5. TRANSPORT is responsible for the
physical movement of materials between
points in the supply chain
At the heart of logistics are transport
vehicles moving goods between suppliers
and customers
6. Mode of Transport
The mode of transport describes the type
of transport used.
There are basically five different options;
*Rail * Road * Air
* Water
7. Rail
Most commonly used for heavy and bulky
loads over long land journeys
They are almost invariably public carriers
rather than private carriers
The rail service is not nationalised, it is
allowed a monopoly
8. Advantage of Rail
Rail is that once the infrastructure is in place, it
has very high capacity and low unit costs.
Railway is the safest form of transport
Railways perform many public utility services
Unit transport cost is low
9. Disadvantage of Rail
Its inflexibility
Trains can only travel along specified routes
between fixed terminals, and cannot stop at
intermediary points
Obvious limitation of only being used on land
Rail transport cannot provide door to door
service
10.
11. Road
The most widely used mode of transport
and is used at least somewhere in almost
all supply chains.
Road transport can normally carry loads
up to, say, 20–30 tonnes
12. Advantage of Road
Main benefit is flexibility, being able to visit almost
any location
Travel speed can be an important consideration
Use extensive road networks
Large number of carriers working in the same
areas
Easy to monitor location of goods
13. Disadvantage of Road
These become relatively expensive,so road
transport is generally used for shorter distances
Used for delivering finished goods than bulky
raw materials
Lorries are particularly vulnerable to congestion
and traffic delays
Obvious limitation of only being used on land
17. Water
Most supply chains use shipping to cross
the oceans,over 90% of world trade is
moved by sea.
18. Advantage of Water
Ideal for transporting
heavy and bulky goods
Suitable for products
with long lead times
Cheapest traffic means
Requires cheap motor
powers than for
airplanes
19. Disadvantage of Water
Longer lead/delivery
times and slow
Difficult to monitor
exact location of
goods in transit
Its inflexibility in being
limited to appropriate
ports
Transfers to ships
take time
20. Basically three types of water
transport;
* Rivers and Canals →
← * Coastal Shipping
* Ocean Transport →
21. Different types of vessel
* General cargo ships →→
← ← ←* Bulk carriers
* Tankers →→ →→
23. india has an extensive network of inland waterways in the form
of rivers, canals, backwaters and creeks. The total navigable
length is 14,500 km (9,000 mi), out of which about 5,200 km
(3,200 mi) of the river and 4,000 km (2,500 mi) of canals can be
used by mechanized crafts. Freight transportation by
waterways is highly under-utilized in India compared to other
large countries and geographic areas like the United
States, China and the European Union. The total cargo moved
(in tonne kilometers) by the inland waterway was just 0.1% of
the total inland traffic in India, compared to the 21% figure
for United States. Cargo transportation in an organised manner
is confined to a few waterways in Goa, West
Bengal, Assam ,and Kerala.
24. Air
Passengers account for
most airline business,
with eight billion
passenger kilometres
flown a year in the UK.
25. Avantage of Air
Main advantage is speed of delivery
Useful for Cargo companies For ex;
Yurtiçi,UPS,Aras etc..
26. Disavantage of Air
Transfers to plane take time in the airport
It is costly transport
Competition can also be fierce
Weight limits is prevent carrying amount of
materials.
27. The air transport in India started in 1911 when the India’s first
Aeroplane post services were started between Allahabad and
Naini.
All the airway companies were nationalized in 1953 and were put
under two corporations namely – Indian Airlines and Air India.
The Indian Airlines Corporation having headquarters in New Delhi
was established to conduct the air service within the country.
Besides, it also provides services to the neighboring countries like
Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Myanmar
and Maldives whereas Air India provides its services to the
foreign locations.
In 1981, a corporation named ‘Vayudoot‘ was established for the
domestic flights which provide the services to inaccessible
regions or to those regions where the services of Indian Airlines
could not reach. After some time, it has been merged with the
Indian Airlines.