Devp of education in india

1. Development of Education
• Earlier Efforts of British :
– Calcutta Madrassa – Warren Hastings ( 1781)
– Sanskrit College in Benaras – Jonathan Duncan
– Fort William College set up by Wellesley
• Need for Modern Education
– Enthusiasm of Christian Missionaries to Promote Christanity
– Enlightened Indians thought that Western Education Could remove social evils
in our Society
– Regular supply of qualified Indians to British Administration at lower levels
• Charter Act of 1813 Sanctioned 1 lakh rupees annually for the Promotion of
Education in India
• Orientalist Anglicist Debate
• Lord Macaulay’s Minute (1835)
– Favoured the viewpoint of the Anglicists
– Teaching of Western Sciences and Literature through Medium of English
– Mass Education to be neglected
– Indians in blood and Colour but English in tastes, Opinions and Intellect
– Downward Filtration Theory

2. Continued…
• Woods Despatch (1854) : Magna Carta of English Education in India
– Downward Filtration theory to be given up
– Focus on Mass primary Education
– Vernacular Primary Schools , Anglo Vernacular High Schools and College at
District Level and Universities at Bombay, Madras and Calcutta
– English as Medium of Instruction for Higher studies and Vernaculars at School
level
– Stressed on Female and Vocational Education
• Agriculture Research Institute at Pusa (Bihar) and Engineering Institute at Roorkee
started
• Hunter Education Commission (1882- 83)
– Transfer of Control of Primary Education to district and muncipal Boards
– Secondary Education : 2 Divisions
• Literary – Leading to University
• Vocational – Leading to Employment

3. Continued…
• Rayleigh Commission (1904) on Universities
• Saddler University Commission (1919)
– School Course for 12 years
• Hartog Committee (1929)
– Emphasis on Primary Education
– Only Deserving students should go to University
– Average Students to be diverted to Vocational Courses after Class VIII
• Wardha Scheme of Education ( Zakir Hussain Committee in 1937)
– Learning through Activity
– Inclusion of basic handicraft in the Syllabus
– Teaching to be in Hindi upto Class VIII
– Free and Compulsory Primary Education
• Sergeant Plan of Education (1944)