The Inca civilization originated in modern-day Peru and expanded north into Ecuador and Colombia and south into Chile, Bolivia, Argentina and corners of Colombia under the rule of Túpac Inca Yupanqui and his son Huayna Cápac. Inca society was divided into two main classes - the ruling classes including nobles and emperors, and peasants who farmed and herded llamas. The Inca spoke Quechua and recorded information using knotted strings called quipus. They had a pagan religion that worshipped nature gods and celebrated harvest festivals. The Inca made contributions through innovative terrace farming, irrigation canals, freeze dried food, and their extensive road systems.
4. Expansion
• Túpac Inca Yupanqui began
conquests to the north in 1463
and continued them as Inca
ruler after Pachacuti's death in
1471.
• Túpac Inca's most important
conquest was the Kingdom of
Chimor, the Inca's only serious
rival for the Peruvian coast.
Túpac Inca's empire stretched
north into modern-day
Ecuador and Colombia.
5. Expansion
• Túpac Inca's son Huayna Cápac
added a small portion of land to the
north in modern-day Ecuador and in
parts of Peru and Bolivia and Chile,
north of the Maule River.
• He empire's push into the Amazon
Basin near the Chinchipe River was
stopped by the Shuar in 1527. The
empire extended into corners of
Argentina and Colombia. However,
most of the southern portion of the
Inca empire, the portion denominated
as Qullasuyu, was located in the
Altiplano.
7. Social Classes
There were two classes
in Inca society:
• the ruling classes
• Nobles
• the peasants.
Emperor and
his family
Nobles
Peasants
8. Source of Living
• Most people were farmers
who produced their own
food and clothes.
• They also raised guinea
pigs, ducks and dogs and
llama.
• Llama provided the
peasants with wool and it
could carry heavy loads as
well.
9. Language
The Inca spoke the
Quechua language.
they used quipus, which
were strings with a system
of knots attached to them.
That’s how they recorded
their harvest.
10. Religion
Pagan religion
• The Inca worshipped gods of
nature the sun, the earth or
thunder.
• worshipped their ancestors
Harvest feasts were celebrated in
May, planting rituals were held in
August.
12. Contributions
• Farm Life (TERRACE
FARMING METHODS AND
IRRIGATION CANALS)
• Tied Up in Knots (KNOT
BASED RECORDING
SYSTEM)
• Ingenious Food (FREEZE
DRIED FOOD
PRESERVATION)
• Hit the Road (ROAD
SYSTEMS)
