The primary characteristic in this category is the impairment in normal sexual functioning.

2. • The primary characteristic in this category is
the impairment in normal sexual functioning.
• This can refer to an inability to perform or
reach an orgasm, painful sexual intercourse, a
strong repulsion of sexual activity, or an
exaggerated sexual response cycle or sexual
interest.

3. Appetitive
Excitement
Orgasm
Resolution

5. • Fantasies about sexual activity and the desire
(i.e., libido) to have it

6. • Subjective sense of sexual pleasure with
accompanying physiologic changes
• (male-erection; females-vasoconstriction,
vaginal lubrication, and swelling of external
genitalia).
Mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system
• Excitement (M&J, 1970)

7. • The peaking of the sexual pleasure and the
release of sexual tension.
Mediated by the sympathetic nervous system (muscular stage-
Kaplan).
• Males sense inevitable ejaculation, which is
followed by a single, intense muscular
contraction that emits semen.
• In a more variable response, females contract
the outer third of their vagina.

8. • A generalized and muscular relaxation, during
which
• males are physiologically refractory to further
erection or orgasm,
• whereas females can respond immediately to
additional stimuli

10. WHAT IS ABNORMAL SEXUAL
BEHAVIOR?
• Harm to other people,
• An individual to experience persistent or
recurrent distress, or
• Impairment in important areas of functioning
Sexual behavior is considered a
psychological disorder if it causes:

12. • Disorders in which a person has recurrent,
intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual
urges, or behaviors involving
– nonhuman objects,
– children or other nonconsenting persons, or
– the suffering or humiliation of self or partner.
• Inability to experience sexual gratification in
the absence of the desired stimulus.
• Lasting at least six months.

14. PEDOPHILIA
• Types of molester
– Situational molesters
– Preference molesters
– Child rapists

15. PEDOPHILIA
• Types of sexual aggressor
– Physiological
– Cognitive
– Affective
– Developmentally-related
 Types of molester
 Situational molesters
 Preference molesters
 Child rapists

16. Exhibitionism:
A paraphilia in which a person has intense sexual urges and
arousing fantasies involving the exposure of genitals to a
stranger.

17. Fetishism:
A paraphilia in which the individual is preoccupied
with an object and depends on this object rather
than sexual intimacy with a partner for achieving
sexual gratification.

19. Partialism:
A paraphilia in which the person is interested solely
in sexual gratification from a specific body part,
such as feet.
Clip art copyright © 2002 www.arttoday.com. Used with permission.

20. Frotteurism:
A paraphilia in which the individual has intense
sexual urges and sexually arousing fantasies of
rubbing against or fondling an unsuspecting
stranger.

21. Attraction to achieving sexual gratification by having
painful stimulation applied to one's own body,
either alone or with a partner.
Clip art copyright © 2002 www.arttoday.com. Used with permission.
Sexual Masochism:

22. Sexual Sadism
Deriving sexual gratification from activities that
harm, or from urges to harm, another person.

23. A paraphilia in which a man has an uncontrollable
craving to dress in women's clothing in order to
derive sexual gratification.

24. A paraphilia in which the individual has a
compulsion to derive sexual gratification
from observing the nudity or sexual activity
of others.

25. OTHER PARAPHILIAS
Telephone scatologia Making obscene phone calls
Necrophilia Corpses (cadaver)
Zoophilia Animals
Coprophilia Feces
Klismaphilia Enemas
Urophilia Urine
Somnophilia Sleeping people
Stigmatophilia Skin piercing or tattoo
Autonepiophilia Wearing diapers

26. FEATURES OF PARAPHILIAS
• Vary by paraphilia.
• Generally, ingrained behaviors.
• Biopsychosocial factors.
• Conditioning appears to be main cause.
• Difficult to treat.
• Rarely present for treatment unless legally bound.
• Treatment depends on the nature of the
paraphilia.

28. Gender identity disorder:
A condition in which there is a discrepancy between
an individual's assigned sex and gender identity,
involving a strong and persistent identification with
the other gender.
Gender identity:
The individual's self-perception as a
male or female.

29. GENDER IDENTITY
DISORDER
• Strong and persistent belief that they are the
wrong sex, evident before the age of 4.
• Refusal to engage in culturally “gender-
appropriate” behaviors.
• Recurrent fantasies and cross-dressing.

30. THEORIES OF GENDER IDENTITY
DISORDER
• BIOLOGICAL
Abnormal fetal hormone levels.
Vulnerability to high sensory arousal.
Sensitive to parents’ emotional expressions.
• PSYCHOLOGICAL
Parental preferences for child of other sex.
Parental unintentional reinforcement of cross-
gender behaviors.
• SOCIAL - Cultural idealization of stereotypical
male and female “types.”

31. TREATMENT
• PSYCHOTHERAPY
– Very young child
• Help develop self-esteem
– Older child
• Deal with cross-gender behavior and fantasy, low self-
esteem, peer rejection
– Adults
• Focus on the biopsychosocial causes, provide support
and coping strategies

32. SEX REASSIGNMENT SURGERY
• Sought by a small number of those with
gender identity disorder.
• Factors in improved functioning post-
surgery:
– Female-to-male transition hold greater
satisfaction.
– Level of adjustment pre-surgery.
– Level of commitment to being other sex.
– Quality of surgery itself.

33. Sexual
Dysfunctions

34. Abnormality in individual sexual
responsiveness.
Individually defined.
Usually related to other problems.
Lifelong or acquired.
Generalized or situational.

35. Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
A
sexual dysfunction in which the
individual has an abnormally
low level of interest in sexual
activity.

36. Possible Causes
Psychological
difficulties.
Poor body
image or
self-esteem.
Interpersonal
hostility.
Relationship
power
struggles.

37. A sexual dysfunction characterized by an
active dislike and avoidance of genital
contact with a sexual partner.
4 Primary Causes:
1. Severely negatively parental sex attitudes.
2. History of sexual trauma.
3. Sexual pressuring by partner.
4. Gender identity confusion.

38. Sexual Arousal Disorders
 Female Sexual
Arousal Disorder
 Male Erectile
Disorder

39. Premature Ejaculation
In this, the man reaches orgasm
long before he wishes to,
perhaps even prior to
penetration.

40. Sexual Pain Disorders
•Dyspareunia (from Greek
meaning "badly mated") is
painful sexual intercourse,
due to medical or
psychological causes.

41. Contd…
• Vaginismus, is the condition that affects a woman's
ability to engage in any form of vaginal penetration,
including sexual intercourse, insertion
of tampons and/or menstrual cups, and the
penetration involved in gynecological examinations.
• This is the result of a reflex of the pubococcygeus
muscle, which is sometimes referred to as the "PC
muscle". The reflex causes the muscles in the vagina to
tense suddenly, which makes any kind of vaginal
penetration—including sexual intercourse—painful or
impossible.

42. THEORIES AND TREATMENT
• Neurological, cardiovascular disorders.
• Liver or kidney disease.
• Hormonal abnormalities.
• Problems with reproductive system.
• Substance-induced.
Sexual dysfunctions may arise from physical
and/or psychological problems.

43. Treatment
Variety of physical,
educative, attitudinal,
intrapsychic,
interpersonal.

44. Internet Resource
For more information on material
covered in this chapter, visit our
website:
http://www.mhhe.com/halgin4u