2. Who is Victims of Terrorism?
“VoT are the real heroes in the global struggle
against Terrorism”. Ban Ki Moon (Global
symposium report)
Who is Affected with the act of terrorism in any
form of its consequences
3. Definition of terrorism:
• It is ordinary word, killing of innocent for political cause Surrendering the peace of
territory.
• It is an act intent to instill fear in the population of civilian: Philippe Sands
• Terrorism is violence or the threat of violence against non combatants or civilian,
usually motivated religious, political or ideological belief. US definition
4. History of Terrorism
The word terrorism is used in struggle against colonial rule in 18th
century
In 48 AD Jewish sect called ‘Zealots’ carried out terrorism campaign to force
insurrection against the romans and used assassin called ‘Sacarti’
Shia Muslims used assassin called ‘Ismaili's’ who believed self sacrifice is the
path to heaven
Extreme act of Nazi Germany and Communist Russia
Jewish terrorist group Stern Gang in 1940’s
Protestant and Catholic terroirs group in Northern Ireland and south Sudan.
5. French revolutionary Maximilian Robespierre Said that “ terror is
nothing other than justice prompt , severe in flexible,.. It is there
for an emanation of virtue. It is not so much as a special
principle as , it is a consequences of the general principles of
democracy applied to our countries most urgent need.
Japan Code of Bushido- way of the warrior.
Just war Doctrine
6. Understanding the concept of terrorism
Terrorism can affect anyone, anywhere. It targets all ethnic groups, religion,
nationalities and civilization. It Attacks Humanity itself…..Ban Ki Moon( 9 September
2008).
Terrorism is any act designed to cause terror. The word terrorism is politically loaded
and emotionally charged.
20th
century it becomes state sponsored act of or part of foreign policy to
dominate over neighbor nation. Examples , Cold war era
Crenshaw (2000)Highly politicalized term
7. Understanding Terrorism under CJS
Mala Prohibita: crimes that are made illegal under legislation, but
not by the society entirely. Example, Gambling prostitution
Mala in Se: this are immune or wrong in themselves. These can
not be justified by the society
9. Concept of victims
Any person put to death, subjected to torture or
suffering or property loss through cruel or oppressive
treatment or destructive agency: Rhemish Translation
of Bible (1592)
10. Understanding Victims of Terrorism
Terrorism is killing of random people who are happened to be in a
certain place at certain time
Who is victims of terrorism: individual. Community or nation or
different social institution ?
12. Institute for Economy and peace
out of 10000 attack in 2013 37% in Pakistan,
28% increase from 2012
In 2013 out 0f 10000 attack ,
45000 Victims of terrorismaccross
70 countries
with 12,500 deaths
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21. Target of terrorism
Civilian (Men women Youth and children)
Economy of the nation
Tourism
Injecting fear
security
22. Types of VoT: According to Hill (2000)
Direct Victims
Secondary victims
Community level
23. Who is actual Victim?
95% of the Victims of Terrorism is Muslim
Hassan Chalgouni, Paris Imam ( 20January
2015, BBC news.
2011 counter terrorism report says 87% to 97%
victims of terrorism is Muslims
60% of attacks took place in Iraq, Pakistan
and Afghanistan
24. a purticular social institution is labelized by the
entire society, and it also carried out to others. for
example a muslim name or wearing a Cap always
gives chance to doubt the person
Victimization by the State: Justice SN Dhingra issue
Pre conceived notion by the system and the public
25. Story 1: Children's Of Boston
In September 1, 2004 in Russia, 30 Islamic Radical
terrorist captured 1300 hostage. September 03, in
bomb exploitation they have killed 344 people
and 186 were children.
26. Story 2:
A Muslim women denied to give Burger in an
American restaurant saying that “ We American
are in war with Your People’. And no one in that
shop Supported the women.
27. Understanding Victims of Terrorism:
Three way to understand the victims of terrorism
1. Horizontal victims, example 9/11 attack
2. Concentric Circle, example Rawalpindi School
attack
3. Sectional, example ISIS activities
28. According to Hall, Norwood, Ursano and Levison says
that “the primary goal of terrorism is disrupt society .
The target is an entire nation not only those who are
Killed injured or even directly or indirectly affected
The forgetting fact of terrorism is that everyone
one look at secondary motive where primary
motive is hidden and unnoticed
29. Are Victims of Terrorism is also Victims of
organized crime
MoTivation
seeks media attention
Government Recognition
30. So who is a victim of Terrorism?
Children
youth
men
women
community, religioun or region
Direct or primary victims
profesional or voluontary victims
community victims
re victimized victims
( Tax Bulletin, 2013)
31. Gender in Victims of Terrorism
Men becomes victim is just to eliminate
potential opposition
women becomes victims as a process of
suppression or opprsion.
32. "Victimsof terroristoffencesarevulnerable, and there
for specificmeasuresare necessary with regard to
them."
EU CouncilFramework Decisionon Combating
terrorismof 13 June2002, Recital no. (8)
Legal services available for VoT
33. USA
international VoT Expenses Reimbursment program by USA, amended Victims
of Crime act 1984
January 23 2003 Then President George W Bush signed VICTIMS OF
TERRORISM TAX RELIEF ACT 2001
United StatesResponse to TerrorismAffecting AmericansAbroad: Title 22,
AviationSecurity ImprovementAct(1990)
•HostageRelief Act(1980
34. EU and CoE
Council Framework Decisionon Combating Terrorism(13 June2002)
Recommendationon Assistanceto CrimeVictims (2006)
Guidelineson theProtectionof Victimsof Terrorist Acts(2005)
European Convention On CompensationforVictims of
ViolentActs(1983)
CouncilDirectiveRelatingto Compensationfor Victimsof Crime(29
April 2004)
36. International Activity
Terrorism Prevention Branch (TPB) and the Justice Section (JS) of the United
Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
Madrid memorandum: Good practices for assistance to VoT Immediatly
proceedings. By Spain (November 7,2007)
Memorising Victims of Terrorism
Hedayah: In December 2012 Hedayah, first-ever International Center of Excellence
for Countering Violent Extremism (CVE), was inaugurated, with its headquarters in
Abu Dhabi, UAE.
37. What we suppose to do?
Granting Victims equal and effective access to justice
within the fram work of fighting against terrorism, victims of
terrorism should not forgotten
Victims of Terrorism should be the frontier worker Fight against
terrorism
International supporting system
38. Role of Social Worker
Working at Community level for livelihood education and
Harmony in the community
helping people in post Terror attack and acting as a supportive
system
Rescue and rehabilitation
legal service under the law of the land
39. Conclusion
For every terroris attack there is political motive and it is not
a particular communities activiti, by labelising particular
social institution we are forcibly making them Victims of
terrorism
40. Dedicated to All Victims of Terrorism: May they find JUSTICE and PEACE
41. References:
Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, perspective and issues by Gus martin 3rd edition
sage publication
Psychology of terrorism by Bruce Bonger , 2006,
Madrid Memorandum on Good Practices for Assistance to Victims of Terrorism
Immediately after the Attack and in Criminal Proceedings by Global counter terrorism
forum, 2011 ,
Report on terrorism by National counter terrorism center , USA
International Terrorism Victim Expense Reimbursement Program by Victim of crime
department REPORT TO CONGRESS • FEBRUARY 2006 USA
Memorializing the Victims of Terrorism by Rina Egbo Research and Statistics Division
Department of Justice Canada
42. Supporting Victims of terrorism by United nation on Symposium on
Supporting Victims of Terrorism
The Criminal Justice Response to Support Victims of Acts of Terrorism by
UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna, United Nations,
November 201
Responding to Victims of Terrorism and Mass Violence Crimes Coordination
and Collaboration Between American Red Cross Workers and Crime Victim
Service Providers ,U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs
Victimsof Terrorism An Overviewon International Legislationon theSupport
and CompensationforVictimsof Terrorist Threats Dr. Michael Kilchling, Max
Plank institute for foreign and international criminal law
