its about differential mechanism in automobiles

1. A Seminar on Differential
SUBMITTED
TO:-
SUBMITTED BY:-
Kamal Narayan
Baruah
Roll No. : 31330054
Agril . Engineering8/16/2015 4:37 AM

2. CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
2 DIFFERENTIAL OVERVIEW
3 PARTS OF DIFFERENTIAL
4 WORKING PRINCIPLE
5 TYPES
6 OPEN DIFFERENTIAL
7 LIMITED SLIP DIFFERENTIAL
8 TORSEN DIFFERENTIAL
9 APLLICATION OF TORSEN DIFFERENTIAL
10 DIFFERENTIAL LOCK AND ITS APPLICATION
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3. INTRODUCTION
 On 1897 David Shearer was the first
person to use differential on a 4
wheeler vehicle . He was an eminent
agricultural manufacturer and
inventor residing in South Australia
 Later on Vernon Gleasman patents
the Torsen dual drive differential on
1958 which was a type of limited slip
differential that relies solely on the
action of the gearing
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4.  When turning, the
inner and outer
wheels have arcs
of different turning
radii
 Consequently, the
inner wheels travel
less distance than
the outer wheels
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5. Differential Overview
 Because the turning
paths of the inner
and outer wheels are
different, the wheels
on both axles need
to be able to spin
independently of
each other
 A differential is used
to allow the wheels
to spin at different
speeds
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6. Pinion Drive Gear: transfers
power from the driveshaft to
the ring gear.
Ring Gear: transfers power to
the differential case assembly.
Differential case assembly: holds the
Ring gear and other components that drive the
rear axle.
Side/spider gears: help both wheels
to turn independently when turning.
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7. Rear drive axles: steel shafts
that transfer torque from the
differential assembly to the
drive wheels.
Rear axle bearings: ball or
roller bearings that fit
between the axles and the
inside of the axle housing.
Axle housing: metal body that
encloses and supports parts of the
rear axle assembly.
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8. WORKING OF DIFFERENTIAL
Case 1 : When the vehicle is in a straight path
Input torque is applied to the ring
gear (blue) ,which turns the entire
carrier (blue). The carriers connected
to both sun gears (red and yellow)
only through the planet gear (green).
Torque is transmitted to the sun gears
through the planet gear. The planet
gear revolves around the axis of the
carrier, driving the sun gears. If the resistance at
both wheels is equal, the planet gear revolves
without spinning about its own axis, and both
wheels turn at the same rate.
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9. CASE 2 : WHEN THE VEHICLE IS IN A TURNING PATH
If the left sun gear (red)
encounters resistance,
the planet gear (green)
spins as well as
revolving, allowing the
left sun gear to slow
down, with an equal
speeding up of the right
sun gear (yellow).
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10.  Open Differential
 Limited Slip
Differential (LSD)
 Clutch LSD
 Viscous Coupling
LSD
 Locking LSD
 Torsen LSD
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11.  The “Sun” gear
and “Ring” gear
are identical and
supply power to
the drive axles.
 The planetary
gears, or spider
gears allow the
axles to rotate at
different speeds.
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12. Open Differential Problems
 If one wheel has
little friction there is
no resistance to its
rotation and slipping
occurs
 The slipping wheel
will spin twice as
fast as the
differential Left rear tire
slipping on sandy
surface
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13. •Provides driving force to both wheels at all times, where as
conventional differential will loose traction on slippery surface.
•Transfers a portion of torque to both slipping wheel and the driving
wheel.
•Under high torque, pinion gears push on side gears. Side gears push
on clutch discs, thus locking it.
•Under normal turning the clutch discs slip.
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14.  The Torsen
Differential is
capable of perfect
differentiation
 The Torsen
Differential
transfers power to
the wheels with
traction
Torque transferred to
wheel with traction
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15.  Torsen differentials
are used in off-
road and high
performance all-
wheel drive
vehicles.
 Torsens can also
be handy on icy or
dirt roads
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16. AUTOMOBILE COMPANIES
USING DIFFERENTIAL
– AM General
– Audi
– BMW
– Ford
– GM
– Mahindra And
Mahindra
– Honda
– Lexus
– Land Rover
– Mazda
– Toyota
– Volkswagen
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19. DIFFERENTIAL LOCK
 Differential lock is a variation on the standard
automotive differential . It is a device to join both the
half axles of the vehicle so that even if one of the
wheel is under less resistance , the vehicle comes
out of the mud as both wheels move at same speed
and apply equal traction .
 A locked differential forces both left and right wheels
on the same axle to rotate at the same speed under
nearly all circumstances, without regard to tractional
differences seen at either wheel. Therefore, each
wheel can apply as much rotational force as the
traction under it will allow, and the torques on each
side-shaft will be unequal. (Unequal torque, equal
rotational speeds).
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20. APPLICATION
 Race cars often use
locking differentials in
order to maintain traction
during high speed
maneuvers or when
accelerating at extreme
rates.
 Some utility vehicles such
as tow trucks , forklifts ,
tractors , and heavy
equipment use locking
differentials to maintain
traction, especially when
driving on soft, muddy, or
uneven surfaces
AIR LOCKING
DIFFERETIAL
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21. THANK YOU
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