The educational assignment

1. 1
MEASURING LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION
OF WOMEN
(UGANDA’S EXPERIENCE)
BEN PAUL MUNGYEREZA (NSO)
AND
RICHARD NDIKURYAYO (GENDER MINISTRY)
Global Forum On Gender Statistics Accra, Ghana, January 26–28, 2009

2. 2
Presentation Outline
Why measure women participation
Data sources
Collaboration to improve measurement
Selected Labour Market Indicators
Preliminary findings of the Gender and Productivity Survey
Efforts to build gender statistics in Uganda

3. 3
Measuring women’s work
Purpose: To provide information
 We want to know:
 The status of women participation?
 We want to monitor:
If there are changes in labour force participation of
women
 Use information to improve policy and plans.

4. 4
Data sources
 Two main data sources, which generate data
that is interpreted to support national-level
planning towards gender equality and equity.
 Censuses (after every ten years)
 National Household Surveys.

5. 5
National Household Surveys
 Uganda National Household Surveys
every after 2 years
 Other household-based surveys
include:
 demographic and health survey (every 5 ),
 national service delivery surveys (every 4 years)
 etc

6. 6
Efforts to improve the measurement
of women’s work in Uganda
 Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS)
works very closely with all the
stakeholders.
 UBOS together with key stakeholders
developed the compendium of concepts
and definitions used in the National
Statistical System with Gender concepts
clearly spelt out.

7. 7
Specific activities to improve the
measurement of women’s work in Uganda
 Consultative meetings
 Modular Approach
 Gender Analysis of Census and
Survey Reports
 Gender and Productivity Surveys
 Computation of Labour Market
Indicators

8. 8
Consultative meetings
 Questionnaires prepared are shared out
with different stakeholders for their
input. UBOS always consults with
Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social
Development and Uganda Gender Forum.
 However, it must be noted that not all
suggested questions are always
included due to limited space in survey
questionnaire.

9. 9
Modular Approach
 UBOS attaches more comprehensive
modules. For example, during the
2002/03 and 2005/2006 National
Household Surveys, separate and more
detailed labour module was attached.
 More detailed information on the labour
market in relation to gender and
women’s work was included.

10. 10
Gender Analysis of Existing data
 Detailed gender analysis of Population and
Housing Censuses and National Household
Surveys.
 Analysis of existing data reveals a number
of gender issues that were omitted.
 The issues generated assist UBOS when
organizing subsequent censuses and
surveys to ensure that women’s work is
captured.

11. 11
Gender and Productivity Survey
 The first ever Gender and productivity survey was conducted in
Uganda between October 2007 and February 2008
 Questions developed jointly between the Economic Policy
Research Centre, Uganda Bureau of Statistics and Ministry of
Gender, Labour and Social Development.
 Aimed at capturing more data particularly in the area of
women’s paid and unpaid work. The survey covered 4,291
households in the entire country.
 In addition to the regular socio-economic module, individual
questionnaires were developed for women and men on assets
ownership, health, roles in decision making, domestic violence,
etc

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Gender and Productivity Survey cont..
 Woman’s questionnaire
 Decision regarding utilization of resources earned by the
woman
 Own choice VS husband’s choice
 Voluntary vs involuntary surrender of earnings to husband
 This important gender dimension has often been left out
by national household surveys.
 Extensive training for enumerators was
carried out to be able to fully capture women’s
contributions.
 The report for this survey is yet to be
completed. Only a draft has been developed.

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Labour Market Indicators
 Size in the Labour force
 Labour force participation rate
 Employment to population ratio
 Status in employment
 Employment by sector
 Hours of work

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Labour Force
 Definition: Economically active
population in segment 14 to 64 years
 Approx. 9.8 million (2003)
Males: 47.4%
 Females: 52.6%
 Slight male/female difference.

15. 15
Labour Force Distribution:
By Literacy status
80.4
19.6
60.1
39.9
69.7
30.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Male Female National
Literate Non-Literate

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Labour Force Participation Rate:
By Residence
78.4
70.4
80.7 81.8
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
Urban Rural
Male Female

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Employment to population
ratio: By Residence
78.2 79.2
70.7
57.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Rural Urban
Male Female

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Employment to population
ratio: By Education attainment
89.2
77.9
71.1
91.7 89.7
76.4
58.8
85.1
0
20
40
60
80
100
Male Female
No Schl Primary Secondary Sec +

19. 19
Status in employment
22
64
14
8.5
51.2
40.3
15.2
57.4
27.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Male Female National
Wage Self Empl Unpaid F

20. 20
Average Hours of work per
week: By Residence
34.9
27.8
47.6
41.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
Rural Urban
Male Female

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Gender and Productivity Survey
2008
Preliminary Findings

22. 22
Participation Rate:
By Residence - GPS
75.8
78.3
69.9
60.6
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Rural Urban
Male Female

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Gender and Productivity
Survey
 The GPS preliminary results for
2008 are consistent with the
household survey results of 2003
 Participation rate for women in rural is
higher than urban
 Within rural, female participation rate is
higher than that for men

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Share of unpaid family
workers - GPS
19.4
49.4
7.7
22.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Rural Urban
Male Female

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Share of unpaid family
work
 The GPS preliminary results are
consistent with the household
survey results
 More women are engaged in unpaid
family work
 There is more unpaid work in the
rural areas

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Gender intensity in
production
 Knowing that women have access and
seek employment is important
 But it is also important to know how
women compare to men within category
 Gender intensity measures the share of
women in a given employment category.

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Gender Intensity – GPS
(%age of women)
44.4
73.4
29.1
37.1
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80 Self employed
Unpaid fam. Wk
Private employ.
Govt employ
Women
dominate in
unpaid
family
workers

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Median wage per month in the
private sector (‘000 ug.shs)-GPS
60
35
150
75
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Rural Urban
Male Female

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Decision on spending
income earned by wife
71.4
26.4
2.3
82.6
16.4
1.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Formal marriage Non Formal marriage
Own Choice husband (at will) husband (agnst will)

30. 30
Major Household expenditure
decisions (women quest.)
20.2
54.3
24.1
1.6
26
56.9
15.5
1.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Formal marriage Non Formal marriage
Own Choice Husband Other

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Efforts to build Gender Statistics
in Uganda.
Efforts to improve measurement of women’s work
 Appending a module of activities list onto
National Household Survey questionnaire, to
capture the full range of economic activities in
which Ugandan women are engaged in.
 During the design of surveys, UBOS will
attempt to integrate women activity lists into
questionnaires.

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Efforts to build Gender Statistics
in Uganda (cont’d..)
Institutional efforts
 UBOS has recruited an officer
specifically to handle gender statistics.
 Increased collaboration between the
Ministry of Gender, the National
Statistical Office and the Training
institutions.

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Efforts to build Gender Statistics
in Uganda (cont’d..)
Institutional efforts …
 Through NSDS support, the Ministry for
Gender has developed its Strategy for the
development of statistics in the sector.
Statistics has been mainstreamed in the
sector and catered for in the budget for the
next FY
 Through the NSDS, the statistics unit under
the Ministry responsible for Gender has been
equipped and strengthened.

34. 34
Thank You