A mansion is a very large and stately
dwelling house for the wealthy.
10-A country house
-The English country house is generally
a large house or mansion
-It was a weekend retreat for
aristocrats as well as a full time
residence for some aristocrats
and for the minor gentry (maa-aadel)
-It has at least 25 rooms and at least
8,000 square feet (740 m²) of floor space, including service rooms.
11-A stately home
• These houses became a status symbol for the great families of England.
• Country houses and stately homes are sometimes confused —while a
country house is always in the country, a stately home can also be in a town.
12-A townhouse
• Historically in UK and Ireland, a townhouse (or a "house in town") was a
residence of a peer or member of the aristocracy in the capital or major city.
• Most such figures owned one or more country houses in which they lived
for much of the year.
9. 8
• They moved to town when the Parliament was in session
13-A mobile home
-BrE a large caravan which always stays in the same place and is used as a house
14-Caravan
BrE a vehicle that a car can pull and in which people can live and sleep when they
are on holiday = AmE trailer
15-Stilt houses
• Stilt houses or pile dwellings are houses raised on piles over the surface of
the soil or a body of water.
• Todat stilt houses are still common in parts of South East Asia, Papua New
Guinea and West Africa.
16-A wigwam
It is a single room dwelling used by certain Native American tribes.
17-Tepees
• A tipi (also teepee, tepee) is a conical tent
originally made of animal skins or birch bark
• Popularized by the
American Indians of the Great Plains
• The dwelling was remarkably durable,
and gave warmth and comfort during
harsh winters, it was dry during heavy rains,
and cool during the heat of summers.
- Tepees
18-An igloo
• An igloo, translated sometimes as snowhouse, is a shelter constructed from
blocks of snow, generally in the form of a DOME
10. 9
• Predominantly constructed by people of Canada's Central Arctic and
Greenlands Thule area.
19-Houseboats
-It is a boat that has been designed to be used primarily as a human dwelling.
Some are not motorised, because they are usually kept stationary at a fixed point.
20-A chalet
-A house with a steep sloping roof, common in places
with high mountains and snow, such as Switzerland
21-Tree houses
- A wooden structure built in the branches
of a tree for children to play in .
Tree House
22-Dormitory
-especially BrE a large room for several people to sleep in, for example in a
boarding school or hostel
-AmE a large building at a college or university where students live [= HALL OF
RESIDENCE BrE]
23-Condominium...................e.t.c
- One apartment in a building with several apartments, each of which is
owned by the people living in it.
An igloo Tents
House Type
11. 10
- Determining the type of house (i.e. bungalow, split level, bi-level, two storey, etc.)
to be designed should be a direct result of developing the floor layout as it best relates
to the site. The design process (Stage I - Conceptual Design) accounts for
Characteristics of the land that influence position and orientation of the structure.
If, for example, the site slopes to some degree, it may be advantageous to
Choose one type of house over another, as illustrated.
- It is most convenient to position the main floor as near to ground level as possible.
A split level, for example, adjusts to a sloping lot well, with the main floor
stepped down from the upper level to follow the slope of the lot.
- Bungalow: Single main floor level with ground level entrance. Main advantage
simplest to design and build.
12. 11
- Raised Bungalow: Slightly higher profile than bungalow with greater number of
exterior steps to main floor. Main advantage foundation may be built with larger
basement windows.
- Bilevel Higher profile with two levels. Ground level entrance half way between
floors. Main advantage the exposure of foundation wall above ground allows for
larger windows and a more livable lower level.
- Split Level Two adjacent but offset floor levels above ground.
Main advantage allows separation of living and working areas from sleeping area.
13. 12
- Storey and One Half Ground level main floor entry with steep pitched roof
allowing partial development of attic. Main advantage attic floor level
development at minimal extra cost.
Rooms of residence :- There are many rooms in a residence such as:-
-Living Room -Dining Room -Family Room –Kitchen Room
-Master Bed Room –C.H Bed Room -Guest Bed Room -Mad’s Bed Room
-Dressing Room - Bathroom -Shower Room -Hand Wash -Half Bath
-Den or Office –Bar room -store -laundry
-Study Room -Pray Room -Play Room - GYM room
-Garage - Garage Store -Balcony -Terrace
-Utility rooms and e.t.c… are rooms of residence.
- Out door space
-Swimming area out or in door space -Green Area -Parking out or in door
space - mini kitchen - Outside lounge
-Play Area -Greenery Area - Garden House and e.t.c…
Circulation There are two types of circulation vertical circulation and horizontal
circulation.
-Vertical Circulation
14. 13
- There should be at least one route that does not have stairs to each accessible space in
a building. In new construction, this is usually not difficult to accomplish because the
location of entrances, such as:-
-Elevators, - Ramps -Stairways -Structural elements, mechanical
systems, and exterior grade elevations can be adjusted.
-Horizontal Circulation
- The design of horizontal circulation frequently determines the basic shape and character
of the entire structure. such as:-
-Corridor - Lobby -Hall -Verandah -Porch and e.t.c…
15. 14
-Circulation Spaces Corridors, aisles and other similar space required for occupants to access means of
egress and all other functions
- Minimum corridor size is 90cm but the standard size is 1.2m
- Minimum veranda size is 1m but the standard size is 2m
21. 20
Functions of rooms and terminology
- Standards of room size
- International standards
- Standards of rooms furniture’s
- Different rooms arrangement
- All standards reference
- In a residence rooms have their own function and terminologies.
-Living Room A room in a house for general and informal everyday use.
sitting room, lounge, parlous, front room, drawing room, room, reception, salon, family
room.
Function of living room
The living room has many purposes. Here are some of them:
- Have a relaxed one-to-one conversation with your partner
- Hold a get-together with friends
- Sit and read quietly
- Watch television or a video
- Listen to music
- Pursue a hobby (such as jigsaws)
- Children’s playroom
Standard of living room size
- Minimum Area = 24m2
- Minimum Width = 3m
- Minimum Door Size = 90cm
- Minimum Window Area = 1/10th floor area
- Maximum Window Sill Height = 0.90 cm
- Require View and South Side Exposure
- Should be at the front of a house and accessible from the front door
Residential Rooms Special Requirements
- Living Room
- Open both to the members of the family and visitors
- Located near the main entrance of the house
22. 21
- Location of Living Room Door should allow direct access to living room as soon as we
enter into the house
-Oriented the living room to capture the best view from the site
- Have big windows (French window) facing the main street
- The location of the room should not allow view to private spaces like Kitchen, Bed Rms,
Bath Rms etc
-The location of doors in living room should not allow cross circulation
- South exposure is preferable
- Light interior color is preferable
24. 23
- Family Room a living room used by all family members for recreation and
relaxation.
Function of Family room
- Have a relaxed one-to-one conversation with your Family.
- Watch television or a video
- Listen to music with family
Residential Rooms Special Requirements
- Family Room
- Open only to the members of the family
- Located at back (private) part of the house
-Oriented the Family Rm to capture the best view from the site
- Adjacent to living and dining room
- Dining room a room in a house or hotel in which meals are eaten.
Function of Dining room :-Only for meals are eaten.
Standard of Dining room size
- Minimum Area = 12m2
- Minimum Width = 3m
- Minimum Door Size = 90cm
- Minimum Window Area = 1/10th floor area
- Maximum Window Sill Height = 0.90 cm
- Require View and South or East Side Exposure
- Should be adjacent to Kitchen and Living Rooms
Residential Rooms Special Requirements
- Dining Room
- - Open both to the members of the family and visitors
- - Located adjacent to Kitchen and Living Rm
- - There should be swinging door from Kitchen to Dining Room
- -Oriented the Dining Rm to capture the best view from the site
- - Have windows facing east direction
Furniture and fittings data Dining room
26. 25
-Kitchen Room a room or area where food is prepared and cooked.
Function of Kitchen room
- prepared and cooked area
Standard of Kitchen room size
-Minimum Area = 6m2
- Minimum Width = 1.8m
- Minimum Door Size = 90cm
- Should be at the back of a house adjacent to dining room
- Orient to north side ( cooler side) & kitchen yard
- Minimum Window area should be 15% of floor area
- Perimeter of work triangle should be between 3.6m to 6m
Residential Rooms Special Requirements
- Kitchen
27. 26
- Eastern aspects to admit morning sun to refresh & purity the air.
- North or East exposure is preferable
- Should be located at the back of the house
- Easy and direct access from kitchen to garage is important
- Kitchen should be next to Dining and Utility Rooms
- Natural light and ventilation is important
Furniture and fittings data Kitchen room
31. 30
- Master Bed Room the principal bedroom in a house; usually occupied by the
head of the household.
Function of Master Bed Room bedchamber, bedroom, accommodation,
sleeping, Chamber - a room used primarily for sleeping.
Standard of Master Bed Room size
- Minimum Area = 12m2
- Minimum Width = 2.7m
- Minimum Door Size = 90cm
- Minimum Window Area = 1/10th floor area
- Maximum Window Sill Height = 0.90 cm
- Require View and East Side (morning sun) Exposure
- Should be at the quiet part of the site preferably on upper floors
Residential Rooms Special Requirements
- Bed Room
- Private spaces and requires quietness
- East exposure is best and south exposure is preferable
- Bed rooms should be located near bath room
- Light to medium interior color is preferable
-Child bed room Child bed room is a room for sleeping for children in.
-It is bedrooms for kids of all ages and genders of the head of the household child.
-guest bed room makes guests feel welcome and comfortable, even though they
may be far from home.
- Isolated Room with attached bathroom.
- located in such a way that it gets privacy.
-mad’s bed room is a female servant who works in house bed room.
34. 33
-Dressing Room Dressing room (also often referred to as virtual fitting room and virtual
changing room although they do, on examination, perform different functions)
36. 35
-bath room is a room for personal hygiene, generally containing a bathtub or a
shower, and possibly also a bidet.
• Bath Room
- Minimum Area= 4m2
- Minimum Width = 1.5m
- Minimum Door Size = 70cm
- Bath Rooms should be adjacent to bed rooms
- Minimum Window height is 1.5m
- Up to 1.5m height interior walls should be covered with ceramic tile
• Half Bath Room
- For visitors and contain WC and HWB
- Minimum Area = 2.5m2
- Minimum Width = 1.5m
- Minimum Door Size = 70cm
- Should be near living & dining room
- Minimum Window height is 1.5m
- Up to 1.5m height interior walls should be covered with ceramic tile
• Residential Rooms Special Requirements
- Bath Room
- locate in the private part of the house
- avoid direct view from living room to bath room door
- Natural ventilation and light is important.
Furniture and fittings data Bath room
40. 39
Car Port/ Garage a building for housing a motor vehicle or vehicles.
-Minimum Area = 15m2
- Minimum Width = 3m
- Minimum Length = 5cm
- Should be at the front of a house and accessible from the main gate
• Residential Rooms Special Requirements
- Garage
- Easily accessible from main gate
- Easy access from garage to main entrance and kitchen
42. 41
Study Room:- is a room in a house which is used for paperwork, computer work, or reading.
43. 42
- Office/Den set of rooms, or building used as a place of business for non-manual work.
- Den is private office where the parents work at night
- Office is open for customer
- Den should be located in private space adjacent to master bed rm.
- Office should be located near main entrance.
53. 52
Case study -1 :- Falling water
Architecture of Falling water
What is Architecture?
The word architecture has two meanings. Architecture is:
1. The activity of designing and planning buildings
2. The style of a building Every building is built for a reason. Some buildings are meant to be
lived in, while others are built to be businesses, schools, palaces, and more! We can learn a lot
when we look closely at buildings, especially about the people who built or lived in them, how
they were built, and what they were used for. Buildings come in all shapes, sizes, and materials.
Some buildings are so beautiful or interesting, they become famous!
Falling water :-Fallingwater is the name of a very special house that is built over a waterfall.
Frank Lloyd Wright, America’s most famous architect, designed the house for his clients, the
Kaufmann family. Fallingwater was built between 1936 and 1939. It instantly became famous,
and today it is a National Historic Landmark.
BUILDING MATERAL
54. 53
- Wright used only 4 materials to build Falling water they are:-
1- Sandstone
2- reinforced concrete
3- steel
4- glass
Falling water Challenge
Wright used a semi-circle to
allow a tree to grow through
the trellis near Falling water’s front door.
57. 56
Case study -2 :- Bailey House
Architect - Pierre Koenig
Location - Los Angeles, California map
Date - 1956 to 1958 timeline
Building Type - house
Construction System - steel frame and flat roof deck
Climate - hot, dry
Context – suburban
Style - Modern
Notes - Bailey House, a Case Study House. Simple and frank use of industrial construction
techniques to elegant effect.
Drawing
Drawing
Plan Drawing
58. 57
Site Plan Drawing
Bailey House, Case Study House
"...The site for CSH #21 is a level building pad in the hills with a sweeping view to the south. The orientation of
glazed walls is north and south, with solid walls on the east and west. The basic design element of the plan is an
island core of division between the living area and the two bedrooms. By disengaging the baths from the
exterior walls and facing them onto a court, the curtain walls were simplified.
"The house, surrounded completely by pools, introduces a new concept in making water an integral structure
and landscape element. Brick terraces, spanning the pools, lead to the living areas, and the terraces add another
plane and texture to the interplay between water and structure. During the hot months the water is pumped
hydraulically from the pool to the roof gutter to fall through the scuppers and circulate and aerate the pool.
"The house is a series of 10- by 22-foot bays 9 feet high; each frame is composed of an 8-inch I-beam, floor
channel and three 4-inch wide flange columns. The frames were shop- fabricated and delivered to the site in one
piece. The two exterior bays came shop-equipped with a 4-inch channel which tied into the columns at sill
height..."
The Creator's Words
"Industry has not learned the difference between what is beautiful in its simplicity and what is ugly although
equally simple...."
"The pressure is so great that the architect is a captive. He functions best as a free agent."
—Pierre Koenig. from Esther McCoy. Case Study Houses 1945-1962. p118.
Details
9036 Wonderland Park Avenue, Los Angeles
Size of lot: 110 by 160 feet
area of house: 1320 square feet
one story; 4 rooms: living room, kitchen, 2 bedrooms, 2 baths
material: steel decking, steel
