2. What is motivation
A set of processes that arouse, direct,
and maintain human behavior towards
attaining some goal.
3. Basic components of motivation
Arousal : drive and energy behind our
actions ( I what to meet my sales quota)
Direction: options, paths towards
meeting the person’s goal (work late,
make extra calls)
Maintain behavior: how long will people
persist at attempting to meet their goal?
4. Ticklers about motivation
Motivation and job performance are not
synonymous; motivation is just one of
the possible determinates of job
performance.
Motivation is multifaceted
People are motivated by more than just
money
5. Maslow’s theory
Maslow: Needs theory
People are motivated as a result of a
need
Once that need is satisfied, it seizes to
be a motivator
He developed a 5 needs tier
6. Maslow’s theory cont’d
Physiological needs; most basic needs/
fundamental biological drives; food, air,
water & shelter
Safety needs; need to be in secure
environment & free from threats of
physical or psychological
Social needs; have friends, to be loved &
accepted by other people
7. Maslow’s theory cont’d
Esteem; have respect & to gain the
approval of others
Self Actualization; need to discover who
we are & develop ourselves to the fullest
potential
8. Managerial application of Need
theories
Promote a healthy workforce
Provide financial security
Provide opportunities to socialize
Recognize employees’ accomplishments
9. McGregor's theory X
What workmen want from employees
more than anything else is high wages
What employers want from workers is
low labor cost
People have inherent dislike for work
Avoiding it where possible
10. McGregor's theory X
Must be coerced & threatened with
punishment
People prefer to be directed
Have little ambition
People want security
11. McGregor's theory Y
Work without coercion
Management by objectives & not by
controls
12. Expectance theory
People will only act when they have a
reasonable expectation, their action will
lead to desirable goals
The possibility that the goal will be
achieved is also necessary for
motivation
13. Hertzberg: Hygiene theory
Achievement, promotion, recognition,
responsibility & the job itself
(motivators)- help to grow the personality
Policies, administrative supervision,
salary, working conditions ( hygiene)
The absence of motivators does not lead
to job dissatisfaction, but merely lack of
job satisfaction
14. The 15 Motivators
Affiliation: feeling proud to be part of the group
or being associated with a great organization.
Self-Expression: express yourself individually.
Achievement: drive to accomplish challenging
goals.
Security: need for stability or reduction of
uncertainty and stress.
Career Growth: urge to grow and develop.
15. Cont…
Excitement: impulse to seek new
experiences.
Status: motivation to increase your standing
through your accomplishments.
Purpose: need for meaning and direction.
Competition: desire to excel in relation to
other individuals or groups.
16. Cont’
Recognition: need for positive feedback and support
from the groups.
Consideration: preference for a friendly, supportive
environment.
Autonomy: need for more control over your working
conditions.
Rewards: motivation to earn significant rewards or
wealth from your work.
Responsibility: motivation to play a responsible role.
Personal Needs: need to satisfy important outside-of-
work priorities.