2. Management is a wide term as an “activity’ a
‘process’, a group of people.
To manage is “ to forecast and plan, to
organise, to command, to coordinate and to
control”.
- Hentry Fayol.
Meaning of Management
1. Management as an activity
# Inter-personal role
# Decision-making role
# Information role
3. 2. Management as a process
Men $ Planning
Machine $ organising
Money $ Directing
Materials $ Coordinating
Methods $ Controlling
3. Management as an academic Discipline
- Various subjects and courses
- Research activities
- Related to psychology, sociology, Operations
research, Economics, Political science, etc.
4. 4. Management as a Group
- All category of people working together
- ( top, middle, lower levels of management )
Nature of Management
1.Management as a universal process
2. Purposive or goal- directed
3. An Abstraction
4. Multi-Disciplinary
5.Dynamic Principles
6. Relative Principles
5. 7. Management as a system of authority
Performance of management, organisation,
department and individuals.
Balance of Authority and responsibility
“success”
8. Management – A science or an Art or Both
Science – systemaised body of knowledge
Scientific Enquiry, cause-effect
relationship
Art - Practical know how, personal skills, result
oriented activity, creativity
9.Management as a profession
-Body of knowledge, training, social obligation, code
of conduct, license or degree.
6. Importance of management
Management meet the challenge of change
Accomplishment of group goals
Effective utilisation of business
Resource development
Sound organisation structure
management directs the organisation
Integrates various interest
Stability
Innovation
Coordination and team-spirit
7. - People responsible for- People responsible for
directing the efforts aimeddirecting the efforts aimed
at helping organizationsat helping organizations
achieve their goals.achieve their goals.
- A person who plans,- A person who plans,
organizes, directs andorganizes, directs and
controls the allocation ofcontrols the allocation of
human, material, financial,human, material, financial,
and information resourcesand information resources
in pursuit of thein pursuit of the
organization’s goals.organization’s goals.
12. First-line Managers: have direct responsibility for
producing goods or services Foreman, supervisors,
clerical supervisors
Middle Managers:
Coordinate employee activities
Determine which goods or services to provide
Decide how to market goods or services to customers
Assistant Manager, Manager (Section Head)
Top Managers: provide the overall direction of an
organization Chief Executive Officer, President, Vice
President
13. First-line Managers
Directly responsible for production of goods or
services
Employees who report to first-line managers do the
organization’s work
Spend little time with top managers in large
organizations
Technical expertise is important
Rely on planning and administration, self-
management, teamwork, and communication
14. Middle Managers
Responsible for setting objectives that are
consistent with top management’s goals and
translating them into specific goals and plans for
first-line managers to implement
Responsible for coordinating activities of first-line
managers
Establish target dates for products/services to be
delivered
Need to coordinate with others for resources
Ability to develop others is important
Rely on communication, teamwork, and planning
and administration competencies to achieve goals
15. Top Managers
Responsible for providing the overall direction of an
organization
Develop goals and strategies for entire organization
Spend most of their time planning and leading
Communicate with key stakeholders—stockholders,
unions, governmental agencies, etc., company
policies
Use of multicultural and strategic action
competencies to lead firm is crucial