1. ESCUELA DE IDIOMAS
NOMBRE: COLOMA JULIO CESAR

2.  CONTRASTIVE LINGUSTIC
 COLOMA JULIO CESAR

4. Linguistics
 Initially used in the middle of 19th century to difference
a newer approach to the study of language with then
developing and traditional approach of philology
 Franz Boas, in adition was the first to apply the
comparative method to study native american
languages
 Currently linguistics have new branches it have been
developed in combination with other disciplnes that are
 Sociolinguistics, phycolinguistics, computational
linguistics, anthropological linguistics, socio ethnic
linguistics, aplied linguistics,

5. phonology Contrastrive analisis stand a for applied
contrastive studies deal with the practical consequences
of differences betwen contrasted languages for teaching
purposes
ACS theoretical linguistic componet – TCS/(theoretical
contrastive studies) can be performed on the level of
phonology, phonology, lexicon, syntax,
semantics,pragmatics,texluiguistics
Study contrast or comparison of two or more languages
structures whose subject matter is more specific
Comparative linguistics is concerned whit comparing
languages in order to establish their historical relatedness.

6. Relevant and rewarding study area for certain tipes of
students
Students of applied linguistics to teach a foreign
language
Students from language specific descriptive CL
courses
 Contrastive linguistic syllabus
 Lexis(language-terminology;terms expresions)
 Sound(utterances)
 Sintax(grammar, sentence,structure,languagerules)

7. Contyrastive analysis
 Sound systems involve phonological or phonetic
contrast
Contrastive pragmatics
 The study of the ability of natural language
speakers to comunicate more than that is explicity
stated
 Deals whit the ways we reach our goal in
comunication
 Methodology
 The phonological systems migth be donein isolated
or contextualized parameters
 Other languages wich are not derived from the
same ancestor may not use the contrastive
method. It becomes impracticable

8. New trends
 Althougth lado (1957)included a comparison of
cultures studies focused on what has been
described as microlinguistics
Contrastive analisys
Role of corpora
 Is a body of texts,utterances, or other specimens
considered more or less representative
 It supplies references to description of linguistic
phenomenain the students mother tongue
 The contrast identified should be categorized and
ranked in strength reflecting relative learning
difficulty

9. Language
 The study spotligth of linguistics is
language.concept on it have been stated
acording to different points of viewof researches
 “language is the system of human comunication
wich consist of the structured arrangement of
sounds or their written representation into larger
units e.g.morphemes words, sentences,
utterances”Richards(1999)
“language is an arbitrary structured system of
utterances- sound, gestures,signs, and movements,
written symbols, morphemes, words and sentences
used for human comunication”

10.  Ethnology list sbout 6.912 living
languages in the world up to 2005
language speakers
World area Number percent percent
Asia 2.269 32.8% 61%
Africa 2.092 30.3% 11.8%
Pacific 1.310 19% 0.1%
Americas 1002 14.5% 0.8%
Europe 239 3.5% 26.3%
totals 6.912 100% 100%

11. Language with over 100millon speakers
languages Speakers (in millons)
1st language 2nd language Total
Mandarin 873 178 1.051
Hindi/ urdu 366 224 590
English 340 168 508
Arabic 206 246 452
Spanish 322 60 382
Russian 145 110 255
Bengali 171 34 211
Portuguese 177 15 192
Indonesian 23 140 163
German 95 28 123
Japanese 122 1 123
french 65 50 115
These languages are spoken by over 4,041,000,000 people or 61% of the
current world population

12. Languages by Secondary speakers Primary speaker
number of speakers French population
Chinesse Mandarin
English
Spanish Russian Chinesse
Portuguese English
English
Arabic Spanish
Bengali Russian
Spanish
Hindi/urdu French
Chinese
Hindi/urdu
Arabic German
Arabic
Portuguese japanese
Portuguese
Russian Bengali
japanese
Japanese
german
german
french

13. People communicate in endless way due
to the vast places they live in and
accordingly to their lifestyles.
The languages are clasificated into
verbal-spoken
written or symbolic language
Ideografic written

14. Sound
Syllabic Expresing
written
written but syllable
by syllabe
Alphabetic Letters use
symbolic
written alphabetic
symbols
Use
Idiograms idiograms
symbols
(chinese)

15. An inconsistenciy might be related to
incompatibility which is the cuality or state
of being inconsistence; discosdant in
respect to action such contrariety between
two things that both can not exist or be
true together.

16. These inconsistences happen due to:
 The same letter or letter combination
can refer to different sounds
 The same sound can be written wirh
different letters or letterscombination
 Difrerent dialects pronunce the same
word differently

17. A group of the same or similar elements
gathered or occurring closely together is a
cluster.
Linguistically, a clusters occurs when there
are two or more successive vowels or
consonants in spelling or utterances.
Diphthongs are a kind of clusters.

18. orthografic (letters)
CLUSTERS= group symbols
phonetic (sounds)
Clusters (2 or more adjacent similar)

19.  This deal with the pronunciation that
students give to synthetic words
orthographic
vowel-cluster
Ejm:
E <late> /´leyt/
S < piedad> /pye´dad/
F <moi> /mwa/

20. CONSONANT CLUSTER
<Orthografic> /Phonetic/
Inicial Middle Final

21. 1. CCV a) /p,b,k,g,f/ + / l /
/r/ S
b) /p,t,k,b,d,g,f/ + R sounds /ɹ / E
/ʁ/ F
2. CCCV S E F
/´stɹ / /´stʁ/
X /´spl/ /´spl/
/´skɹ/ /´skʁ /
/´spɹ/ /´spʁ /

22. From two up to four-medial consonant
clusters vccv / vcccv / vccccv / ; except
English which may pile up to five consonant
clusters /vcccccv/
Ejm:
S: <obra> /obra/
E: <order> /ͻ ɹdar/
<corkswcrew> /’kͻ ɹkskluw/
F: <cyclism> /siklizm/

23. FINAL CLUSTER
S E F
VCC VCC
VCCC VCCC
VCCCC