Effects of metal in water on cotton knitted dyeing process

1. Effects of metal in water on
cotton knitted dyeing process
Khanittha Charoenlarp, Prathompong Wongsrisang,Phannipa Saeaeng
Department of Textile Chemistry Engineering,
Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep

2. Introduction
 Five main sectors of textile industry:
 Fiber production
 Spinning
 Weaving and knitting
 Dyeing - printing and finishing
 Garment production

3. Textile Wet Processing Industry
 Industry Major Production Process Steps
- Desizing
- Scouring
- Bleaching
- Mercerizing
- Dyeing
- Finishing

4. Bleaching
A chemical process
that eliminates
unwanted colored
matter from
fibers, yarns, or
cloth.

5. Dyeing
A process that adds
color to textiles and
increases product value
Dyeing method
•batch-wise
•continuous

6. Printing
A process is used to
impart a colored
pattern or design to
the cloth.

7. Finishing
The final operation is
carried out after
dyeing/printing.
It encompasses
various chemical or
mechanical treatments
performed on
fiber, yarn, or fabric
to improve
appearance, texture, o
r quality.

8. Fabrication
Finished cloth is
fabricated into a
variety of apparel:
household and
industrial
products, bags, sheets
, towels,
blankets, etc.

9. Major Environmental Concerns
in Textile Industry
 Textile Wet Processing
- High water consumption
- Number of washing steps involved
in the production process consume
amount of water (and energy too)

10. Major Environmental Concerns in
Textile Industry
 Color and metals in the wastewater
due to a variety of dyestuffs and
auxiliary chemicals used.

11. The main problem of wastewater
treatment in dyeing industry
 How to get rid of the
contamination of dyes in
wastewater which is
mainly complex
structure compound and
toxic.

12. The quality of water appropriate to
textile wet process
 Water quality is important on textile
wet process which is an significant
factor to define product quality.
 Good quality of water for textile wet
process is clear, soft water,
low suspending solid and metal.

13. The quality of water appropriate to
textile wet process
 Natural water is normally
contaminated with color, turbidity and
metal which various depending on the
source water.

14. Objective
 To study type and amount of metal
which contaminate in cotton knitted.
 To study effect of metal in water on
cotton knitted dyeing.
 To find the optimal length of metal
concentration for Thai textile industry

15. Experimental methods
 Materials
 The fabric used in this study was knitted
cotton fabric.
 The dye used in the experiments, was
reactive dye
Sumifix HF Blue 2R gran
Sumifix HF Red G gran
Sumifix Yellow 3R gran

16. Scouring and bleaching

17. Dyeing process
 Dyeing was done in stainless steel canisters of
OSCI color.
 The liquor-goods was 20:1.
 Fabrics were introduced into dyeing solution at
room temperature. Temperature was raised to
75oC and dyeing continued at the 75oC for 90
minutes.
 After dyeing, the fabric was rinsed in water and
air-dried.
 five replications were done for each concentration
of metal.

19. Color Strength Evaluation
 Dyed fabrics were evaluated for their
color strength using K/S values
generated by a Hunterlab ColorQuest
XE diffuse/ spectrophotometer.
 K/S is a function of color depth and
is represented by the equation of
Kubelka and Munk

20. The equation of Kubelka and Munk
K (1-R)2
=
S 2R
R is the reflectance of the dyed fabric
K is the sorption coefficient
S is the scattering coefficient.

21. colorfastness evaluation
 Dyed fabrics were tested for
colorfastness to washing according to
AATCC Test Method 61-2001.

22. Results
 Type and amount of metal which
contaminate in cotton knitted.
 The metal contaminates in Cotton knitted are
Fe, Ca, Mg, and Mn.
 The amount of Fe, Ca, Mg, and Mn which
contaminate in cotton knitted are
35.68, 34.60, 7.00 and 1.27 mg/l
respectively

23. Effect of Ca2+ on dyeing

24. Effect of Mg2+ on dyeing

25. Effect of Fe2+ on dyeing

26. Effect of Mn2+ on dyeing

27. Effect of Cu2+ on dyeing

28. Effect of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on Reactive
Dyestuffs
 Reduced Solubility,Increased Aggregation
 Can cause dye spotting
 Unlevel dyeings
 Loss of dye from recipe (economy)
 reduced fastness
 Staining machinery (and subsequent fabric
batches)

29. Effect of Fe2+, Mn2+ and Cu2+ on
Reactive Dyestuffs
 precipitation of dyestuff, which could
lead to spotting problems.
 change of shade.
 catalyst the chemical reactive resulting
in the reduction of tensile strength of
cloth leading to pin hole effect.

32. Effect of metal on color fastness
n
Ca 7 0.971**
Mg 7 0.976**
Fe 7 0.806**
Mn 7 0.889**
Cu 7 0.978**

33. Conclusion/summary
 The optimum stage for reactive.
 the amount of Ca and Mg less than 10 mg/l
 the amount of Fe, Mn and Cu less than 0.1
mg/l.
It can be suggested that if the quality of
water is well controlled ; the right shade of
color can be yielded in the first time of the
dyeing process.

34. Conclusion/summary
 Findings of this study will help industry
to improve process in several ways such
as higher quality of the
product, eliminate reprocess, reduce
wastewater.
 It is hoped that this study will
encourage an awareness of water
systematic treatment for Thai textile
industry.

35. Thank you
 Rajamangala University of technology
krungthep.
 Assist.Prof. Dr. Ngamthip Wimolkasem.
 Mrs. Chiraporn Supthanont.
 Assist. Prof. Pramote Anantawarapong.