1. CHAPTER 6 TERMS & IDENTIFY
JUSTIN JONES

2. PANCHO VILLA
José Doroteo Arango Arámbula (5 June 1878 –
20 July 1923), better known by his pseudonym
Francisco Villa or its hypocorism Pancho Villa,
was one of the most prominent Mexican
Revolutionary generals. As commander the
División del Norte (Division of the North), he
was the veritable caudillo of the Northern
Mexican state of Chihuahua which, given its
size, mineral wealth, and proximity to the
United States of America, provided him with
extensive resources. Villa was also provisional
Governor of Chihuahua in 1913 and 1914.
Although he was prevented from being
accepted into the "panteón" of national heroes
until some 20 years after his death, today his
memory is honored by Mexicans, Americans,
and many people around the world.

3. FRANZ FERDINAND
Franz Ferdinand (18 December
1863–28 June 1914) was an
Archduke of Austria-Este, Austro-
Hungarian and Royal Prince of
Hungary and of Bohemia, and from
1889 until his death, heir
presumptive to the Austro-
Hungarian throne. His
assassination in Sarajevo
precipitated Austria-Hungary's
declaration of war against Serbia.
This caused Germany and Austria-
Hungary, and countries allied with
Serbia (the Triple Alliance Powers)
to declare war on each other,
starting World War I.

4. ALLIES OF WORLD WAR 1
Entente Powers were the countries at
war with the Central Powers during
World War I. The key members of the
Triple Entente were the United
Kingdom, France, and the Russian
Empire. These other countries were
also drawn into a war, with some
country in the Central Powers, and
were allied with a member of the
Entente: Belgium, Serbia, Italy,
Japan, Greece, Romania

5. CENTRAL POWERS
The Central Powers was one of the two
sides that participated in World War I
and was also known as the Triple
Alliance, the other being the Triple
Entente (Allied Powers). It was made
up of the German Empire, the Austro-
Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman
Empire, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria.

6. SUSSEX PLEDGE
The Sussex pledge was a promise
made in 1916 during World War I by
Germany to the United States prior
to the latter's entry into the war.
Early in 1916, Germany had
instituted a policy of unrestricted
submarine warfare, allowing armed
merchant ships – but not passenger
ships – to be torpedoed without
warning.

7. ZIMMERMANn TELLEGRAM
The Zimmermann Telegram (or
Zimmermann Note) was a 1917
diplomatic proposal from the
German Empire to Mexico to make
war against the United States. The
proposal was declined by Mexico, but
angered Americans and led in part to
a U.S. declaration of war in April.

8. WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD
The War Industries Board (WIB)
was a United States government
agency established on July 28,
1917, during World War I, to
coordinate the purchase of war
supplies. The organization
encouraged companies to use
mass-production techniques to
increase efficiency and urged
them to eliminate waste by
standardizing products. The
board set production quotas and
allocated raw materials. It also
conducted psychological testing
to help people find the right jobs.

9. Bernard
Bernard Mannes Baruch
(August 19, 1870 – June 20,
1965) was an American
financier, stock-market
speculator, statesman, and
political consultant. After his
success in business, he devoted
his time toward advising U.S.
Presidents Woodrow Wilson and
Franklin D. Roosevelt on
economic matters.

10. LIBERTY BOND
A Liberty Bond was a war bond
that was sold in the United States
to support the allied cause in World
War I. Subscribing to the bonds
became a symbol of patriotic duty
in the United States and introduced
the idea of financial securities to
many citizens for the first time.
The Act of Congress which
authorized the Liberty Bonds is
still used today as the authority
under which all U.S. Treasury
bonds are issued.

11. Victory
War bonds are debt securities issued by a
government for the purpose of financing
military operations during times of war.
War bonds generate capital for the
government and make civilians feel
involved in their national militaries. This
system is also useful as a means of
controlling inflation in such an
overstimulated economy by removing
money from circulation until hopefully
after the war is concluded. At that point,
the funds could be liquidated and serve as
an stimulus to encourage consumer
spending for the economy transitioning to
peacetime activity. Exhortations to buy
war bonds are often accompanied with
appeals to patriotism and conscience.
Government-issued war bonds tend to have
a yield which is below market value and are
often made available in a wide range of
denominations to make them affordable to
all citizens.

12. COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
The Committee on Public
Information, also known as the CPI
or the Creel Committee, was an
independent agency of the
government of the United States
created to influence U.S. public
opinion regarding American
participation in World War I. Over
just 28 months, from April 13,
1917, to August 21, 1919, it used
every medium available to create
enthusiasm for the war effort and
enlist public support against foreign
attempts to undercut America's war
aims

13. Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (22 April
1870 – 21 January 1924), born
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, was a
Russian Marxist revolutionary
and communist politician who
led the October Revolution of
1917. As leader of the
Bolsheviks, he headed the Soviet
state during its initial years
(1917–1924), leading the
country through the Russian
Civil War, and worked to create
a socialist economic system.

14. Treaty of Brest-
The Treaty of Brest-
Litovsk
Litovsk was a peace
treaty signed on
March 3, 1918, at
Brest-Litovsk (now
Brest, Belarus)
between Russia (the
Russian Soviet
Federated Socialist
Republic) and the
Central Powers,
headed by Germany,
marking Russia's exit
from World War I.

15. Fourteen The Fourteen Points was a speech
delivered by United States President
Woodrow Wilson to a joint session of
Congress on January 8, 1918. The
address was intended to assure the
country that the Great War was
being fought for a moral cause and
for postwar peace in Europe. People
in Europe generally welcomed
Wilson's intervention, but his Allied
colleagues (Georges Clemenceau,
David Lloyd George and Vittorio
Emanuele Orlando) were skeptical of
the applicability of Wilsonian
idealism.

16. THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
The League of Nations (LON) was an
intergovernmental organization founded as
a result of the Paris Peace Conference, and
the precursor to the United Nations. At its
greatest extent from 28 September 1934 to
23 February 1935, it had 58 members. The
League's primary goals, as stated in its
Covenant, included preventing war through
collective security, disarmament, and
settling international disputes through
negotiation and arbitration. Other goals in
this and related treaties included labour
conditions, just treatment of native
inhabitants, trafficking in persons and drugs,
arms trade, global health, prisoners of war,
and protection of minorities in Europe.

17. Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace
treaties at the end of World War I. It ended
the state of war between Germany and the
Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June
1919, exactly five years after the
assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
The other Central Powers on the German
side of World War I were dealt with in
separate treaties. Although the armistice
signed on 11 November 1918 ended the
actual fighting, it took six months of
negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference
to conclude the peace treaty. The treaty was
registered by the Secretariat of the League
of Nations on October 21, 1919, and was
printed in The League of Nations Treaty
Series.

18. Red
The term Red Scare denotes two
distinct periods of strong Anti-
Communism in the United States:
the First Red Scare, from 1919 to
1920, and the Second Red Scare,
from 1947 to 1957. The First Red
Scare was about worker (socialist)
revolution and political radicalism.
The Second Red Scare was focused
on (national and foreign)
communists influencing society or
infiltrating the federal government,
or both.

19. ALEXANDER MITCHELL PALMER
Alexander Mitchell
Palmer (May 4, 1872 –
May 11, 1936) was
Attorney General of the
United States from 1919
to 1921. He was
nicknamed The Fighting
Quaker and he directed
the controversial Palmer
Raids.

20. J. Edgar
John Edgar Hoover (January 1, 1895
– May 2, 1972) was the first Director
of the Federal Bureau of
Investigation (FBI) of the United
States. Appointed director of the
Bureau of Investigation—predecessor
to the FBI—in 1924, he was
instrumental in founding the FBI in
1935, where he remained director
until his death in 1972. Hoover is
credited with building the FBI into a
large and efficient crime-fighting
agency, and with instituting a
number of modern innovations to
police technology, such as a
centralized fingerprint file and
forensic laboratories.

21. WORKS CITED
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