A thesis of BSN

2. It is classed as a depressant, meaning
that it slows down vital functions
resulting in slurred speech, unsteady
movement, disturbed perceptions and an
inability to react quickly. As for how it
affects the mind, it is best understood as
a drug that reduces a person’s ability to
think rationally and distorts his or her
judgment.

3. There are different kinds of alcohol.
Ethyl alcohol (ethanol), the only alcohol used
in beverages, is produced by the
fermentation of grains and fruits.
Fermenting is a chemical process whereby
yeast acts upon certain ingredients in the
food, creating alcohol.

4.  Beer 2–6% alcohol
 Cider 4–8% alcohol
 Wine 8–20% alcohol
 Tequila 40% alcohol
 Rum 40% or more alcohol
 Brandy 40% or more alcohol

6.  Immediate Effects of Alcohol on
the Body includes the following:
Affects the Coordination and Brain
Function, Sickness in the form of
vomiting or feeling
nauseous, Hangovers, Dehydrate, not
get proper sleep, headache, body
aches, dizziness, diarrhea, and
exhaustion
(www.ehow.com/ immediate-effects-
alcohol-body. 2010).

7.  The world drank the equivalent of 6.1
litres of pure alcohol per person in
2005, according to a report from the
World Health Organisation published on
February 11th. The biggest boozers are
mostly found in Europe and in the former
Soviet states. Moldovans are the most
bibulous, getting through 18.2 litres each
and nearly 2 litres more than the Czechs
in second place.

8.  Over 10 litres of a Moldovan's annual
intake is reckoned to be 'unrecorded'
home-brewed liquor, making it
particularly harmful to health. The
WHO estimates that alcohol results in
2.5m deaths a year, more than AIDS or
tuberculosis. In Russia and its former
satellite states one in five male deaths is
caused by drink (www.economist.com/
global_alcohol_consumption. 2012).

9. A study conducted by the Church-run
Radio Veritas from May to June 2011.
MANILA, Philippines there are more Filipino
women are drinking beer than men, that of its
2,500 respondents nationwide, 52 percent
were female beer drinkers and 48 percent
were male beer drinkers. It also showed that
beer drinking was more prevalent among
married consumers (57 percent) than among
the single and unattached (43 percent).

10. The study was released this
month, coinciding with the
celebration of Oktoberfest, usually
marked by merrymaking and beer-
drinking across the globe.
Apparently, more alcohol drinkers
were becoming prudent as 70 out of
100 Filipinos said they drink
alcoholic beverages only during
special occasions. Eleven said they
consumed alcohol on a weekly basis
and six on a monthly basis. Only
four said drinking was part of their
daily routine.

11. “This would imply that almost 21
percent of Filipinos are regular alcoholic
beverage drinkers,” said the study. More
than 25 percent of these drinkers are aged
between 19 and 25 while 14.38 percent are
aged 29 to 35. On a national scale, the
survey revealed that 66 percent of Filipinos
were alcoholic beverage drinkers, with those
living in Luzon having the highest level of
consumption at 58.9 percent.

13. We conducted a survey here in
Masbate at Provincial Hospital to know if
they have a record about the effects of
consumption of alcoholic beverages, but
unfortunately Dr. Llacer told us that they
have no record of that case because base
on their survey or statistical that such
cases are not included in their top of list.

14. We chose this effects of consumption of
alcoholic beverages for the reason that our health
is very important not only for the students but to
the institution and community as well since they
hold hope for the next generation, thus, studying
the health status of the students will be beneficial
in coming up with appropriate intervention that
may help the respondents to cope up and deal
with this problem.

15. Statement of the Problem

16. Age
Gender
Course & year level
Civil status
Average weekly/ monthly
allowance

17. 2. What are the effects in consuming alcoholic
beverages of students in terms of:
 Physiological
 Emotional
 Social

18. 3. What are the effects in consuming alcoholic
beverages of students in terms of:
•Psychological
•Socio-economical

19. Assumptions
The study is based on the following assumptions.
1. Individual’s reactions to alcohol vary, in terms of;
age, gender, course & year level, and civil status.
2. The effects in consuming alcoholic beverages
differ, along with: Physiological, Emotional, and
Social.
3. The factors of consuming alcoholic beverages
differ, along with: Psychological, and Socio-

20. Significance of the
study

21. Students. This will be a useful reference
material or guide for their future research.
Community. Through this study, the
community will be able to have an idea on the
possible causes of abusing alcohol and they
will be aware of the effects. They will also be
enlightened to be more caring of their health.
School. Southern Bicol Colleges are able to
gain wisdom related to the effects and factors
of alcohol consumption.

22. Researchers. Through this study, it
engages us in health activity.
Future researcher. This study will help
them in considering the findings useful and
will encourage them a thorough study about
the study.

23. Scope and Delimitation
This research study is conducted at
Southern Bicol Colleges which is located
at Mabini St, Masbate City.

24.  This study is focus on the Effects of the
consumption of Alcoholic beverages that
inclusive for Education and Engineering
students in Southern Bicol Colleges here in
Masbate. The respondents are limited only
to 100 students comprising of male and
female. For the method we use was
questionnaire, given to the respondents.
Data gathering for the study will be
conducted in the months of August –
October 2013.

25. June to March 2013-
2014, we choose Education
and Engineering students
because they have more
population than the other
department.

26.  Consumption Utilization of goods and
services in a particular time period (Grolier
International Encyclopedia). It is the utilization
of alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, etc.
 Alcoholic beverage - means alcohol, or any
beverage containing more than one-half of one
percent of alcohol (Grolier International
Encyclopedia). It is used for the purpose of
getting drunk in the form of beer, wine, etc.

27. School - is an institution designed for
the teaching of students or pupils under
the direction of teacher (Merriam-
Webster).It is a place of learning a
specific knowledge or skills.
Students – is a learner, or one who
studies (Merriam-Webster). They are the
one who attends in school and the
respondents of this study.

28.  Emotional - is characterized by psycho-
physiological expressions, biological, and mental
states (www.thefreedictionary.com). It is a
conscious mental reaction of a person or students
who are consuming alcoholic beverages
 Psychological – dealing with the mind, a
function of awareness, feeling, or motivation
(dictionary.reference.com). It is pertaining to the
mind or mental condition as the subject of
alcohol abuse.
 Socioeconomics – The combination of social
and economic conditions (Webster encyclopedic
dictionary). It is the conditions of the students
who has financial problems.

29. Chapter 2
THEORETICAL
AND
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

30. Review of Related Literature and Studies
According to Talashek et al (2000) alcohol adversely
affects nutrition as a result of deficiencies in folic
acid, thiamin, iron, vitamin A, D and K. The
skin, heart, lungs and bone marrow also are adversely
affected by alcohol. He also confirms that chronic use of
alcohol drinks increases liver size and contributes to
jaundice, hepatitis and cirrhosis. A study indicates that
an adolescent drinks because they expect enhanced
sexuality, relations and
others(http://www.camy.org/Consequences_of_Undera
ge_Drinking.html.2003). In these case students who
engaged in alcohol consumptions may suffer vitamins
deficiency. Students are also prone to some chronic
diseases like increase liver size and contribute to

31. Maddi et al (2003) feel that factors that
encourage alcohol use by the students are
probably biological and
psychological, including addictive aspect of
personality, peer pressure and poor parental
models as well as major stressful events
(Adolescents Alcohol Consumption. 2003). It
is stated that some factors that encourage the
student to drink alcohol are lack of parent’s
guidance, friends and stress.

32. Melvyn Freeman and Charles Parry (2006)
stated that alcohol is considered a drug but unlike
other drug, it is legal and acceptable because
consumption of alcohol is as old as man himself.
Indiscriminate alcohol is now a universal problem.
And from many parts of the world have used
alcoholic beverages to celebrate important events.
Alcohol has been consumed as medicine, as a form
of magic and a part of worship services.

36. Martina Mandelíková (2011) suggest that
most common drivers of engagement in
drinking are sensitivity on alcohol, friends
influence, current smoking status, experience
with other drugs and judgment of regular
intoxication. Findings from her analyses on peer
affect it show that influence of classmates on
the individual varies according to genders and
its magnitude and significance depends on the
estimated sample.

37. In general, peer effect has
always positive sign and
regardless of gender and
estimated sample it
significantly increases
participation in drinking of
adolescents who have not
been drinking before high

38. Kann et al (2000) stated that
alcohol consumption by students
varies from one place to another.
Daily consumption and intoxication
is reported more often among
males than females
(www.collegedrinkingprevention.g
ov). Most studies have found that
boys have greater alcohol
intake, drink more frequently and
have more situation of heavy
drinking that girls

40. Alcohol is frequent cause of
disability and death. It is associated
with cancers of the
mouth, tongue, throat, esophagus, sto
mach, liver, lung, pancreas, colon
(large intestine), and rectum. These
cancers may result from alcohol’s
irritating effects on body tissues there
is a very strong relationship between
developing this cancers of the oral
cavity and throat when a person
drinks alcohol.

42. The similarities of some researcher that
has been discussed in related literature and
other study of research Talashek et al (2000)
and Linda Morris Brown (2004) confirms that
chronic use of alcohol drinks increases liver
size and contributes to jaundice, hepatitis and
cirrhosis. It is associated also with cancers of
the
mouth, tongue, throat, esophagus, stomach, li

43. Begofta San Jose (2003), Linda Morris
Brown (2004) and Joyce P. Valbuena
(2007) cited that unintentional injuries;
homicide and suicide are the three leading
causes of death and the practice of
unprotected sexual intercourse has been
caused by habitual drunkenness or alcohol
intoxication. Melvyn Maddi et al
(2003), Martina Mandelíková (2011), Linda
Morris Brown (2004). Freeman and Charles
Parry (2006) stated that alcohol is
considered a drug and most frequently
abused drug in the world.

44. While the differences according to Melvyn
Freeman and Charles Parry (2006) alcohol has been
consumed as medicine, as a form of magic and a
part of worship services. Kann et al (2000) daily
consumption and intoxication is reported more
often among males than females. Linda Morris
Brown (2004) alcohol syndrome is a condition in
which infants born to mothers who drink alcohol
during her pregnancy, the infant suffer such
consequence (retarded growth). Malformed
features such as a large face, small eyes, short
nose, and brain damage (Epidemiology of Alcohol-
Associated Cancers). Jodi Michelle Gilman (2003)
alcohol drinking is a big part of the Filipino merry-
making activities such as fiestas, birthdays, and

45. This study is rooted on Nola Pender’s Health
Promotion Model (HPM, 1996) which focuses on
explaining health-promoting behaviors, using a
wellness orientation.


46. According to the model, health promotion entails
activities directed toward developing resources that
maintain or enhance a person’s well being.
The Health Promotion Model encompasses two phases: a
decision-making phase and an action phase. In the
decision-making phase, the model emphasizes seven
cognitive/perceptual factors that compose motivational
mechanisms for acquiring and maintaining health-
promoting behaviors and five modifying factors that
indirectly influence patterns of health behavior. In the
action phase, barriers and cues to action trigger activity in
health-promoting behavior.

49. 1. Profile of the
respondents in terms
of:
a. Age
b. Gender
c. Course & year level
d. Civil status
2. Factors affecting
the consumption of
alcoholic beverages of
students in terms of:
a. Physical
b. Emotional
c. Social
3. The effects in
consuming alcoholic
beverages in terms of:
a. Psychological
b. Physiological
c. Socio-economical
1. Data
Gathering
2. Analysis
interpretation
(Please see
on the
Leaflet)

51. Enclose in the research methodology is
a clear idea on how the researcher is
carrying out the research (Jennifer
Williams). Including in the research
methodology is the research
method, Locale of the study, the
map, the respondents, how the data
gathered and the questionnaires use.

52. This study used descriptive survey design. The purpose of
descriptive research is to describe the current condition of
public or personal matter at the time of the study and the best
application of sampling theory and practice can probably be
found in survey research. Survey researchers attempt to study
directly the characteristics of populations through the use of
survey.
Research Method

54. SBC

56. Respondents
The researchers focused mainly to 100
respondents, they are the Bachelor of Science in Civil
Engineering, Bachelor of Science in Mechanical
Engineering, Bachelor of Elementary Education, and
Bachelor of Secondary Education of Southern Bicol
Colleges, Masbate City.

57. The instrument used for the data gathering is:
questionnaires. This are described below.
Questionnaire is a method of getting self-report
information from the respondents through self
administration of questions. The sample size was
estimated to be about 100 students.
Data Gathering tools
Questionnaire

58. The questionnaire consists of three parts. The
first part discusses on the Demographic Profile, this
section highlighted detail such as age, gender, civil
status, and course and year level. The second are the
factors affecting in consuming alcohol in terms of;
physical, emotional and social. The third are the effects
of consuming alcoholic beverages in terms of;
psychological, physiological and socio-economical.
Preparation of the Questionnaire

59. Validation of the Questionnaire

61. After the collecting stage, the data must be
organized. The researchers used the frequency
distribution table to rank the disorganized data
from the highest to the lowest. The researchers
also used the bar graph to clearly show the
preferences of the respondents. Including here
the percentage, ratio, and weighted mean
(Statistical%20Treatment.htm).

64.  Frequency distribution table is an
organized tabulation of the number of
individual scores located in each category
on the scale of measurement. It contains at
least two columns - one for the score
categories (X) and another for the
frequencies (f). (www.1000stores.net).
Shows us a summarized grouping of data
divided into mutually exclusive classes and
the number of occurrences in a class.

65. Compiled or calculated from
weighted data
(Statistical%20Treatment.htm).We use
these tools to the Demographic Profile
and questionnaires of our respondents.

67. Profile of the respondents
From the 100 respondents, 11 (11%) are in the
20 above age bracket, 17 (17%) are in the 23-25
age bracket, 29 (29%) are in the 20-22 age
bracket, 39 (39%) are in the 17-19 age bracket and
4 (4%) are in the 16 below age bracket. According
to some studies underage drinking is thought to be
a powerful predictor of later adult alcohol abuse
and alcohol dependence. Children who start
drinking at 14 years of age or younger have lifetime
alcohol dependence rates, among those who began
drinking at age 20 or older.
(http://www.alcoholmd.com/alcohol_gender_age.ht
m)

69. Lastly, the weekly allowance of the respondents
are, 33(33%) were receiving a 1000 and up
allowance, 39 (39%), receiving 999-500 allowance, 19
(19%) were receiving 499-100 and 9 (9%) were
receiving 99 and below allowance. The most
fundamental law of economics links the price of a
product to the demand for that product.
Accordingly, increases in the monetary price of alcohol
(i.e., through tax increases) would be expected to lower
alcohol consumption and its adverse consequences.
Studies investigating such a relationship found that
alcohol prices were one factor influencing alcohol
consumption among youth and young adults. (Frank J.
Chaloupka, Ph.D., Michael Grossman, Ph.D., Henry
Saffer, Ph.D)

70. Table 1
Demographic profile
Age F %
26 and up 11 11%
23-25 17 17%
20-22 29 29%
17-19 39 39%
16 and below 6 6%
Total 100 100%

71. Gender F %
Male 61 61%
Female 39 39%
Civil Status F %
Single 97 97%
Married 3 3%
Widow/widower 0 0
Total 100 100%

72. Weekly Allowance F %
1000 and up 33 33%
500-999 39 39%
100-499 19 19%
99 and below 9 9%
TOTAL 100 100%
Year level F %
I 33 33%
II 16 16%
III 22 22%
IV 7 7%
V 11 11%
Total 100 100%

73. WM INTERPRETATION
1. How often do you take alcoholic beverages?
Daily 0.78 Never
Weekly 0.84 Never
Monthly 1.26 Never
Others 0.32 Never
2. How many bottles do you consume a day?
24 bottle above 0.23 Never
10-23 bottle 0.55 Never
9 bottle 1.28 Never

74. WM INTERPRETATION
3. How do you feel after taking alcoholic drinks?
It has a relaxing effect 0.75 Never
It may reduce tension 0.99 Never
It may impairs
concentration
0.92 Never
Total 0.79 Never

75. Physiologic Effects
The status of the respondent
based on their weighted mean of
0.79 is “Never” or light drinker.
Most of the respondents or almost
all of the respondents were
drinking alcoholic beverages
occasionally or drinking only 1-2
bottles per session.

76. WM INTERPRETATION
1. Do you take alcoholic drinks if you are:
Depressed 1.19 Never
Stressed 1.16 Never
Broken hearted 0.97 Never
2. Do alcoholic drinks lessen you
pains or negative emotions?
0.29 Never
3. When you are drunk does your
parents/spouse worry about
you?
1 Never
TOTAL 0.92 Never

77. Emotional Effects
The emotional factor has 0.92 weighted mean
which means most of the respondents doesn’t drink
alcohol when there depressed, stressed or even when
their broken heart and almost all of them were telling
that alcoholic drinks cant lessen the pains or negative
emotions they have.

78. WM INTERPRETATION
1. Do you only drink for
socialization?
1.43 Never
1. Have you ever been
involved troubles when
you got drunk?
2.06 Sometimes
1. Do you drink alcohol just
to enjoy with your
friends?
0.91 Never
TOTAL 1.47 Never

80. WM INTERPRETATION
1. Have you ever lost your
consciousness due to
alcohol?
1.72 Sometimes
1. Have you ever committed
a crime when you were
drunk?
1.12 Never
1. Have you ever been
involved in any accidents
under the influence of
alcohol?
1.24 Never
TOTAL 1.36 Never

82. WM INTERPRETATION
1. Do you try to borrow money
from other just to drink alcohol?
1.1 Never
1. Have you ever stolen money
from your parents or friends?
1.35 Never
1. Have you ever sold any of your
gadgets (e.g. cell phone, laptop,
iphone, etc.) just to drink
alcohol?
1.42 Never
TOTAL 1.29 Never

86. After three (3) months of gathering data and
summarizing details, the researcher were able to
come up with a conclusion that the BEED, BSED,
BSCE, BSME are affected by the five (5) factors,
specifically by the Social and Emotional factors. This
explains that most students are more affected with
their environment.

87. For better coping effects of alcoholic
consumption, this researcher would like to
recommend the following:

88.  Students. Further health management
should be conducted by the respondents
to those factors that affecting them.
Stress coping techniques can avoid
intake of alcohol it could be utilized
emotion-focused coping the efforts to
replace the negative emotions produced
by stress with more positive ones,
problem focused coping efforts to alter
situation itself-the cause of taking
alcohol and a technique suggested by
social and emotional support.

89.  Faculty. The proposed alcohol management
programs should be utilized by the faculty for
better understanding of student’s
problems, emotional and others school work
related to learning and activities that contribute
to stress.
 Future Researcher. The scope of the study
could be widened in determining the risk factor
contributing to alcohol consumption and could
include the other courses for comparison of
results.

90.  Name: (optional)____________________________________
 Age:
26 above 17 – 19 y/o
23 – 25 y/o 16 below
20 – 22 y/o
Demographic Profile

91.  Gender:
Male Female
 Civil Status:
Single Married Widow/widower
 Weekly/monthly allowance:
1000 above 100 – 499
500 – 999 99 below

92.  Course and year level:
 BEED: BSED: BSCE: BCME:
 I – I – I – I –
 II – II – II – II –
 III – III – III – III –
 IV – IV – IV – IV –
V – V –

93.  Directions: Answer what is being asked. Place
check ( ) on the space provided corresponding
to the answer of your choice.

94. Physiological Always Sometimes Never
1. How often do you drink?
•Daily
•Weekly
•Monthly
2. How many bottles do you consumed?
•25 above
•20 – 15
•10 below
3. Does a low dose of alcohol produces?
• A relaxing effect
•Reduces tension
•Impairs concentration

95. Emotional Always Sometimes Never
1. Did you only drink alcohol if you:
•Depressed
•Stress
•Broken hearted
•Others (specify)
2. Does alcohol can lessen
pain or negative emotion?
3. When you are drunk does
your parents/spouse worried
about you?

96. Social Always Sometimes Never
1. Did you only drink
for socialization?
2. Have you ever been
troubled when you get
drunk?
3. Did you drink
alcohol only just for
your friend?

97. Psychological Always Sometimes Never
1. Have you ever lose your
consciousness due to alcohol?
2. Have you ever commit a crime
when you drunk?
3. Have you ever been involved
any accidents when you are under
influence of alcohol?

98. Socio-economical
Always Sometimes Never
1. Did you try to borrow
money from others just to
buy alcohol?
2. Have you ever commit
stealing of money from the
pocket of you parents or
friends?
3. Are you selling your
gadgets only to buy beers or
hard drinking alcohol?

99. THANK YOUVERYMUCH!!