the presentation is about occurrence or causes of malnutrition in children during the disaster or emergencies situation. the content are: Introduction of emergencies situation. Malnutrition Types of malnutrition occur in emergencies Causes of malnutrition Disorders due to malnutrition prevention

1. ISABELLA THOBURN COLLEGE
Causes of malnutrition in emergencies
situation
By: Kanika Rastogi
MSC.2ND SEM.
SUBMITTED TO:Dr. Pooja Verma
180380755031

2. Introduction of emergency situation
• In emergency situations, where populations are dependent on
food assistance, an adequate food ration should meet the
population’s minimum energy, protein and fat requirements
for survival and light physical activity.
• An adequate food ration should also be nutritionally
balanced, diversified, culturally acceptable, fit for human
consumption and suitable for all sub-groups of the
population.
• As because micronutrient deficiencies are common
worldwide-and endemic in many developing countries-rations
should provide adequate micronutrients, where possible,
particularly for populations entirely dependent on food aid.

3. Malnutrition
• Malnutrition is defined as imbalance between the body’s need
and the intake of nutrients, which can lead to nutritional
disorders.
• So intake of nutrients in proper amount is needed
Types of Malnutrition :-
Malnutrition is divided into two main types
Under-nutrition
Over-nutrition
In under-nutrition nutrients are undersupplied,
In over-nutrition nutrients are over supplied bothcauses
nutritional disorders

4. What types of malnutrition occur in
emergencies?
•The major concern in emergencies is the increased risk of moderate and severe
acute malnutrition because acute malnutrition is strongly associated with death
•In many long-term emergencies levels of other forms of malnutrition (stunting
and underweight) are often high
–Stunting inhibits a child from reaching his or her full physical and mental
potential
–Can have a major impact on work output and national development
–Is becoming an increasingly important measure of nutritional wellbeing in
some emergencies
•Micronutrient deficiencies are common in emergencies, particularly in affected
people dependent on food rations

5. Causes of Malnutrition
•People are at higher risk of under nutrition and micronutrient deficiencies.
those whose nutrition was poor before the crisis are even more vulnerable.
• Acute malnutrition weakens the immune system which then becomes more
susceptible to developing diseases that can be fatal.
•Emergencies can also aggravate diet-related non communicable disease,
such as heart disease, high blood pressure (hypertension), diabetes and cancer.
•Starvation is a severe lack of food which can result in death.
•Many populations have high levels of non communicable diseases,
emergencies can cause a significant increase in illness and even death from these
diseases.
•Inadequate nutrition and repeated bouts of infection during the first 1000 days
of a child’s life can cause stunting, which has irreversible long-term effects on the
physical and mental development of children.

6. Disorders due to Malnutrition
 Protein-energy malnutrition : A range of pathological conditions
arising from coincident lack of varying proportion of protein and calories
accruing most frequently in infant and young children and commonly
associated with infections.
 Kwashiorkor
 Marasmus
 Marasmic kwashiorkor

7. Kwashiorkor
 Between 1-3 years old childrens
Etiology:
• Very low protein but w/calories from CHO
• In places where starchy foods are main staple
• Never exclusively dietary
Symptoms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Edema
Muscle wasting
Hair changes
Depigmentation of skin
Moonface

8. Marasmus
 Common in the 1st year of life
Etiology:
 “Balanced starvation”
 Insufficient breast milk
 Dilute milk mixture or lack of hygiene
 Symptoms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Muscle wasting
Growth retardation
Mental changes
No edema
Variable-subnormal temp,
Often diarrhea

9. .
Marasmic kwashiorkor
•It is a mixed form of PEM, with oedema occuring in children who are marasmic
and may or may not have other signs of kwashiorkor.
•The main feature are wasting, or cachexia in severe cases ,with or without oedema which
may be be generalized or mainly in dependent parts such as feet and legs.
Symptoms :-
• fatigue.
• diarrhea.
• loss of muscle mass.
• failure to grow or gain weight.
• edema (swelling) of the ankles, feet, and belly.
• damaged immune system, which can lead to more frequent and severe infections.
irritability.

10. Prevention of malnutrition
• Use of modern agricultural
agricultural production
techniques to increase the
• Proper education to peoples regarding importance of food
• Enrichment of food
• Fortification of food
• Genetic engineering for the development of new varieties eg-
golden rice
• Government projects to provide healthy food to infants and
pregnant woman
• Staple food should available at very cheap rate
• Common people should adopt rotation in food
• Global public health and disease control measures.
• Use of probiotic microorganism in food

11. THANK YOU..