Offshore Windfarm Design - Les 5 Structure Design and Load Calculations
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Les 5 Structure Design and Load Calculations Load Calculation Load per Loadcase Geometry Estimation
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Semelhante a Offshore Windfarm Design - Les 5 Structure Design and Load Calculations
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Offshore Windfarm Design - Les 5 Structure Design and Load Calculations
- 1. Offshore Windfarm Design Structure, Park, Planning, Installation and Maintenance Offshore en Constructie Minor Leo Hulspas en Johan Antonissen Don’t throw my advice in the wind
- 2. AGENDA ▸ Les 1 – History, Current State of Art, North Sea ▸ Les 2 – Site Conditions ▸ Les 3 – The Turbine ▸ Les 4 – Actuator Disk Theory and Energy Yield ▸ Les 5 – Structure Design and Load Calculations ▸ Les 6 – Structure Design and Load Calculations ▸ Les 7 – Park Design ▸ Les 8 – Vessels ▸ Les 9 – Installation and Comissioning ▸ Les 10 – Operations and Maintenance
- 3. What you’ll Learn... ▸ Load Calculation ▸ Load per Loadcase ▸ Geometry Estimation
- 4. What we Need…. Image:M.B.Zaaijer ▸ RNA Data ▸ Weather Data ▸ Loadcases ▸ Preliminary Tower Data ▸ Preliminary Substructure Data ▸ Design Elevations ▸ Geometry Estimations ▸ Wind Estimations ▸ Wave Estimations
- 5. Top Down Design Wind Turbine Wind Tower Sea Support Structure Soil Foundation ▸ RNA Data ▸ Weather Data ▸ Loadcases ▸ Preliminary Tower Data ▸ Preliminary Substructure Data ▸ Design Elevations ▸ Geometry Estimations ▸ Wind Estimations ▸ Wave Estimations
- 6. Load Cases (Recap) Wikipedia: a combination of different types of loads with safety factors applied to them. A structure is checked for strength and serviceability against all the load cases it is likely to experience during its lifetime. DLC Turbine Wind Wave 1 Operational Rated speed 1 year maximum 2 Parked 50 year reduced 50 year maximum 3 Parked 50 year maximum 50 year reduced
- 7. Load Cases (Recap) Wikipedia: a combination of different types of loads with safety factors applied to them. A structure is checked for strength and serviceability against all the load cases it is likely to experience during its lifetime. DLC Turbine Wind Wave 1 Operational Rated speed 1 year maximum 2 Parked 50 year reduced 50 year maximum 3 Parked 50 year maximum 50 year reduced
- 8. Load Cases (Recap) Wikipedia: a combination of different types of loads with safety factors applied to them. A structure is checked for strength and serviceability against all the load cases it is likely to experience during its lifetime. DLC Turbine Wind Wave 1 Operational Rated speed 1 year maximum 2 Parked 50 year reduced 50 year maximum 3 Parked 50 year maximum 50 year reduced
- 9. Load Cases (Recap) Wikipedia: a combination of different types of loads with safety factors applied to them. A structure is checked for strength and serviceability against all the load cases it is likely to experience during its lifetime. DLC Turbine Wind Wave 1 Operational Rated speed 1 year maximum 2 Parked 50 year reduced 50 year maximum 3 Parked 50 year maximum 50 year reduced
- 10. Turbine (Wind) ▸ Loadcase 1: Operational ▸ Loadcase 2 & 3: Parked Fthrust= 1 2 ⋅ρ⋅vrated ²⋅Adisk⋅Ct →Ct=0,89 Fdrag= 1 2 ⋅ρ⋅v²⋅3⋅Ablade⋅Cd→Cd=1,0 Ablade≈ 1 2 ⋅ Drotor 2 ⋅3 v2 ,v3≫vratedLet op:
- 11. Turbine (Wind & Mass) ▸ Loadcase 1: Operational ▸ Loadcase 2 & 3: Parked ▸ Loadcase 1, 2 & 3: Mass RNA Fthrust= 1 2 ⋅ρ⋅vrated ²⋅Adisk⋅Ct →Ct=0,89 Fdrag= 1 2 ⋅ρ⋅v²⋅3⋅Ablade⋅Cd→Cd=1,0 Ablade≈ 1 2 ⋅ Drotor 2 ⋅3 v2 ,v3≫vratedLet op: FRNA=MRNA⋅g
- 12. Tower (Wind) ▸ Loadcase 1, 2 & 3: Drag Fdrag(z)= 1 2 Cd⋅ρ⋅v 2 ⋅Atower
- 13. Tower (Wind) ▸ Loadcase 1, 2 & 3: Drag Fdrag(z)= 1 2 Cd⋅ρ⋅v 2 ⋅Atower Atower =Dtower (z)⋅Htower= ∫ HRNA Hinterface Dtower(z)dz
- 14. Tower (Wind) ▸ Loadcase 1, 2 & 3: Drag Fdrag(z)= 1 2 Cd⋅ρ⋅v 2 ⋅Atower Atower =Dtower (z)⋅Htower= ∫ HRNA Hinterface Dtower(z)dz Dtower(z)=a⋅z+b Dtower(H RNA)=Dmin Dtower(Hinterface)=Dmax
- 15. Tower (Wind) ▸ Loadcase 1, 2 & 3: Drag Fdrag(z)= 1 2 Cd⋅ρ⋅v 2 ⋅Atower Atower =Dtower (z)⋅Htower= ∫ HRNA Hinterface Dtower(z)dz Dtower(z)=a⋅z+b Dtower(H RNA)=Dmin Dtower(Hinterface)=Dmax v(z)=Vref⋅ log( z z0 ) log( Href z0 )
- 16. Tower (Wind) ▸ Loadcase 1, 2 & 3: Drag Fdrag(z)= 1 2 Cd⋅ρ⋅v 2 ⋅Atower Fdrag(z)= ∫ H RNA Hinterface 1 2 ⋅Cd⋅ρ⋅v(z) 2 ⋅Dtower (z)dz Atower= ∫ HRNA Hinterface Dtower (z)dz v(z)=Vref⋅ log( z z0 ) log( Href z0 )
- 17. Tower (Wind) ▸ Loadcase 1, 2 & 3: Drag Fdrag(z)= 1 2 Cd⋅ρ⋅v 2 ⋅Atower Fdrag(z)= ∫ H RNA Hinterface 1 2 ⋅Cd⋅ρ⋅v(z) 2 ⋅Dtower (z)dz Mdrag(z)= ∫ HRNA Hinterface Fdrag(z)dz
- 18. Tower (Wind) ▸ Loadcase 1, 2 & 3: Drag Fdrag(z)= 1 2 Cd⋅ρ⋅v 2 ⋅Atower Fdrag(z)= ∫ H RNA Hinterface 1 2 ⋅Cd⋅ρ⋅v(z) 2 ⋅Dtower (z)dz Mdrag(z)= ∫ HRNA Hinterface Fdrag(z)dz
- 19. Tower (Wind) ▸ Loadcase 1, 2 & 3: Drag x z
- 20. Tower (Weight) ▸ Loadcase 1, 2 & 3: Weight Ftower (z)=∫ π 4 ⋅(Dtower (z) 2 −(Dtower (z)−2⋅wttower) 2 )⋅ρ⋅g dz Mtower (z)=0 x z
- 21. Tower Geometry ▸ Loadcase 1, 2 & 3 (x-direction): ▸ Loadcase 1, 2 & 3 (z-direction): Fmax (Hinterface)=FRNA 123+FTower123 Mmax (Hinterface)=FRNA123⋅Htower +MTower123 Fmax (Hinterface)=FRNA+FTower Mmax (Hinterface)=0 x z
- 22. Result… Max Loads at Interface ▸ 3 Loadcases ▸ 4 Loads per loadcase ▸ 12 Values → 6 Forces, 6 Moments x z
- 23. Result… Max Loads at Interface ▸ 3 Loadcases ▸ 4 Loads per loadcase ▸ 12 Values → 6 Forces, 6 Moments ▸ Per loadcase: y x z x z
- 24. Result… Max Loads at Interface ▸ 3 Loadcases ▸ 4 Loads per loadcase ▸ 12 Values → 6 Forces, 6 Moments ▸ Per loadcase: Max Load y x z x z
- 25. … Find Stress…. and Determine Geometry... Max x z σmax= √( Fz A + M y⋅x I y ) 2 +3⋅( Fx A ) 2 σmax= σyield γ ▸ Max stress found for: ▸ Found wt useing iteration:
- 26. One Final Note... x z Wind Turbine Wind Tower In practice iteration for D, wt D has effect in wind loads!
- 27. One final note... x zIn practice iteration for D, wt D has effect in wind loads!
- 28. Substructure (Wave + Current) x z Wind Turbine Wind Tower Sea Support Structure Iterative design for load interaction with waves and current (and soil stability)
- 29. Substructure (Wave + Current) x z ▸ Data input acceleration speed
- 30. Substructure (Wave + Current) x z ▸ Morrison Equation: Drugs &Alcohol M usic input output
- 31. Substructure (Wave + Current) x z ▸ Morison Equation: Airy Theory Loads input output
- 32. Substructure (Wave + Current) x z ▸ Morison Equation: Fmorison=ρ⋅Cm⋅V⋅˙u(z)+ 1 2 ⋅ρ⋅Cd⋅A⋅u(z)⋅|u|(z) ▸ Mass Coeffiecient Cm = 2 ▸ Obstructed Volume V ▸ Particle Acceleration ů(z) ▸ Drag Coefficient Cd = 0.5 ▸ Obstructed Area A ▸ Particle Speed u(z)
- 33. Substructure (Wave + Current) x z ▸ Morison Equation: Fmorison=ρ⋅Cm⋅V⋅˙u(z)+ 1 2 ⋅ρ⋅Cd⋅A⋅u(z)⋅|u|(z) V =π⋅Dpile⋅H pile= ∫ Hmaxwet Hmud π⋅Dpile dz A=Dpile⋅H pile= ∫ Hmaxwet H mud Dpile dz
- 34. Substructure (Wave + Current) x z ▸ Morison Equation: Fmorison=ρ⋅Cm⋅V⋅˙u(z)+ 1 2 ⋅ρ⋅Cd⋅A⋅u(z)⋅|u|(z) V =π⋅Dpile⋅H pile= ∫ Hmaxwet Hmud π⋅Dpile dz A=Dpile⋅H pile= ∫ Hmaxwet H mud Dpile dz Fmorison= ∫ Hmaxwet Hmud ρ⋅Cm⋅π⋅Dpile⋅˙u(z)dz + ∫ Hmaxwet Hmud 1 2 ⋅ρ⋅Cd⋅Dpile⋅u(z)⋅|u|(z)dz
- 35. Substructure (Wave + Current) ▸ Morison Equation: Fmorison= ∫ Hmaxwet Hmud ρ⋅Cm⋅π⋅Dpile⋅˙u(z)dz + ∫ Hmaxwet Hmud 1 2 ⋅ρ⋅Cd⋅Dpile⋅u(z)⋅|u|(z)dz Mmorison (z)= ∫ H RNA Hinterface Fmorison (z)dz
- 36. Substructure (Wave + Current)
- 37. Substructure (Weight) x z ▸ Loadcase 1, 2 & 3: Weight FTP(z)=∫ π 4 ⋅(DTP(z) 2 −(DTP(z)−2⋅wtTP) 2 )⋅ρ⋅gdz MTP(z)=0 FMP (z)=∫ π 4 ⋅(DMP(z) 2 −(DMP (z)−2⋅wtMP) 2 )⋅ρ⋅g dz MMP(z)=0
- 38. Substructure Geometry ▸ Loadcase 1, 2 & 3 (x-direction): ▸ Loadcase 1, 2 & 3 (z-direction): Fmax (Hmudline)=FRNA123+FTower 123 +Fmorison Mmax (Hmudline)=FRNA123⋅(Htower+Hsubstructure) Fmax (Hinterface)=FRNA+FTower +MTP +MMP Mmax (Hinterface)=0+0+0 +MTower123 +Mmorison Note: only incorporate weight to mudline!
- 39. Result… Max Loads at Mudline ▸ 3 Loadcases ▸ 4 Loads per loadcase ▸ 12 Values → 6 Forces, 6 Moments ▸ Per loadcase: y x z
- 40. Result… Max Loads at Mudline ▸ 3 Loadcases ▸ 4 Loads per loadcase ▸ 12 Values → 6 Forces, 6 Moments ▸ Per loadcase: Max Load y x z
- 41. … Find Stress…. and Determine Geometry... Max σmax= √( Fz A + M y⋅x I y ) 2 +3⋅( Fx A ) 2 σmax= σyield γ ▸ Max stress found for: ▸ Found wt useing iteration:
- 42. Result ▸ Semi-Optimal Basic Geometry • Diameter of Parts • Wall Thickness of Parts ▸ Weight (and thus price)
- 43. Next steps... ▸ Re-iterate design ▸ Standards ▸ Natural Frequency Check ▸ Buckling ▸ Stress Concentration Factors (CSF)
- 44. Next steps... ▸ Re-iterate design ▸ Standards ▸ Natural Frequency Check ▸ Buckling ▸ Stress Concentration Factors (CSF) Not part of this course!
- 45. Homework ▸ Gather Environmental Data from Previous Classes (slide 4) ▸ Create Datasets per Loadcase (slide 5) ▸ Calculate Turbine Loads per Loadcase (slide 10 & 11) ▸ Calculate Tower Loads per Loadcase (slide 12 till 20) ▸ Combine Loads from Turbine and Tower (slide 21) ▸ Calculate Tower wall thickness (slide 22 till 25) ▸ Calculate TP and MP Loads per Loadcase (slide 28 to 37) ▸ Combine Loads from Turbine, Tower, TP and MP (slide 38) ▸ Calculate TP and MP Wall Thickness (slide 39 till 41) ▸ Summarize Found Geometry and Structure Mass (slide 42)
- 46. Thank you!