In detail about international health agencies ,
*definition of international health
Background for establishing international health community
*previous int. Health organisation and there basis of establishment
* birth of who
*who
*unicef
*other UN agencies : UNDP ,UNFPA ,FAO,ILO
*international red cross
* other private ngos
2. INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
It is also called as “Geographic medicine”or
“global health “
Definition : “field of health care usually which
emphasise towards public health dealing with
health across the regional and/or international
boundaries.”
4. Background for establishing
international health
community
*health and diseases has no political boundaries
*Disease in any part of world is threat to other
countries (eg. COVID,HIV)
*History replete with spread of diseases (eg.
Plague and Cholera ) along trade routes
5. Previous International health
Organisation and there basis for
establishment
PAN AMERICAN SAITARY
BUREAU(PASB)(1902) : Intended to coordinate
quarantine procedure in American States
OFFICE INTERNATIONAL D’HYGIENE
PUBLIQUE(OHIP)(PARIS -1907) : Intended to
disseminate information on communicable
diseases and supervised international quarantine
measures
6. THE HEALTH ORGANISATIONS OF LEAGUE OF
NATIONS (1923):(league of nations formed after first
world war) ‘health Organisation’ which took steps in
matters of international concerns for prevention and
control of diseases
THE UNITED NATIONS RELIEF AND
REHABILITATION ADMINISTRATION
(UNRRA)(1943):Intended to Organise recovery from
effect of world war -11
*it did outstanding work of preventing the spread of
typhus and other diseases
(Later on it taken over by ‘interim commission of
WHO’ in 1946)
7. BIRTH OF THE WHO
In April 1945 : conference at San Francisco
United Nation was formed
7 April 1948 - WHO was borned
World health day - 7th April
8.
9.
10. The principle that all people should enjoy the highest standard of health,
regardless of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition,
has guided WHO’s work for the past 70 years, since it was first set up as
the lead agency for international health in the new United Nations system.
Over the years, people have come together to reiterate and reinforce this
principle — for example in the Declaration of Alma-Ata in 1978, which set
the aspirational goal of health for all. It remains front and centre today, in
the drive for universal health coverage.
13. The International Classification of Diseases,
which enables all countries to use a common
standard for reporting diseases and
identifying health trends, to the WHO
Essential Medicines List — a guide for
countries on the key medicines that a
national health system needs.
14. WHO’s work has led to global standards for air and water quality, so
important in a world where pollution is an increasing threat to our health;
safe and effective vaccines and medicines, thanks to its prequalification
programme; and height and weight charts for children, to guide health
professionals and parents in helping young people grow up healthy and
strong.
It has also led to guidelines and advice on preventing and treating health
conditions ranging from asthma and hepatitis to malnutrition and Zika.
15. (United Nation’s International Children
Emergency Fund)
Date of establishment: 11 December 1946
Initially it was established to improve Health,Nutrition
and education of the children devastated due to world
war 11
Headquarter : New York
16. UNICEF now works over 190 countries and territories
to save children’s lives by providing the schemes for
maintaining child health , education , nutrition , and
their rights all over the world
17. Services Provided By
1. CHILD HEALTH:
i. Provides aid for the production of vaccines and sera.
ii. Assisted environmental sanitation programs for safe
and sufficient water for drinking and household work.
iii. Providing Primary Health Care: Mother and Children
(immunization, infant and young child care, family
planning, safe water and adequate sanitation)
iv.Local community participation > planning personnel
and material support.
18. CHILD NUTRITION :
1950 : Low cost protein rich foods
Along with FA0 → began "applied nutrition.”
E.g. agriculture extension, helped population to grow
and eat food for better nutrition.
Supplied equipment's for modern dairy plant to various
countries.
Provision of large dose of Vitamin A ( xerophthalmia is
prevalent)
Enrichment of salt with iodine in regions with endemic
goiter.
Provision of iron and folic acid to combat anaemias
19. 3. FAMILY AND CHILD WELFARE :
*Improve the care of children both within and outside
their homes by giving parent education, opening day
care centers, child welfare and youth agencies and
women's club for training.
4. EDUCATION – FORMAL AND NON - FORMAL :
Works in collaboration with UNESCO.
Currently, GOBI campaign is being promoted to
encourage the following 4 strategies for "Child Health
Revolution."
20. " UNICEF'S G.O.B.I. – FFF PROGRAMS
1. Growth Monitoring:- which could help mothers to
prevent most child malnutrition before it begins.
2. Oral Rehydration: which could save more than 4
million young children who now die each year from
diarrheal dehydration.
3. Breast Feeding: Which can ensure that infants have
the best possible food and a considerable degree of
immunity from common infections during the first six
months of life.
4. Immunization: Which can protect a child against
measles, diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus,
tuberculosis, and polio.
22. OTHER AGENCIES
UNDP (United Nation’s Development
Programme)(1966) : Main source of funds for
technical assistance.
Objective : Helps poorer nations develop their
human and natural resources.
23. UN FUNDS FOR POPULATIONS ACTIVITIES –
Funds national level schemes, area projects for
development of health, infrastructure, family
welfare etc.
25. Chief aims are to raise the living standards;
improve nutrition; increase efficiency of farming,
forestry, fisheries; and to better the living
conditions of rural people, thus widening the
opportunity for all to indulge in productive work.
In 1960 FAO organised FFHC (Freedom from
Hunger Campaign) – To combat malnutrition and
to spread awareness.
26. ILO (International Labour Organization)(Established
1919)
as an affiliate to the League of Nations to improve the
living and working conditions of the working class.
Its purpose was to establish peace, improve international
action, labour conditions, and the living standards; to
promote economic and social stability.
27. Specialized agency of UN
Established with the purpose of helping less developed countries raise
their living standards.
Governed by 'Board of Directors'.
Funds projects concerned with electric power, roads, railways, health,
agriculture, family planning etc .
Cooperative programme exists between WHO and W’BANK
INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS
An international humanitarian movement started to protect human life
and health to ensure respect for the human being; and to prevent and
alleviate human suffering, without any discrimination based on race,
religion etc.
28. OTHER NGO’S
Rockefeller Foundation : The work of the Rockefeller Foundation in India
began in 1920 with a scheme for the control of hookworm disease in the
then Madras Presidency.
The establishment of the All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health at
Kolkata was in a large measure due to the cooperation of the Rockefeller
Foundation.
Ford Foundation : has helped the India in following projects:
1. Orientation training centre’s
2 Research -cum-action-project's
3Pilot project in rural health services, Gandhigram (Tamil Nadu)
4 Establishment of NIHAE
5 Culcutta water supply and drainage scheme
6 Family planning programme
CARE(COOPERATIVE FOR ASSISTANCE AND RELIEF EVERY
WHERE)
