hierarchy of life, integumentary system

1. Life Science
Human Body Systems
Intro to Anatomy & Skin

2. What is a System in Science?
system sys·tem (sĭs'təm) n.
• A group of interacting, interdependent elements
that work together to form a complex whole.
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Cardiovascular System
Digestive System
Endocrine System
Nervous System
Lymphatic System
Respiratory System
Integumentary System
Excretory System

3. Hierarchy of Life
• Atom
• Molecule
• Cell
• Tissue
• Organ
• System
• Organism
• Population
• Community
• Ecosystem
• Biosphere

4. Atoms to Organism

5. Atoms: the
Building
Blocks of
Matter
• Protons (+)
& Neutrons (0)
in the nucleus
• Electrons (-)
around the outside
in energy “shells”
• Atoms link together
to form moleculesBeryllium Atom

6. Molecules: Building Blocks of Cell Structures
Nutrient Function Food Source Building Block Examples
Carbohydrate Fast (easy-access)
energy,
converted to ATP
Fruits, veggies,
grains, dairy &
starchy foods
Saccharides
(sugars)
Glucose,
Dextrose,
Lactose,
Fructose,
Cellulose
Lipid Stored energy,
insulation, vitamin
storage, hormone-
building, cell
membranes
Animal fats &
vegetable oils
Fatty Acids Saturated &
Unsaturated
fats
Protein Building cell
structures, oxygen
transport, immune
defenses, &
chemical reactions
Meat, fish,
poultry, eggs,
nuts, dairy,
legumes
Amino Acids
Membrane
receptors,
hemoglobin,
antibodies,
enzymes
Nucleic Acids
Cary instructions
for protein-building
ALL living cells
(all foods)
contain DNA
Nucleotides DNA
&
RNA
H O
OH
H
OHH
OH
CH2OH
H
-D-glucose
OH
H H O
OH
H
OHH
OH
CH2OH
H
H
OH
-D-glucose
23
4
5
6
1 1
6
5
4
3 2

7. • All living things are made up of cells.
– All cells have DNA, cytoplasm, & a cell membrane
– There are two major cell types:
PROKARYOTIC Cells
– Bacteria and archaea
– Tiny
– Single loop of DNA in a
nucleoid region
EUKARYOTIC Cells
– Plants, animals, fungi and protists
– Have an enclosed nucleus
– Have membrane-bound organelles
Cells: the Basic Unit of Life

8. Tissues: Groups of Similar Cells

9. Organs
Perform
Specific
Tasks
• Made of
different
tissues that
interact to
accomplish
a certain job

10. Human Body Systems
• Groups of organs working together to carry out
specific functions in the body.

11. Skin: Your Personal Force-Field
• Biggest organ in your body
• With sunlight, makes vitamin D
– helps with calcium absorption
• Protects against:
– physical damage to internal
organs (dirt, scrapes, bumps)
– disease (fungi, virus and bacteria)
– dehydration (water-proof
barrier)
– overheating (heat stroke) and
freezing (hypothermia)
Integumentary System

12. Layers of the Skin
• Epidermis
– outermost layer, with nerve receptors
– thin, tightly packed layers of waxy, “keratinized” cells
– melanocytes produce skin pigments
• Dermis
– sweat & sebaceous (oil) glands
– collagen & elastin (connective tissue)
– hair follicles (with pili muscles)
– nerves & blood vessels
• Hypodermis
– subcutaneous fat

13. Heat Regulation
• Sweat cools body by evaporation
• Goose bumps warm by trapping air
– arrector pili muscles contract to raise hair

14. Can You Identify
the Following?
• Epidermis
• Dermis
– sweat gland
– sebaceous gland
– hair follicle
– pili muscles
– nerves
– blood vessels
• Hypodermis

15. Skin Problems
• Acne
– plugged/infected sebaceous gland - hair follicle
– causes: hormones, grease from cosmetics or environment, contact
(from sports equipment, glasses, touching or harsh scrubbing), stress
• Dermatitis
– dry, itchy, red skin
– environmental factors:
• soaps, allergens
– hereditary factors
• linked to asthma
& hay fever
• Skin Cancer
– exposure to sunlight
• especially fair-skinned
– radiation
• Burns

16. Name the Parts