Antiepileptic drugs classification with there mode of actions, side effects and important points.

1. ANTIEPILEPTI
C DRUGS
DEFINATIONS
CLASSIFICATIONS
PHARMACOLOGY
MECHENISM OF
ACTION
SIDE EFFECTS
DRUG-DURG
INTRACTION
IMPORTANT POITS.

2. EPILEPSIES
 A disease of the brain that can cause a person to
becomes unconscious , sometimes its leads to violent
movement that the person can’t control.
 Types of epilepsy seizures
 1-Generalised seizures Generalized tonic clonic
seizures(GTCS) , Absence seizures , Atonic seizures ,
Myoclonic seizures , Infantile spasm(hypsarrythmia).
 2-Partial seizures Simple partial seizures ,
complex partial seizures.

3. CLASSIFICATION
 1-Barbiturates:- Phenobarbitone
 2-Deoxybarbiturate:-Primidone
 3-Hydantoin:- Phenytoin,Fosphenytoin
 4-Iminostilbene:-Carbamazepine,Oxcarbazepine
 5-Succinamide:-Ethosuximide
 6-Aliphatic carboxylic acid:-Valproic acid (Sodium
Valprote)
 7-BZD:-Diazepam,lorazepam,clonazepam
 8-Cyclic GABA analogues:-Pregabaline ,
Gabapentine
 9-phenyltriazine:-Lemotrigine
 10-Newer Drugs-Topiramate,Lacosamide
,zonisamide,Levetiracetam,Vigabatrin,Tiagabine.

4. PHARMACOLOGY
 1.BARBITURATES-Structure of barbiturates,
MOA-BZD bind to alpha and beta
site of GABAa-BZD-Chloride
channel complex and open the
chloride channel and chloride ion
influx is increase.
o Majorly barbiturates are use in form of general
anesthetics,sedative,hypnotics,antiepilepsy,
and antipsycotics.
o Barbiturate are made up form malonic and urea.
o Magnesium sulphate is use as a antidote of
baribiturate.

5. CLASSIFICATION
 Long acting barbiturates-Phenobarbitone,mephobarbiton
 Short acting-Pentobarbitone,Butobarbitone
 Ultra short acting-Methohexitone,thiopentone
 2.Deoxybarbiturate MOA-Same as bariturates eg-
primodone.
 3.Hydantoin MOA-Prolongation of inactive sodium(na+)
channel.
eg- Phenytoin,fosphenytoin

6. CLASSIFICATION
 4.IMINOSTILBENE MOA –Prolongation of inactive sodium(na+) channel.
eg-Carbamazepine,Oxacarbazepine
Side effect of carbamazepine is steave
o 5.SUCCINAMIDE MOA- Inhibition T type Ca+2 current
o Eg-Ethosuximide
o 6.ALIPHATIC CARBOXYLIC ACID-
Valproic acid,Divalproex
o 7.BENZODIAZIPINES MOA- Work at mid brain ascending reticular
formation(which maintains wakefullness).
o BZD act by enhancing per/postsynaptic inhibition through a specific BZD
receptor(GABA –CL Channel complex)
o BZD binds on alpha and gamma sub unite of that complex and increase the
frequency of cl channel opening by submaximal concentration of GABA.
o BZD also enhance GABA binding to GABAa receptor.

7. CLASSIFICATION
 Eg- Diazepam,Lorazepam,Clonazepam
 8.PHEYLTRIAZINE MOA-Prolongation of inactive
sodium(na+) channel. Eg- Lamotrigine
 9.CYCLIC GABA ANALOGUE MOA- Lipophilic gaba
derivatives cross the brain and enhance GABA release
and then cl ion channel opening
 Eg-Gabapentine,pregabaline
 10.NEWER DRUGS-Topiramate,Zonisamide, Vigabatrin
tiagabine,Lacosamide,levetiracetam
 NA+ CHANNEL INACTIVATION-
Topiramate,zonisamide,Lacosamide

8. IMP. POINTS
 CI ION CHANNEL OPENING-Viabatrin,Tiagabine
 VALPROIC ACID is only drug which work onto Na ion,
Ca ion, Cl ion.
 ZONISAMIDE work onto Na ion and Ca ion.
 VALPROIC ACID is use in Bipolar disorder.
 NA+ CHANNEL BLOCKER-
Zonisamide,carbamazipine,lamotrigine,Tomiramate,laco
samide,Phenytoin