SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 11
Kenisha Thompson
Kaizen
Origin
Kaizen, pronounced as “k-eye-zin,”
literally means continuous
improvement and the Kaizen
principle originated from the
Japanese philosophy of work.
The concept of Kaizen became
popular in the United States only by
the late 1980’s.
It was found that the performance of
Japanese companies were much
better than their American
counterparts after applying the
Kaizen principle.
Kaizen
Meaning
Kaizen (改善), Japanese for
"improvement" or "change for
the best", refers to philosophy
or practices that focus
upon continuous
improvement of processes in
manufacturing, engineering,
business management or any
process.
Kaizen
The Kaizen Principle
The concept of Kaizen can be
explained as a principle of
continuous improvement.
According to the Kaizen
philosophy, a series of small
improvements made
continuously over a long
period of time can result in
drastic improvement in
business processes.
Kaizen
How it works
Kaizen
Limits and Risks
Kaizen is a tool that has to be
used in a business environment
which has long-term goals. Using
the Kaizen principle need not
resolve a particular problem
completely and immediately.
Thus, to implement the Kaizen
philosophy, the practitioners
need to be patient. Thus, the
Kaizen principle is not meant for
everyone.
Kaizen
Characteristics of Kaizen
• One of the main characteristic of
Kaizen is on finding the root cause of
mistakes made and correcting them.
• Each error is seen as an opportunity
in the path of improvement. Kaizen is
more process-focused than results-
focused.
• Kaizen also seeks to improve the
systems rather than the human
resources.
• Kaizen practitioners spend a lot of
their time to measure customer
satisfaction and error rates.
• They also make use of meetings
and such opportunities to discuss
avenues for improvement.
• Kaizen focuses on incremental
improvements rather than exact
solutions to problems.
• The focus of small improvements
in Kaizen makes it easier to
implement.
• The Kaizen philosophy of work is
to stress employee participation
in decision making process.
Kaizen
Characteristics of Kaizen
Kaizen
Kaizen Blitz
A Kaizen blitz or event is when the entire
team involved in a process focuses on one
particular aspect in order to improve its
efficiency and performance. As everyone is
involved, all facets of that particular event
are examined, and with the breadth of the
experience going into the thinking, the
event itself is bound to find some particular
idea or ideas that have not been examined
previously. By tackling all aspects of a
process, the improvements are real and
continuous and result in remarkable
achievements. This leads to a lean
manufacturing program that is very
economical in terms of time, effort and
resources. This can only add to the overall
profitability of a company and its efficiency
in operations.
Kaizen
How I’ve practiced Kaizen.
• What’s the Big Idea (WTBI)
Brainstorming session.
• HumanaVitality Wellness
Feedback Booths
… and that is Kaizen.
Works Cited:
• Bright Hub PM, Project Planning. Explaining the
Kaizen Principle, 2010. Website:
http://www.brighthubpm.com/project-
planning/100172-explaining-the-kaizen-
principle/#imgn_0, Date of access: 04/01/2014,
04/11/2014.
• Bright Hub PM, Six Sigma. Getting Acquainted
With the Kaizen Philosophy, 2013. Website:
http://www.brighthubpm.com/six-sigma/50277-
introduction-to-the-kaizen-philosophy/#imgn_0,
Date of access: 04/01/2014, 04/11/2014.
• Lareau, William. Office Kaizen: Transforming
Office Operations Into a Strategic Competitive
Advantage. Amer Society for Quality; Reprint
edition (July 2002). Print.
• Krajewski, Lee J, Ritzman,Larry P., and Malhotra,
Manoj K. Operations Management: Processes
and Supply Chains, Student Value Edition (10th
Edition). Publication Date: January 21, 2012.
Print.

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Introduction of kaizen.pptx 222222222222
Introduction of kaizen.pptx 222222222222Introduction of kaizen.pptx 222222222222
Introduction of kaizen.pptx 222222222222
ganessh04
 
Kaizen: Elevating Continuous Improvement for Success
Kaizen: Elevating Continuous Improvement for SuccessKaizen: Elevating Continuous Improvement for Success
Kaizen: Elevating Continuous Improvement for Success
Operational Excellence Consulting
 
Kaizen Training
Kaizen Training Kaizen Training
Kaizen Training
jah10632
 
TPM: Focused Improvement (Kobetsu Kaizen)
TPM: Focused Improvement (Kobetsu Kaizen)TPM: Focused Improvement (Kobetsu Kaizen)
TPM: Focused Improvement (Kobetsu Kaizen)
Operational Excellence Consulting
 

Mais procurados (20)

Kaizen training
Kaizen trainingKaizen training
Kaizen training
 
Introduction of kaizen.pptx 222222222222
Introduction of kaizen.pptx 222222222222Introduction of kaizen.pptx 222222222222
Introduction of kaizen.pptx 222222222222
 
Policy Deployment
Policy DeploymentPolicy Deployment
Policy Deployment
 
KAIZEN Technique
KAIZEN TechniqueKAIZEN Technique
KAIZEN Technique
 
Kaizen
KaizenKaizen
Kaizen
 
Kaizen
KaizenKaizen
Kaizen
 
Four Steps of Gemba Walk Poster
Four Steps of Gemba Walk PosterFour Steps of Gemba Walk Poster
Four Steps of Gemba Walk Poster
 
Toyota production system
Toyota production systemToyota production system
Toyota production system
 
Lean Manufacturing: What is Kaizen?
Lean Manufacturing: What is Kaizen?Lean Manufacturing: What is Kaizen?
Lean Manufacturing: What is Kaizen?
 
Kaizen: Elevating Continuous Improvement for Success
Kaizen: Elevating Continuous Improvement for SuccessKaizen: Elevating Continuous Improvement for Success
Kaizen: Elevating Continuous Improvement for Success
 
Kaizen
KaizenKaizen
Kaizen
 
Kaizen Lean Assessment Audit
Kaizen Lean Assessment AuditKaizen Lean Assessment Audit
Kaizen Lean Assessment Audit
 
Kaizen Examples
Kaizen ExamplesKaizen Examples
Kaizen Examples
 
Kaizen
KaizenKaizen
Kaizen
 
Kizen
KizenKizen
Kizen
 
Kaizen final ppt
Kaizen final pptKaizen final ppt
Kaizen final ppt
 
Kaizen Training
Kaizen Training Kaizen Training
Kaizen Training
 
Kaizen
Kaizen Kaizen
Kaizen
 
Operational Excellence
Operational ExcellenceOperational Excellence
Operational Excellence
 
TPM: Focused Improvement (Kobetsu Kaizen)
TPM: Focused Improvement (Kobetsu Kaizen)TPM: Focused Improvement (Kobetsu Kaizen)
TPM: Focused Improvement (Kobetsu Kaizen)
 

Destaque

Clean Thinking Petrochmical Me (Aug 09)
Clean Thinking   Petrochmical Me (Aug 09)Clean Thinking   Petrochmical Me (Aug 09)
Clean Thinking Petrochmical Me (Aug 09)
Vivek Gautam
 
H2 O Oct Nov Issue 09
H2 O  Oct  Nov Issue 09H2 O  Oct  Nov Issue 09
H2 O Oct Nov Issue 09
Vivek Gautam
 
De rose chair
De rose chairDe rose chair
De rose chair
wazzuppa!
 

Destaque (19)

Health and wellness
Health and wellnessHealth and wellness
Health and wellness
 
Social media platforms explained
Social media platforms explainedSocial media platforms explained
Social media platforms explained
 
Nielsen-african-consumer report
Nielsen-african-consumer reportNielsen-african-consumer report
Nielsen-african-consumer report
 
HIV Surveillance by Race/Ethnicity (through 2009)
HIV Surveillance by Race/Ethnicity (through 2009)HIV Surveillance by Race/Ethnicity (through 2009)
HIV Surveillance by Race/Ethnicity (through 2009)
 
Hrmg 5700 affirmative action presentation
Hrmg 5700 affirmative action presentationHrmg 5700 affirmative action presentation
Hrmg 5700 affirmative action presentation
 
Face The Sunshine, Llc[1]
Face The Sunshine, Llc[1]Face The Sunshine, Llc[1]
Face The Sunshine, Llc[1]
 
Meaux presentation
Meaux presentationMeaux presentation
Meaux presentation
 
Prediction of soil properties with NIR data and site descriptors using prepro...
Prediction of soil properties with NIR data and site descriptors using prepro...Prediction of soil properties with NIR data and site descriptors using prepro...
Prediction of soil properties with NIR data and site descriptors using prepro...
 
Kh thompson presentation
Kh thompson presentationKh thompson presentation
Kh thompson presentation
 
Clean Thinking Petrochmical Me (Aug 09)
Clean Thinking   Petrochmical Me (Aug 09)Clean Thinking   Petrochmical Me (Aug 09)
Clean Thinking Petrochmical Me (Aug 09)
 
Status, priorities and needs for sustainable soil management in Madagascar, L...
Status, priorities and needs for sustainable soil management in Madagascar, L...Status, priorities and needs for sustainable soil management in Madagascar, L...
Status, priorities and needs for sustainable soil management in Madagascar, L...
 
H2 O Oct Nov Issue 09
H2 O  Oct  Nov Issue 09H2 O  Oct  Nov Issue 09
H2 O Oct Nov Issue 09
 
De rose chair
De rose chairDe rose chair
De rose chair
 
Product testing cheatsheet
Product testing cheatsheetProduct testing cheatsheet
Product testing cheatsheet
 
Agroecology in the Mekong region: Stock taking of practices and regional init...
Agroecology in the Mekong region: Stock taking of practices and regional init...Agroecology in the Mekong region: Stock taking of practices and regional init...
Agroecology in the Mekong region: Stock taking of practices and regional init...
 
Bhutan
BhutanBhutan
Bhutan
 
Project Management and Project Lifecycle cheatsheet
Project Management and Project Lifecycle cheatsheetProject Management and Project Lifecycle cheatsheet
Project Management and Project Lifecycle cheatsheet
 
Soil research in Ukraine: text to presentation 1 – Svyatoslav Balyuk (in Russ...
Soil research in Ukraine: text to presentation 1 – Svyatoslav Balyuk (in Russ...Soil research in Ukraine: text to presentation 1 – Svyatoslav Balyuk (in Russ...
Soil research in Ukraine: text to presentation 1 – Svyatoslav Balyuk (in Russ...
 
Climate smart agriculture project
Climate smart agriculture projectClimate smart agriculture project
Climate smart agriculture project
 

Semelhante a Kaizen

Kaizen study material
Kaizen study materialKaizen study material
Kaizen study material
Anitha CM
 
Mr. yasser mostafa kaizen the key to japan’s competitive success
Mr. yasser mostafa   kaizen the key to japan’s competitive successMr. yasser mostafa   kaizen the key to japan’s competitive success
Mr. yasser mostafa kaizen the key to japan’s competitive success
qualitysummit
 

Semelhante a Kaizen (20)

Final Kaizen
Final KaizenFinal Kaizen
Final Kaizen
 
The kaizen methodology
The kaizen methodologyThe kaizen methodology
The kaizen methodology
 
Kaizen
KaizenKaizen
Kaizen
 
TQM kaizen modified
TQM kaizen modifiedTQM kaizen modified
TQM kaizen modified
 
Kaizen study material
Kaizen study materialKaizen study material
Kaizen study material
 
Kaizen
KaizenKaizen
Kaizen
 
Gemba kaizen
Gemba kaizenGemba kaizen
Gemba kaizen
 
kaizen
kaizenkaizen
kaizen
 
Hundreds of Innovative Products and Solutions
Hundreds of Innovative Products and SolutionsHundreds of Innovative Products and Solutions
Hundreds of Innovative Products and Solutions
 
Kaizen by anurag
Kaizen  by anuragKaizen  by anurag
Kaizen by anurag
 
Mr. yasser mostafa kaizen the key to japan’s competitive success
Mr. yasser mostafa   kaizen the key to japan’s competitive successMr. yasser mostafa   kaizen the key to japan’s competitive success
Mr. yasser mostafa kaizen the key to japan’s competitive success
 
Guide kaizen
Guide kaizenGuide kaizen
Guide kaizen
 
Kaizen
KaizenKaizen
Kaizen
 
Lean tool- Kaizen
Lean tool- KaizenLean tool- Kaizen
Lean tool- Kaizen
 
Kaizen overview
Kaizen overviewKaizen overview
Kaizen overview
 
Kaizen
KaizenKaizen
Kaizen
 
Kaizen1
Kaizen1Kaizen1
Kaizen1
 
Continuous Process Improvement is a chapter of Total Quality (TQM)
Continuous Process Improvement is a chapter of Total Quality  (TQM)Continuous Process Improvement is a chapter of Total Quality  (TQM)
Continuous Process Improvement is a chapter of Total Quality (TQM)
 
Kaizen folder
Kaizen folderKaizen folder
Kaizen folder
 
5-Elements of kaizen in Total Quality Management
5-Elements of kaizen in Total Quality Management 5-Elements of kaizen in Total Quality Management
5-Elements of kaizen in Total Quality Management
 

Último

Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876
Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876
Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876
dlhescort
 
Call Now ☎️🔝 9332606886🔝 Call Girls ❤ Service In Bhilwara Female Escorts Serv...
Call Now ☎️🔝 9332606886🔝 Call Girls ❤ Service In Bhilwara Female Escorts Serv...Call Now ☎️🔝 9332606886🔝 Call Girls ❤ Service In Bhilwara Female Escorts Serv...
Call Now ☎️🔝 9332606886🔝 Call Girls ❤ Service In Bhilwara Female Escorts Serv...
Anamikakaur10
 
Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Servi...
Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Servi...Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Servi...
Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Servi...
amitlee9823
 
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi Contact Us 8377877756FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
dollysharma2066
 
Nelamangala Call Girls: 🍓 7737669865 🍓 High Profile Model Escorts | Bangalore...
Nelamangala Call Girls: 🍓 7737669865 🍓 High Profile Model Escorts | Bangalore...Nelamangala Call Girls: 🍓 7737669865 🍓 High Profile Model Escorts | Bangalore...
Nelamangala Call Girls: 🍓 7737669865 🍓 High Profile Model Escorts | Bangalore...
amitlee9823
 

Último (20)

👉Chandigarh Call Girls 👉9878799926👉Just Call👉Chandigarh Call Girl In Chandiga...
👉Chandigarh Call Girls 👉9878799926👉Just Call👉Chandigarh Call Girl In Chandiga...👉Chandigarh Call Girls 👉9878799926👉Just Call👉Chandigarh Call Girl In Chandiga...
👉Chandigarh Call Girls 👉9878799926👉Just Call👉Chandigarh Call Girl In Chandiga...
 
Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876
Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876
Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876
 
Call Girls In Panjim North Goa 9971646499 Genuine Service
Call Girls In Panjim North Goa 9971646499 Genuine ServiceCall Girls In Panjim North Goa 9971646499 Genuine Service
Call Girls In Panjim North Goa 9971646499 Genuine Service
 
Famous Olympic Siblings from the 21st Century
Famous Olympic Siblings from the 21st CenturyFamous Olympic Siblings from the 21st Century
Famous Olympic Siblings from the 21st Century
 
It will be International Nurses' Day on 12 May
It will be International Nurses' Day on 12 MayIt will be International Nurses' Day on 12 May
It will be International Nurses' Day on 12 May
 
Call Now ☎️🔝 9332606886🔝 Call Girls ❤ Service In Bhilwara Female Escorts Serv...
Call Now ☎️🔝 9332606886🔝 Call Girls ❤ Service In Bhilwara Female Escorts Serv...Call Now ☎️🔝 9332606886🔝 Call Girls ❤ Service In Bhilwara Female Escorts Serv...
Call Now ☎️🔝 9332606886🔝 Call Girls ❤ Service In Bhilwara Female Escorts Serv...
 
Dr. Admir Softic_ presentation_Green Club_ENG.pdf
Dr. Admir Softic_ presentation_Green Club_ENG.pdfDr. Admir Softic_ presentation_Green Club_ENG.pdf
Dr. Admir Softic_ presentation_Green Club_ENG.pdf
 
Enhancing and Restoring Safety & Quality Cultures - Dave Litwiller - May 2024...
Enhancing and Restoring Safety & Quality Cultures - Dave Litwiller - May 2024...Enhancing and Restoring Safety & Quality Cultures - Dave Litwiller - May 2024...
Enhancing and Restoring Safety & Quality Cultures - Dave Litwiller - May 2024...
 
Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Servi...
Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Servi...Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Servi...
Call Girls Electronic City Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Servi...
 
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 98765-12871 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 98765-12871 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Ludhiana Just Call 98765-12871 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 98765-12871 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Organizational Transformation Lead with Culture
Organizational Transformation Lead with CultureOrganizational Transformation Lead with Culture
Organizational Transformation Lead with Culture
 
Call Girls Service In Old Town Dubai ((0551707352)) Old Town Dubai Call Girl ...
Call Girls Service In Old Town Dubai ((0551707352)) Old Town Dubai Call Girl ...Call Girls Service In Old Town Dubai ((0551707352)) Old Town Dubai Call Girl ...
Call Girls Service In Old Town Dubai ((0551707352)) Old Town Dubai Call Girl ...
 
VVVIP Call Girls In Greater Kailash ➡️ Delhi ➡️ 9999965857 🚀 No Advance 24HRS...
VVVIP Call Girls In Greater Kailash ➡️ Delhi ➡️ 9999965857 🚀 No Advance 24HRS...VVVIP Call Girls In Greater Kailash ➡️ Delhi ➡️ 9999965857 🚀 No Advance 24HRS...
VVVIP Call Girls In Greater Kailash ➡️ Delhi ➡️ 9999965857 🚀 No Advance 24HRS...
 
Mondelez State of Snacking and Future Trends 2023
Mondelez State of Snacking and Future Trends 2023Mondelez State of Snacking and Future Trends 2023
Mondelez State of Snacking and Future Trends 2023
 
Cracking the Cultural Competence Code.pptx
Cracking the Cultural Competence Code.pptxCracking the Cultural Competence Code.pptx
Cracking the Cultural Competence Code.pptx
 
MONA 98765-12871 CALL GIRLS IN LUDHIANA LUDHIANA CALL GIRL
MONA 98765-12871 CALL GIRLS IN LUDHIANA LUDHIANA CALL GIRLMONA 98765-12871 CALL GIRLS IN LUDHIANA LUDHIANA CALL GIRL
MONA 98765-12871 CALL GIRLS IN LUDHIANA LUDHIANA CALL GIRL
 
(Anamika) VIP Call Girls Napur Call Now 8617697112 Napur Escorts 24x7
(Anamika) VIP Call Girls Napur Call Now 8617697112 Napur Escorts 24x7(Anamika) VIP Call Girls Napur Call Now 8617697112 Napur Escorts 24x7
(Anamika) VIP Call Girls Napur Call Now 8617697112 Napur Escorts 24x7
 
Uneak White's Personal Brand Exploration Presentation
Uneak White's Personal Brand Exploration PresentationUneak White's Personal Brand Exploration Presentation
Uneak White's Personal Brand Exploration Presentation
 
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi Contact Us 8377877756FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
 
Nelamangala Call Girls: 🍓 7737669865 🍓 High Profile Model Escorts | Bangalore...
Nelamangala Call Girls: 🍓 7737669865 🍓 High Profile Model Escorts | Bangalore...Nelamangala Call Girls: 🍓 7737669865 🍓 High Profile Model Escorts | Bangalore...
Nelamangala Call Girls: 🍓 7737669865 🍓 High Profile Model Escorts | Bangalore...
 

Kaizen

  • 2. Kaizen Origin Kaizen, pronounced as “k-eye-zin,” literally means continuous improvement and the Kaizen principle originated from the Japanese philosophy of work. The concept of Kaizen became popular in the United States only by the late 1980’s. It was found that the performance of Japanese companies were much better than their American counterparts after applying the Kaizen principle.
  • 3. Kaizen Meaning Kaizen (改善), Japanese for "improvement" or "change for the best", refers to philosophy or practices that focus upon continuous improvement of processes in manufacturing, engineering, business management or any process.
  • 4. Kaizen The Kaizen Principle The concept of Kaizen can be explained as a principle of continuous improvement. According to the Kaizen philosophy, a series of small improvements made continuously over a long period of time can result in drastic improvement in business processes.
  • 6. Kaizen Limits and Risks Kaizen is a tool that has to be used in a business environment which has long-term goals. Using the Kaizen principle need not resolve a particular problem completely and immediately. Thus, to implement the Kaizen philosophy, the practitioners need to be patient. Thus, the Kaizen principle is not meant for everyone.
  • 7. Kaizen Characteristics of Kaizen • One of the main characteristic of Kaizen is on finding the root cause of mistakes made and correcting them. • Each error is seen as an opportunity in the path of improvement. Kaizen is more process-focused than results- focused. • Kaizen also seeks to improve the systems rather than the human resources. • Kaizen practitioners spend a lot of their time to measure customer satisfaction and error rates.
  • 8. • They also make use of meetings and such opportunities to discuss avenues for improvement. • Kaizen focuses on incremental improvements rather than exact solutions to problems. • The focus of small improvements in Kaizen makes it easier to implement. • The Kaizen philosophy of work is to stress employee participation in decision making process. Kaizen Characteristics of Kaizen
  • 9. Kaizen Kaizen Blitz A Kaizen blitz or event is when the entire team involved in a process focuses on one particular aspect in order to improve its efficiency and performance. As everyone is involved, all facets of that particular event are examined, and with the breadth of the experience going into the thinking, the event itself is bound to find some particular idea or ideas that have not been examined previously. By tackling all aspects of a process, the improvements are real and continuous and result in remarkable achievements. This leads to a lean manufacturing program that is very economical in terms of time, effort and resources. This can only add to the overall profitability of a company and its efficiency in operations.
  • 10. Kaizen How I’ve practiced Kaizen. • What’s the Big Idea (WTBI) Brainstorming session. • HumanaVitality Wellness Feedback Booths
  • 11. … and that is Kaizen. Works Cited: • Bright Hub PM, Project Planning. Explaining the Kaizen Principle, 2010. Website: http://www.brighthubpm.com/project- planning/100172-explaining-the-kaizen- principle/#imgn_0, Date of access: 04/01/2014, 04/11/2014. • Bright Hub PM, Six Sigma. Getting Acquainted With the Kaizen Philosophy, 2013. Website: http://www.brighthubpm.com/six-sigma/50277- introduction-to-the-kaizen-philosophy/#imgn_0, Date of access: 04/01/2014, 04/11/2014. • Lareau, William. Office Kaizen: Transforming Office Operations Into a Strategic Competitive Advantage. Amer Society for Quality; Reprint edition (July 2002). Print. • Krajewski, Lee J, Ritzman,Larry P., and Malhotra, Manoj K. Operations Management: Processes and Supply Chains, Student Value Edition (10th Edition). Publication Date: January 21, 2012. Print.