This lesson discusses people in media and people as media. People in media are media practitioners like journalists who provide information from their expertise. People as media are well-informed media users who act as intermediaries and sources of interpretation for other users. Examples of people as media include opinion leaders, citizen journalists, social journalists, and crowdsourcing. The lesson provides examples and discusses the roles, advantages, and limitations of people in and as media through various activities and assessments.

1. MEDIA AND INFORMATION
LITERACY (MIL)
11. People Media
Mr. Arniel Ping
St. Stephen’s High School
Manila, Philippines
Updated:
February 19, 2017

2. LEARNING COMPETENCIES
Students will be able to…
• describe the different dimensions of people
media (MIL11/12PM-IVa-1);
• categorize different examples of people and
state reasons for such categorization
(MIL11/12PM-IVa-2); and
• cite studies showing proofs of positive and
negative effects of media, information on
individual and society (MIL11/12PM-IVa-1).

3. CONTENT
11. People Media
A. People as Media and People in Media
1. Definition
2. Characteristics
3. Format and Types
4. Advantages and Limitations
5. Value
6. Others

4. PEOPLE MEDIA
refers to persons that are
involved in the use, analysis,
evaluation and production of
media and information (Source:
MIL Curriculum Guide by DepEd)
People in Media and People as
Media
How do you understand the term
“people media”?

5. Who do you think are “people media”?
Photo Credit: https://www.shutterstock.com/video/clip-1251676-stock-
footage-business-people-shaking-question-mark-signs.html

6. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT.
KEY TYPE. WRITE “PAS” FOR PEOPLE AS MEDIA AND
“PIN” FOR PEOPLE IN MEDIA.
1. SHS Teacher 6. Radio Commentator
2. Independent Blogger 7. YouTubers
3. Print Journalist 8. News Reporter
4. Your Classmate 9. Facebook User
5. Movie Director 10. College Professor

7. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: VENN DIAGRAM
People
as
Media
People
in
Media
• People who are
well-oriented
to media
sources and
messages and
able to provide
information as
accurate and
reliable as
possible.
• Media
practitioners
who provide
information
coming from
their expert
knowledge or
first- hand
experience of
event.
PEOPLE MEDIA

8. PEOPLE AS MEDIA
1.Opinion Leaders
2.Citizen Journalism
3.Social Journalism
4.Crowdsourcing
Photo Credit: https://anhsg11gasa.wordpress.com/tag/people-as-media/

9. PEOPLE AS MEDIA
OPINION LEADERS
• highly exposed to and
actively using media
• source of viable
interpretation of messages
for lower- end media users
• opinions are accepted by a
group

10. Photo Credit:
http://study.com/academy/lesson/two-
step-flow-communication-model.html
The Two-step Flow
Communication
Model (1944) Paul
Lazarsfeld, Bernard
Berelson, and Hazel
Gaudet
PEOPLE AS MEDIA: OPINION LEADERS

11. PEOPLE AS MEDIA
CITIZEN JOURNALISM
• People without
professional journalism
training can use the tools
of modern technology and
internet to create,
augment or fact-check
media on their own or in
collaboration with others. Photo Credit: http://www.dgiwire.com/what-
citizen-journalism-means-for-your-company/

12. PEOPLE AS MEDIA: CITIZEN JOURNALISM
Photo Credit:
https://medium.com/
@stephenkhan/move-
over-citizen-
journalism-here-
comes-smart-
journalism-
ace72f97a389#.sken4r
j5m

13. PEOPLE AS MEDIA
SOCIAL JOURNALISM
• Journalists are using social
media to make their
content available to more
people.
Photo Credit:
http://www.cision.com/us/resources/white-
papers/social-journalism-study/

14. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
CARTOON ANALYSIS: SOCIAL JOURNALISM
Source: http://www.socialconnectblueprint.com/citizen-journalism-and-
social-media-are-driving-the-information-revolution/

15. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: RECITATION
What are the similarities
and differences between
citizen journalism and
social journalism?

16. PEOPLE AS MEDIA
CROWDSOURCING
•the practice of obtaining
needed services, ideas,
or content by soliciting
contributions from a
large group of people
and especially from the
online community…
(Source: https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/crowdsourcing)
Photo Credit:
http://www.richmedia.com/richideas/articles/c
rowdsourcing-how-to-hire-the-world

17. EXAMPLE OF CROWDSOURCING
Photo Credit: https://plus.google.com/+TripAdvisor

18. EXAMPLE OF CROWDSOURCING
Photo Credit: https://www.waze.com/

19. EXAMPLE OF CROWDSOURCING
Photo Credit: Wikipedia

20. PEOPLE IN MEDIA
• media practitioners
• provide information
coming from their
expert knowledge or
first- hand experience
of events
Photo Credit:
http://www.medianewser.com/2015/01/mnp-q-maricel-halili-news-correspondent.html

21. PEOPLE IN MEDIA
TYPES OF JOURNALIST BY
MEDIUM
• Print Journalists
• Photojournalists
• Broadcast Journalists
• Multimedia Journalist
Photo Credit:
http://www.123rf.com/stock-photo/camera.html
http://www.nwitimes.com/entertainment/columnists/offbeat/offbeat-superman-s-alter-ego-clark-kent-
quits-reporter-job/article_d1daf262-0f4a-5f37-92ff-f17dbafa0132.html
http://karrierebibel.de/ausbildung-journalist/
https://clipartfest.com/">clipartfest.com</

22. PEOPLE IN MEDIA
Photo Credit: http://beta.abs-cbn.com/schedule?day=0

23. PEOPLE IN MEDIA
Photo Credit: http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/387200/cbb/gma-news-and-public-
affairs-announces-big-changes-in-news-lineup

24. PEOPLE IN MEDIA
Photo Credit: http://www.medianewser.com/2014/02/alex-santos-resurfaces-on-radio.html

25. PEOPLE IN MEDIA
Photo Credit: https://twitter.com/josemariaclaro and http://www.philstar.com/opinion
Philippine Daily Inquirer The Philippine Star

27. SUMMARY OF THE LESSON:
PEOPLE IN MEDIA AND PEOPLE AS MEDIA
People in
Media
People as
Media
Lower - end
Media Users
• media users
• well-oriented to media sources and
messages
• intermediaries, provide information to
lower- end media users
• media practitioners
• experts
• provide information to media users
• people with limited
access to media and
information

28. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: RECITATION
1. What is the difference
between people as media
and people in media?
2. What are the advantages and
limitations of people as
media? People in media?

29. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT:
CARTOON ANALYSIS
Source: https://irisfan23.wordpress.com/2012/07/31/constructive-
role-of-citizen-journalism-6/

30. CLASS ACTIVITY: CASE STUDY
Case Study: The Power of Citizen Journalism
Demonstrates the Need for Standards by
Michelle Leibowitz
Retrieved February 16, 2017 from
http://www.salzburg.umd.edu/lessons/citizen-
journalism

31. CLASS ACTIVITY: CASE STUDY
Suspek sa Pagpatay sa Isang Siklista, Binigyan
ng MPD Ng Hanggang 5 p.m. Para Sumuko
Published on Jul 27, 2016
by YouTube Channel: GMA News and Current Affairs
Retrieved on Feb. 18, 2017 from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VE8GHioR1YU

32. CLASS ACTIVITY: CASE STUDY
IMPACT OF CITIZEN JOURNALISM
AND SOCIAL MEDIA
• The video of the road rage turned into shooting
incident in Quiapo became viral after it was shared
by Top Gear Philippines on Facebook.
• Top Gear wrongfully accused Mr. Nestor Punzalan
as the suspect in the said shooting incident.

33. CLASS ACTIVITY: CASE STUDY
IMPACT OF CITIZEN JOURNALISM
AND SOCIAL MEDIA
• Mr. Nestor Punzalan and his wife deactivated their
Facebook accounts after receiving bashings and
death threats. Mr. Punzalan even went to the police
to clear his name.
• Undeniably, social media was also instrumental in
the arrest of the suspect Vhon Tanto who later
admitted his crime on national television.

34. CLASS ACTIVITY: CASE STUDY
CLASS DISUSSION
•How was Mr. Nestor Punzalan affected by
being wrongfully accused in social media as
the suspect in the said shooting incident?
•What is the liability of Top Gear, other media
outlets, and netizens who wrongfully accused
Mr. Nestor Punzalan as the suspect in the said
shooting incident?

35. CLASS ACTIVITY: CASE STUDY
CLASS DISUSSION
•What role was played by citizen journalism
and social media in this incident?
•What positive and negative effects of media
and information on individual and society
were evident in this incident?

36. CLASS ACTIVITY: CASE STUDY
CLASS DISUSSION
•What important lessons can we learn from
this event as a social media user?
•How can we prevent this kind of incident as
experienced by Mr. Punzalan from happening
in the future?

37. REFERENCES
• Media and Information Literacy Curriculum
Guide by DepEd
• Media and Information Literacy by Boots
Liquigan, Diwa
• http://communicationtheory.org/two-step-
flow-theory-2/
• http://mediashift.org/2006/09/your-guide-
to-citizen-journalism270/

38. REFERENCES
• https://mobilizingideas.wordpress.com/2012
/09/03/people-as-media-campaigns-and-
actually-existing-democracy/
• http://groups.haas.berkeley.edu/marketing/si
cs/SICS%202008%20Papers/m.pdf
• http://journalistsresource.org/studies/society
/social-media/social-media-sharing-news-
opinion-leadership

39. REFERENCES
• http://blog.storyful.com/2014/03/12/ten-
principles-that-power-social-
journalism/#.V7lSuVR944l
• https://gigaom.com/2014/04/01/social-
journalism-and-open-platforms-are-the-
new-normal-now-we-have-to-make-them-
work/

40. REFERENCES
• http://www.cbsnews.com/news/what-is-
crowdsourcing/
• http://learn.org/articles/What_are_the_Differe
nt_Types_of_Journalism.html
• http://www.thenewsmanual.net/Manuals%20V
olume%201/volume1_02.htm
• http://www.salzburg.umd.edu/lessons/citizen
-journalism