biology and management of threadfin bream, and pomfret.

1. Presentation on:
Thread Fin bream
And
Pomfret.
-JOYNAL ABEDIN

2. INTRODUCTION
• They are found in the tropical water of Indian and pecific
Oceans.Most species are benthic and carnivores, preying on small
fishes and cephalopodsm,however a few species eat plankton as well.
• They are also known as whiptail breams and false snappers.

3. TAXONOMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Actinoptergii
Order:Perciformes
Family:Nemipteridae
Genus:Nemipterus

4. IDENTIFYING CHARACTERS

5. Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft
rays: 7. This species is distinguished by the following characters: lower margin
of eye above a line from tip of snout to upper base of pectoral fins; a line drawn
up from the posterior edge of suborbital reaching the dorsal profile 2 to 4 scale
rows before origin of dorsal fin; pectoral fins very long, 1-1.3 in HL, reaching to
or just beyond level of origin of anal fin; pelvic fins moderately long, 1.2-1.6 in
HL, reaching to or just beyond anus; caudal fin moderately forked, upper lobe
slightly longer than lower and produced into a short or moderately long
filament. Colour: upper part of body pinkish, becoming silvery below; top of
head behind eye with a golden sheen; 11-12 pale golden-yellow stripes along
body from behind head to base of caudal fin; a prominent red-suffused yellow
blotch below origin of lateral line; dorsal fin whitish, margin of fin yellow,
edged with red; a pale lemon stripe near base of dorsal fin, this stripe narrow
anteriorly and widening on posterior part of fin; anal fin whitish with pale lemon
broken lines or scribblings over most of fin; caudal fin pink, upper tip and
filament yellow

6. Diversity • Belongs to the Family Nemipteridea of
the order Perciformes.
• There are 6 commercially occurring
species in India; Namely
• Nemipterus japonicus
• N.mesoprion
• N.delagoae
• N.tolu
• N.luteus
• N.metopias.

7. • Generally occurs on muddy and sandy bottom
of the coastal inshore and offshore. Mostly
found between the depth of 5m to 80m.
• Upto the depth of 40m N.japonicus is recorded
to be dominating the population. But at the
deeper zones N.mesoprion is the dominant
species, although some traces of japonicus is
also recorded @300m.
• The resource appraisal surveys indicated that
the stocks occur in the 100 to 200 m depth
contour off Kerala from December to April and
below the 100 m depth between July and
October.
• They appear to move into shallow waters
during the monsoon.
• The immature ones appears in dept <20m and
the mature ones beyond 40m depth
Distribution:

8. Global Distribution

9. Breeding Season:
• The threadfin breams are “fractional spawners”.
• N. japonicus spawn season is from June to September and November-April along the
south-east coast. The Nemipterus mesoprion spawn season is during November-March, and
N. delagoae and N. tolu spawn season is during February/March and August-October along
the south-east coast.
• It breeds when atleast one year old and the annual fecundity ranges from 23000-
139200/individual.

10. FEEDING.
• The Nemipterus japonicus prefer to feed on
large number of small-
sized crustaceans like the penaeid and non-
penaeid shrimps.
• Large individuals (total length: >25 cm)
diversify their feeding habit and depend on
fishes and cephalopods as the secondary prey.
• The Nemipterus japonicus are “asynchronous
cyclic feeders”.
• In a continuum between opportunistic and
selective feeding, the Nemipterus japonicus tend
towards opportunistic feeding.

11. PRODUCTION TRENDS

12. • Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
• Maturity: Lm 14.0 cm
Max length : 32.0 cm TL male/unsexed
• common length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed;
• max. published weight: 596.00 g
• Peak Fishing Season.

13. UTILISATION

14. EXPLOITATION
Threadfin breams are exploited exclusively by MDF trawlers

15. MANAGEMENT
• This study was to assess parameters indicators of
population of threadfin bream, to see how
appropriate management strategies, the
utilization of inshore Threadfin bream in shore
Java Sea. Research was conducted during the ten
months from January to October 2015. The
study was conducted in PPI Kronjo, Banten.

16. POMFRET

17. INTRODUCTION
The pomfrets constitute about 2.32% of the total marine fish
production in India. The bulk of the catch comes from
Maharashtra and Gujarat States, which jointly contribute to about
61% of the total all India pomfret landings.
Among the demersal fishes, pomfrets belonging to the family
Stromateidae are found in the catches all long the coast of
India, particularly in Maharashtra and Gujarat States.

18. Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Stromatidae
Pampus

19. 1. Body firm, very deep, oval, and compressed.
2. Operculum absent; gill opening reduced to a
vertical slit on the side of the body.
3. Pelvic fins absent.
4. Dorsal soft rays : 37-43
5. Anal soft rays : 39-45
Identifying Character

20. Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
• Maturity: Lm 25.3,
• Max length : 60.0 cm SL male/unsexed
• common length : 30.0 cm SL male/unsexed
• max. reported age: 7 years

21. FECUNDITY

22. Distribution
• Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to southern Japan and Australia.

23. BIOLOGY
• Inshore species, usually in schools over muddy bottoms,
associated with fish species like Nemipterus and Leiognathus.
Adults feed on ctenophores, salps, medusae, and other
zooplankton groups. Western populations spawn from late
winter through the summer with peaks from April to June. Sold
fresh in local markets or shipped frozen to urban centers. Used
in Chinese medicine

24. PRODUCTION
TRENDS

25. • Pampus argentus
• Often called either the silver or
white pomfret, is a species of
Pampus genus that lives in
coastal waters off the Middle
East, South Asia, and Southeast
Asia. Fish of this family are
characterized by their flat
bodies, forked tail fins, and
long pectoral fins. Lower lobe
of caudal > Upper lobe of
caudal.
• Pampus chinensis
Same like P. argentus but a lot
larger than size.
Major Species

26. 2. Parastromateus niger
• The black pomfret, Parastromateus
niger, is a species of carangid native
• to reefs of the Indian Ocean and the
western Pacific Ocean, where it is found
at depths from 15 to 105 m (49 to 344 ft),
though it is rarely found deeper than 40 m
(130 ft). This species grows to 75 cm (30
in) in total length and is very important to
local commercial fisheries. This species is
the only known member of its genus.

27. Spawning season
The wide range in the length of juveniles from 2.5 cm to 5.0 cm in December indicates
that, although the spawning is restricted to a short and definite period, the spawning
season is protracted over a period of three months for the different individual
specimens of the population.

28. EXPORT VALUES

29. EXPLOITATION
Gears used in Pomfret fishery
• Gill nets
• Shore seines
• Trawl net
• Purse seines
Crafts used:
Gill netters, trawlers,Seiners etc

30. Pomfrets are a delicacy throughout India. They not only have a high
commercial sale in local markets but also they are exported.
Being not so endangered species, huge exploitation is done on this fishes.
Maharashtra and Gujarat are the leading producer and source of Pomfrets.
Andhra Pradesh, Goa and Kerala are still following up.
Pomfrets are highly nutritional and easily digestable. Hence they have a high
demand.
A lot of south or deccan delicacies has gained popularity.