This presentation covers the Urban Planning stages of Bhubaneswar, one of India's first modern cities along with Jamshedpur and Chandigarh. This city, the current capital of the coastal state of Odisha, was planned the German architect and urban planner, Otto Konigsberger, who also happens to be the author of 'Manual of Tropical Housing and Building.'
2. About Bhubaneshwar
• Bhubaneswar is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Odisha. Along
with the old town, the region historically was often depicted as Ekamra
Kshetra (Temple City).
• Although the modern city of Bhubaneswar was formally established in 1948,
the history of the areas in and around the present-day city can be traced to the
7th century BCE and earlier. It is a confluence of
Hindu, Buddhism and Jain heritage boasting of some of the finest Kalingan
temples.
• With many 6th-13th century CE Hindu temples, which span the entire spectrum
of Kalinga architecture, Bhubaneswar is often referred to as a "Temple City of
India".
• With Puri and Konark it forms the 'Swarna Tribhuja' ("Golden Triangle"), one of
eastern India's most visited destinations.
• Bhubaneswar replaced Cuttack as the capital on 19 August 1949, 2 years
after India gained its independence from Britain.
• The modern city was designed by the German architect Otto Königsberger in
1946.
• Along with Jamshedpur and Chandigarh, it was one of modern India's first
planned cities.
• A categorised tier-2 city, it is one of the fastest developing cities in the nation
with emerging information technology and educational hubs.
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3. Shifting of capital from Cuttack
• The question of a new capital for Odisha was linked with Odisha’s
movement for a separate province. Though Cuttack, the
headquarters of Odisha region was the centre of all cultural and
political activities, it was found to be insufficient and congested for a
provincial capital because of its location between the Mahanadhi and
Kathjodi rivers.
• In 1933, the Odisha Administrative Committee recommended the
retention of the provincial capital of Cuttack. After the creation of the
separate province, for various reasons, the question of an alternative
capital site was raised.
• In 1936, a team of experts, appointed by the Central Public Works
Department, which was headed by an engineer named F T Jones
suggested Rangailunda, a place near Berhampur town to be the site
for the capital.
• The post-war reconstruction committee proposed Bhubaneswar as
the ideal site for capital because of its rich history, availability of space
and geographical propinquity to Cuttack. The Public Works
Department also reported in favour of Bhubaneswar on 14 April, 1945
by stating:”…expansion of Cuttack… does not appear very
promising…and it appears that going to Bhubaneswar for further
expansion may be the best solution.”
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4. Site
Selection
NEW CAPITAL
• The site for the New Capital was selected after careful
consideration.
• It has the advantage of lying on the border between the fertile
delta land and the hilly forest areas of Odisha. It has the natural
advantage with regard to drainage.
• The ground slopes from West to East and is divided into two parts
intersected by the railway line.
• The western part is high land with laterite soil that permits the
growth of forest and the eastern part is low with alluvial soil
suitable for agriculture.
• The velocity of wind is maximum in Summer.
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5. Stages of growth of
Bhubaneshwar
The following stages have affected the structure of the city:
Upto
1948
The Temple
Town
1948-
1956
The “New
Capital”
1956-
1976
Growth of
Institutions
1976
onwards
Developmen
ts in
Organized
Sector
Present
The Present
Bhubaneswa
r
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• Each of the mentioned stages of growth has left a distinct mark on the
city’s profile.
• Activities that set the front of developments during the phases and problems
in each are discussed.
6. Old town &
New townThe city as two distinct divisions: the Old
Town and the New Capital.
• The Old Town is characterized by mixed land-use
which is a usual phenomenon with all ancient
towns and cities of India. It contains splendid
specimens of Kalinga architecture spanning some
twenty five centuries of history, depicting the grace,
the joy and the rhythm of life in all its wondrous
variety.
• The New Capital, the foundation of which was laid
in 1948, was started with a portion of a reserved
forest as nucleus. It has now become a city which
has been built expending crores of rupees. This
part is planned administrative town with broad
avenues, self-contained residential units, modern
buildings and institutions. Thus Bhubaneswar
offers an opportunity to behold centuries-old art
and architecture, side-by-side modern massive
buildings and institutions.
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7. Old/Temple Town :
till 1948
NEW CAPITAL
• The old temple town had been the seat of a continuous
culture of about 2,500 years.
• It covers an area of 510 ha and comprises of 4 villages
namely Kapil Prasad, Bhubaneswar, Goutam Nagar and
Rajarani.
• The old city is featured by conglomeration of temples,
monuments, mandaps, heritage ponds etc.
• Initially, the old city had 1000 temples and at present, the
total temples are limited to 320.
• Majority of the existing temples are deteriorating rapidly
and the precious stone carvings are also in damaged
condition.
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8. Old/Temple Town -
Observations1. The temple town of Bhubaneswar presents a mixed land use pattern
with a congregation of residential, commercial, industrial and
institutional uses in a single locality.
2. Ribbonated development along major roads is prevalent with
complete lack of planning.
3. Inadequate road network system, results in traffic congestion in
almost all roads of the old city. Moreover, inadequate parking space
for vehicles also adds to the above problem. The roads are very often
narrow with little possibility of widening as building have been
constructed on either side leaving vast open lands behind.
4. The open spaces are vacant and very often inaccessible. The
interstices which were vacant till recently and could have been
planned for land-scaping around the temple/monuments are fast
getting filling up as a result of pressure of population on land.
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9. Old/Temple Town -
Observations
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5. Due to pressure of development, these finest architectural
and sculptural elements are slowly dominated by modern
development and the same is gradually reducing its
importance.
6. Due to lack of drainage and sewerage system the water of the
religious tanks are being polluted with inflow of drainage and
sewerage system. The solid waste generated in the area are also
posing environmental problem.
7. Due to population pressure, construction is being undertaken
close to the temples and has caused loss of visibility and skyline
of this temple city.
8. Most of the temples are in the process of deterioration with
no efforts of revival being taken.
9. Availability of tourist facilities is also poor. The area needs
high standard sanitation for the tourist and the people visiting
the temple complexes.
10. Planning of New Capital
The modern city of Bhubaneswar was designed by the
German architect Otto H.Konigsberger in 1946. The city is
geographically located near the Mahanadi river which forms
the northern boundary of the city. The city was assigned as
the state capital in 1956. Due to various natural calamities,
the city underwent huge damage to buildings and
infrastructure and it led to a new city plan which was
proposed in 1946.
The planning concept adopted to design the city was
‘NEIGHBORHOOD UNIT PLANNING’. Konigsberger
designed a linear pattern for the city, which had main
administrative bodies in the main artery, and the
neighborhood units were attached to it. Initially, the city
plan was designed for population of 40,000, with 5000- 6000
in a neighborhood.
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11. Planned Capital City -
Requirements• A unique local identity and a sense of place.
• Clean natural environment including water and air.
• Regular blocks divided into uniform plots.
• Straight streets intersecting at right angles.
• Rectilinear plots according to predetermined units of measurement. (Symmetrical layout/ Grid planning)
• Administrative and Government offices planned to be in one unit of space.
• ‘Capital Complex’ consisting of Secretariat, Legislative Assembly, High Court, Raj Bhavan, MLA Quarters,
Ministers Quarters etc.
• Commercial Complex
• Open, accessible and well-kept public spaces and parks.
• Institutional buildings like hospitals and schools.
• Open grounds for meetings.
• Green belts and water bodies to make the space eco-friendly.
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12. Konigsberger’s Vision
• Koenigsberger viewed the city as an autonomous body,
having its own law and jurisdiction, political jurisdiction, right
of self-determination and an organised sense of communal
relationship along secular lines.
• In spite of secular intentions and attitude towards
Bhubaneswar, the temple town and the capital city exerted
an influence on each other to establish their dominance.
• Koenigsberger hoped to reconcile this conflict between
rationalism and symbolism; between the new town and the
temple, by using neighbourhood units as the basic building
blocks.
• This is because, if the neighbourhood units were healthy,
harmonious and autonomous, the life of the city as a whole
would be healthier.
• Such a neighbourhood had to be self-contained and close to
nature.
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13. Konigsberger’s Plan
• The city was divided into small manageable neighbourhood units to preserve
the sense of community that existed in the old town.
• The rural character of the old town was reflected in the new plan, but within
systematically laid out grids of neighbourhood units, because, Koenigsberger
believed that a village-like neighbourhood was likely to make Indians feel
more comfortable with their civic responsibilities than a large “amorphous”
city.
• To avoid class and caste distinctions in segregated neighbourhoods, a
cross-section of population from various social and professional groups
in good proportion formed the neighbourhood units.
• As an egalitarian approach, mixed neighbourhoods of private citizens and
government employees were suggested in the Master Plan.
• But the housing pattern in the city was graded in eight types of
three social groups: upper, middle and lower.
• This type of distinction was made in terms of the amount of land, the grouping
of units in two or four family structures, and so on.
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14. Konigsberger’s Plan
• Covering roughly an area of 150 acres, each neighbourhood had several open
spaces evenly distributed, with houses around them to form courts instead of
one central, large open space.
• This pattern exists even today in most of the core areas of the city. But
many of these open spaces wait to be developed as useable green areas
for recreation .
• The pattern of the neighbourhood and the carved out open space within,
form a system of differentiation and stratification of spatial shape and generate
the pattern of social life.
• Most of the neighbourhoods in the city are compact with low-rise housing
and small pockets of open spaces left apart for parks and playgrounds.
• These spaces are mostly vacant patches surrounded by
the neighbourhood street and overlooked by rows of dwelling units.
• The sizes of the open spaces range from 0.5 acres to 5 acres.
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15. New Capital :1948 - 1956
• The plan envisaged horizontal development rather than
vertical growth of the city with administration as the primary
function.
• Accordingly, six units were developed with Unit V for
location of the administrative complex and other units were
planned on neighborhood principles for housing.
• The town centre consisted of the market building, weekly
market, daily market and bus station with a central vista
leading upto Raj Bhawan and a commercial zone along
Janpath and Bapuji Nagar upto Railway Station.
• Subsequently, bypass of National Highway was provided to
segregate the local traffic from the region. Later on several
residential units were added to accommodate the growing
population of the city.
• The town was built between 1948 to 1961 at a respectful
distance from the temple town with no conscious steps
taken to preserve the individual identities of each. The city
grew fast and the intervening areas were filled up quickly.
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16. New Capital :1948-1956
• The neighbourhood units had all the major amenities.
• It had a clear social agenda in accordance with Nehru’s policies:
neither cast nor socio-economic were to exist whereas gender
equality and education were to be stressed.
• By 1961, the town had reached a population of 40,000. The plan was
revised by Julius Vaz to accommodate 11 neighbourhood units instead
of 4 units.
• Nehru did not want Bhubaneswar to become a “city of big buildings.”
It would accord with the idea of reducing differences between the rich
and the poor.
• Design of the New Capital is based on a system of neighbourhood
units which means a group of houses, large enough to afford the
major amenities of urban life like schools, dispensaries, shopping
centres, entertainment centres and public libraries, but at the same
time small enough to keep all these amenities at short distances, so
the main advantage of rural life can also be preserved.
• A total area of 231 acres has been allotted for Industrial Estates.
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17. New Capital : 1948-1956
• Today the “New Capital” presents a sharp contrast with distinct areas
earmarked for residential, commercial, institutional and such other uses.
It comprised of 6 units namely: Units – I, II, III, IV, V and VI.
• To avoid boredom and uniformity, the neighbourhood units are designed
individually with the object of giving it a distinct character.
• In contrast to the Old Town, the land under different uses are
segregated from each other so that the foul smell, smoke or dust of an
industry does not affect the residential areas nor the crowd and noise of
a commercial area affect the silence and solemnity of an administrative
or educational area.
OBSERVATIONS
1. There is a total absence of provision of areas for a number of urban
activities such as industrial, institutional etc. which were not envisaged then.
2. With an absence of economy in allotting land for different uses, the
development spread over large areas with even residential quarters allotted
in much larger areas than was necessary.
3. Such a sparse development pattern resulted in much lower density of
population than was desirable and involved higher unit cost of infrastructure
development.
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18. Principles of Planning
The main aim of the planning was to create
a community of housing and the required
amenities placed in closer proximity such
that the travel distance is less. To break the
monotonous character of each community,
they were to be possessed with a distinct
character.
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21. Principles of Planning
Along with the planning principles, Konigsberger also
mentioned about the seven types of roads,
1. Footways
2. Cycle paths
3. Parkways
4. Arterial Road
5. Major unit road
6. Major housing street
7. Minor housing street.
These were designed for seven types of users for seven
different locations.
The overall widths of land earmarked for roads were not
determined by traffic alone but also by requirements for
storm water drainage services like overhead electric
lines, telephone lines, water pipes and the need for
adequate light and air to the adjoining houses. The
overall widths, therefore, was dependent on the height
of the houses on both sides.
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22. Principles of Planning
Four categories of roads have been adopted for the city viz.
(a) Arterial Road,
(b) Major Unit Road,
(c) Major Housing Street and
(d) Minor Housing street.
The Arterial roads are 200 feet (60.9600 metres) in width with
earthen flanks or foot-path of 10 feet (3.0480 metres) on each side
and provided with drains and plantations. Rajpath, Janpath, Gandhi
Marga, Sachivalaya Marga, and Udyana Marga come under this
category.
The Major Unit Roads are 150 feet (45.7200 metres) in width with
earthen flanks, drains and plantations on each side. Ekamra Marga,
Lewis Road, Gopabandhu Marga, Bhubaneswar Marga,
Vivekananda Marga, Bidyt Marga and Puri Marga are under this
category.
The Major Housing Streets are the roads which collect the internal
traffic of housing units and transmit to the major and arterial roads.
The width of such roads is 100 feet (30.4800 metres) provided with
earthen flanks and drains.
The width of Minor Housing Streets varies between 30 feet (9.1440
metres) to 40 feet (12.1920 metres) depending upon the importance
of the locality.
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23. Important Buildings – New Capital
Few notable buildings in the New Capital are as follows:
• The Raj Bhawan (Governor’s House)
• The Orissa Secretariat
• The Orissa Legislative Assembly
• The Orissa State Museum
• The multi-storied Heads of Departments
• The Industrial Development and Infrastructure Corporation Ltd.,
• The Orissa State Housing Board
• The Rabindra Mandap
• The Orissa State Archives
• The University of Agriculture and Technology
• Tribal Research Bureau, State Forensic Laboratory
• Regional Research Institute (Ayurveda)
• The Central Market
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24. Growth of Institutions :1956-1976
• During 1956-76, major administrative activities like Secretariat, Heads of
Departments and similar government offices came up in Bhubaneswar.
• The salubrious climate, availability of suitable land attracted a number of
state level and regional institutions such as Vani Vihar, Sainik School, the
Regional Research Laboratory, the Orissa University of Agriculture and
Technology, the Government Press, the Institute of Physics and several
industrial units like C.R. Factory, OMFED Chilling Plant, the Industrial
Estate at Bomikhal and subsequently at Pandara were also established.
• Also with the growth of population the need for developing residential
areas both in private and organized sectors led to developments of Sahid
Nagar (Unit – II), Satya Nagar (Unit – X), Surya Nagar (Unit – VII), Acharya
Vihar and Lewis Road Housing Colony (Jayadev Nagar).
OBSERVATIONS
• In location of these institutions, the perspective growth of some of the
major functions of the city, and the inter-relationship among the
different city functions do not seem to have been considered.
• Much larger areas have been allotted to some of the institutions than
was necessary.
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25. Development in Organized Sector
(1976-)• Constitution of the Bhubaneswar Regional Improvement Trust (BRIT) in 1976
and subsequently the Bhubaneswar Development Authority (BDA) in 1983
and the role of institutional finance for mass housing in the organized sector
appears to be landmark in this phase of city’s growth.
• The following major schemes and multistoried buildings were executed
during the period:
i. Housing Board Colony, VSS Nagar
ii. BRIT Colony, Laxmisagar
iii. BRIT Colony, Nayapalli
iv. BRIT Colony, Baragarh
v. Chandrasekharpur Improvement Scheme
vi. GGP Housing Colony
vii. Palaspalli Duplex Complex
viii. Housing Board Colony at Kapilprasad
ix. Housing Board Colony at Baramunda
x. Housing Board Building
xi. IDCO Tower
xii. CRP Market
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26. Development in Organized Sector
(1976-)• In all such cases, economy of space and cost had influenced the structure
as well as their immediate environment.
• Shortage of government land and economy of scale contributed to
construction of multistoried flats at Chandrasekharpur and buildings like
IDCO tower, Housing Board Building, IPICOL Building etc. This phase also
witnessed construction of number of market complexes like BRIT
market, Municipal market and Housing Board markets and Municipal
Market at Old Town.
• In all such constructions the availability of institutional finance and
demand for office/commercial space have played a key role towards a
balance of space, economy and design.
• Although articulate and organized, these developments in the organized
sector have followed the availability of government land.
• While inducing the pace of growth in the nearby areas in private holdings,
the execution of housing schemes have not succeeded in articulating the
development in such areas in desired manner.
• Many of the housing schemes in the organized sector are subsidized in
terms of cost of roads, open space and infrastructure but in the nearby
private areas cost of infrastructure is charged to the individual
development leading to inadequacy of roads, open spaces and other
infrastructure.
• A disparity in quality of environment prevails in many of the private areas
adjoining the housing scheme areas executed in the organized sector.
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27. Comprehensive Development P
lan- 1993Due to the increasing population and the changing socio- economic
status of the city, the Master Plan of 1968 was re-examined,
evaluated and modified and in 1993, an improved Comprehensive
Development Plan prepared by Bhubaneswar Development
Authority came into force.
• The C.D.P. for Bhubaneswar was proposed to be perspective plan
with a time horizon of 1988-2001, specifying the various land use
zones with a set up zoning regulations for regulating all the
development in zones.
The specific objective for the preparation of the Comprehensive
Development Plan are given below:
• To develop an urban environment capable of sustaining a
population of 10 lakhs with facilities and services by 2001.
• To promote a more dynamic growth of the economy with
increased production of goods and services, with increased
employment opportunities and to enable to capital city to play its
role of the effectively as the centre of administration, institutions and
tourism for the reason with the state of Odisha while retaining its
traditions as the temple city.
• To enable the development authority for a sustained development
planning and effective plan implementation.
• To ensure effective coordination amongst various agencies that has
Bhubaneswar Development Authority, Bhubaneswar Municipal
Corporation, Semi-Government/Private Agencies and Citizens in the
process of development of the capital city through effective
mobilization of resources and leadership.
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28. City Development P lan- 1993
• The CDP recommended the provision and proper distribution of the open
spaces in the city.
• Although different categories of open spaces were identified and earmarked for the
city, there were no clear guidelines for the provision of these spaces as per certain
standard norms.
• The distribution of open spaces in different categories was recommended.
• Different types of open spaces that existed in the city and considered under the land
use zoning for open space are:
1. Archaeological landscaped gardens and open spaces around monuments
2. Neighbourhood level open space within residential areas
3. City level parks, play grounds, stadium and exhibition grounds
4. Woodlands and forests
5. Plantation along arterial roads, drainage channels and lakes
• The open space use zone included all recreational uses of open areas such as
parks, playgrounds, parkways, picnic spots and stadium.
• The land use in the proposed green belt zone around the city consisted of hamlets,
vacant land, agricultural land, canals, other water bodies and existing villages.
• The green belt concept aimed at creating a green buffer to check uncontrolled
expansion of the city.
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30. The City Today
Among other planned cities of Chandigarh and Jamshedpur,
Bhubaneshwar has experienced a decent growth rate all these years.
It has successfully capitalized both the tangible and intangible
elements of a city.
Urban sprawl has led to the expansion of the city at a much higher
rate, Bhubaneshwar – a well-planned city must follow certain rules to
maintain the design of the plan. It is also a tourist place that adds
further importance to hold the accommodation of people from other
states.
The city is also well known for its creative artisans who are skilled in
works such as stone -inlay, wood carving, bamboo articles, textile
painting which needs much more guidance as they have good scope
to develop because of the tourism.
In the current scenario, it is important to both follow the planning
aspects of the city as well as accommodate enough space for the
visitors. Since the city has an economic attraction it is experiencing
problems relating to limitation of space, on-street
loading/unloading, heterogeneous traffic, idle parking etc.
The development of new buildings has led to the demolition of
various temples in the city. These can be avoided if the functions and
buildings are located in a place destined for them.
Newer additions can be planned in the new capital region of the city,
such that it does not have much impact on the old town of temples.
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31. Current Growth Directions
• The city which was planned originally for 40, 000 people with an area of
1684 Ha of land was accommodating about 7 lakhs people with an area of
about 135 sq km in 2001. The shape of the present city has assumed nearly
a rectangular form which shows the signs of development of the town on
a vast unutilized undulating plateau.
• The city has extended in seven different directions during the last few
decades by engulfing the fringe villages. This extension has got varied
length and dimensions from the core of the original town, which has been
supposed to lie at the Lingaraj temple area.
• From the centre of growth of the original temple town, the present town
has extended maximum towards north i.e. about 22.5 km towards village
Patia. Its extension towards north-west is about 14.5 km, west is 11 km,
south-west 8 km, south 6.5 km and east 9.5 km.
• Virtually it has no growth towards south-east due to the location of the
flood plains of Kuakhai and Daya River. Presently the city has been
extended upto the Chandershekharpur in the north and beyond Daya West
Canal in the south. In the east, the development is confined to the Daya
West Canal. In the west, the city has expended well beyond the khandagiri
Junction. The land between Daya west Canal and the Kuakhai is put to the
agricultural use, which is rapidly being put to Brick kiln.
• The present township of Bhubaneswar sprawls over 233 sq. km.
comprising of total number of 2312 revenue villages. The shape of the city
is almost dumble shape. Its boundary in the south, southeast and east are
somewhat irregular.
• The jurisdiction of the Bhubaneswar Urban Area is under the Bhubaneswar
Development Authority (BDA).
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32. The City Today
Presently, the Bhubaneswar Urban area under the Municipal
Corporation has 60 wards, as per Census 2011 (47 wards till 2010) covering
an area of 148.01 km². The city is divided into municipal wards,
which are smaller administrative units for better city management. The
population density of the city works out to about 4444 person per km² inside
the municipal area of 148.10 km², as per the 2001 census. As per population
projections, the present population density works out to 7292 person per km².
The city has been functioning as an administrative unit with
sustained growth in tertiary economic activities like, trade and commerce,
tourism related activities, and to some extent industrial activities. From the
composition of the workforce, it is observed that more than 90% are engaged
in the service sector in administrative government jobs, transport and
communication, trade and commerce, and other categories of services; this
has increased to 95.67% during 2001. From these statistics it can well be
concluded, that functionally, the city is a centre of administrative and service
sector activities.
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33. Present
Land use
The present land use is confined within the
Municipal area of the city, which is about
140sq.km.
49.61
%Residential
4.08%Administrative
3.64%Commercial
10.93
%Institutional
6.23%Industrial
29.67
%Open space
40%
3%
5%3%
9%
24%
16%
Residential Commercial Industrial Administrative
Institutional Open space Water bodies
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Water bodies
19.09
%
34. Observations on Planned
DevelopmentHaving planned development is an important aspect for Bhubaneswar for ensuring tourism and protection of the monuments.
Lack of planning, congestion, encroachments and deteriorated environmental conditions are predominantly visible in the city.
Even activities/functions with high potential for economy generation have been poorly planned and managed. In spite of its
eminent and rich heritage, and growing environmental problems, not much effort has been put in for better planning of the city.
i. The development in Bhubaneswar even today is based on the Master Plan prepared in 1968. The approach of the master plan
lacks inputs on the environmental considerations. The environmental requirements of the city to suit to its functions, as a
tourist city and a centre for trade & commerce were not well reflected in the plan.
ii. There are many areas with prominent monuments such as Lingaraj, Rajarani, Mukteswar and Dhauli having high tourism
potential but have been neglected. The areas surrounding these monuments are in a very bad condition. All these monuments
being located mostly in Old Town Area and there is a possibility of developing them into a tourism or heritage corridor.
iii. The city although has a number of craftsmen with skills in stone-inlay, appliqué work, wood carving, brassware, horn work,
bamboo articles, silver filigree works, textiles, painting etc. Hardly these activities are organised and emphasized. These
activities have tremendous tourism potential and provide employment opportunity to the local people if are properly
organised.
iv. A number of slums have come up with housing about 30% of the city’s population.
v. The city is found to be growing on the Kolkata-Chennai Corridor and the Cuttack-Puri corridor all along the national
highway.
vi. The road network and further developmental activities are not properly planned.
vii. The open spaces, parks, recreational areas are inadequate and not properly organized in the city. They, especially the green
belts/plantation, are to be planned to cater to environmental functions including microclimate control, pollution control
(SPM) and improvement of aesthetics.
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35. Observations on Planned
Developmentviii. A number of incompatible landuse are found within the city that needs to be relocated.
ix. The traffic and transportation system is inadequate.
a. The present transportation network is inadequate to take the load of existing traffic.
b. The access to the monuments is poor.
c. There is 1 bus terminus near Baramunda Bus Stand, which bring in not only the tourists but also the local passengers. This is
creating a lot of additional traffic leading to congestion of the area. There is also one old Bus Stand near to Unit-I market where the
city town buses used to come for inter city movement.
d. The NH-5 from Phulnakhra Square to Chennai goes through the city and meets most of the traffic intersection points and NH-
203 starts from Rasulgarh and finally leads to Puri.
e. There is no proper access road from the railway station to the monuments but there is always traffic congestion during the peak
areas.
f. For the inter-city movement, the road network is well defined. But poor land use planning has resulted in mixed traffic and high
congestion throughout the city.
g. For intra-city movement the road network is bad. The tourist traffic has to pass through congested roads to reach the
monuments and other facilities in the city. The heavy-duty trucks, passes through the congested internal roads of Bhubaneswar
occasionally, mostly on the roads closer to the monuments.
h. Non-availability of required parking facilities pose problems, which ultimately leads to traffic congestion.
i. The tourists have poor access to the local shopping/commercial areas.
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36. Comprehensive Plan 2030
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Vision of Bhubaneswar Master Plan 2030
The objective of the Bhubaneswar Master Plan 2030 is to create an
urban space enabling spatial and land use planning framework to
achieve the Vision of Bhubaneswar Master Plan 2030 in order to
promote, guide and rationalize. The future growth and
development of the urban centers, it will be critical to define their
growth framework. The future growth framework of the urban
centres is defined by the Master Plan /Development Plans which
are evolved for each settlement at individual level.
Bhubaneswar Master Plan 2030 has been considered as one of the
most effective mechanism to promote planned growth of the
urban centers. It lays down the road map, agenda and framework
within which the city growth is envisioned. It provides a tool for
the authorities to take decision with regard to current and future
development related issues.
37. Comprehensive Plan 2030
37
Bhubaneswar Master Plan 2030 provides the framework for
rationalizing the orderly movement of traffic and transportation
within the city and defines the area for laying down net-work of
various services. The plan is used for promoting integrated
development of the urban centre by rationalizing its pattern of
land use and their interrelationship. It also defines the strategies
and solutions for overcoming the existing problems of the urban
centers and to overcome its infrastructural and service related
inadequacies.
In addition, it provides options for accommodating the future
addition to population which is likely to come to the urban centre
due to natural growth and migration.
Master Plan acts as a tool for determining the infrastructure cost
which would be required to make the city sustainable. The plans
offer futuristic solutions by laying down agenda for its growth and
development.
38. Comprehensive Plan 2030
38
Development Goals of Bhubaneswar
Master Plan 2030
• Socially beneficial
• Regionally connected
• Environmentally sustainable
• Financially viable
• Institutionally executable and;
• Politically acceptable
