A Systematic, Multi-Criteria Decision Support Framework for Sustainable Drainage Design
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This document presents a framework for evaluating sustainable drainage designs using multiple criteria. It aims to address the lack of standardized methods by quantifying the water management and other benefits (e.g. environmental, social) of green infrastructure options. The framework calculates key performance indicators, costs, and monetary values of benefits to facilitate cost-benefit analyses of different design approaches over the lifetime of the systems. It is part of developing a decision support system to help maximize the consideration of multiple benefits in drainage design.
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A Systematic, Multi-Criteria Decision Support Framework for Sustainable Drainage Design
- 1. A Systematic, Multi-Criteria Decision Support Framework for Sustainable Drainage Design Jo-fai Chow, Dragan Savić, David Fortune, Zoran Kapelan, Netsanet Mebrate You can download this presentation from http://tinyurl.com/chow-iahr2013 photo's courtesy of www.pptbackgrounds.net
- 2. About this Presentation • Background • Multiple Benefits (Green Values) of Sustainable Drainage Systems • Systematic Evaluation Framework with Application Examples • Maximising Multiple Benefits • Conclusions 02 of 14 slides
- 3. Background • Trends in Drainage Industry • Moving towards a sustainable approach 03 of 14 slides Sustainable & Balanced Approach Traditional & Biased Approach Water Quantity Water Quality Other Benefits Water Quantity Water Quality
- 4. Background • Trends in Drainage Industry • Moving towards a sustainable approach • Challenge • Lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design 03 of 14 slides Sustainable & Balanced Approach Traditional & Biased Approach Water Quantity Water Quality Other Benefits Water Quantity Water Quality
- 5. Background • Trends in Drainage Industry • Moving towards a sustainable approach • Challenge • Lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design • Objective • To develop a new decision support system for sustainable drainage design 03 of 14 slides Sustainable & Balanced Approach Traditional & Biased Approach Water Quantity Water Quality Other Benefits Water Quantity Water Quality
- 6. Background • Trends in Drainage Industry • Moving towards a sustainable approach • Challenge • Lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design • Objective • To develop a new decision support system for sustainable drainage design • Collaboration • Funded by EPSRC and XP Solutions • Supervised by Uni. of Exeter, XP Solutions and STREAM IDC 03 of 14 slides Sustainable & Balanced Approach Traditional & Biased Approach Water Quantity Water Quality Other Benefits Water Quantity Water Quality
- 7. Green Values (Multiple Benefits) of Sustainable Drainage Systems • Water Quantity Reduction • Runoff reduction, flood risk mgt., re-use 04 of 14 slides photo's courtesy of XP Solutions photo's courtesy of ReneCreate
- 8. Green Values (Multiple Benefits) of Sustainable Drainage Systems • Water Quantity Reduction • Runoff reduction, flood risk mgt., re-use • Water Quality Improvement • On-site treatment 04 of 14 slides photo's courtesy of XP Solutions photo's courtesy of ReneCreate photo's courtesy of EMPowerHouse photo's courtesy of roanokeoutside.com photo's courtesy of nzconservation.wordpress.com
- 9. Green Values (Multiple Benefits) of Sustainable Drainage Systems • Water Quantity Reduction • Runoff reduction, flood risk mgt., re-use • Water Quality Improvement • On-site treatment • Environmental Impact • Cleaner water & air, amenity, biodiversity, recreation, community 04 of 14 slides photo's courtesy of XP Solutions photo's courtesy of ReneCreate photo's courtesy of EMPowerHouse photo's courtesy of roanokeoutside.com photo's courtesy of nzconservation.wordpress.com photo's courtesy of Arup photo's courtesy of Polypipe
- 10. Green Values (Multiple Benefits) of Sustainable Drainage Systems • Water Quantity Reduction • Runoff reduction, flood risk mgt., re-use • Water Quality Improvement • On-site treatment • Environmental Impact • Cleaner water & air, amenity, biodiversity, recreation, community • Energy Saving • Less cooling/heating, reduced carbon footprint 04 of 14 slides photo's courtesy of XP Solutions photo's courtesy of ReneCreate photo's courtesy of EMPowerHouse photo's courtesy of roanokeoutside.com photo's courtesy of nzconservation.wordpress.com photo's courtesy of Arup photo's courtesy of Polypipe photo's courtesy of gregwalcher.wordpress.com photo's courtesy of china.org.cn
- 11. Green Values (Multiple Benefits) of Sustainable Drainage Systems • Water Quantity Reduction • Runoff reduction, flood risk mgt., re-use • Water Quality Improvement • On-site treatment • Environmental Impact • Cleaner water & air, amenity, biodiversity, recreation, community • Energy Saving • Less cooling/heating, reduced carbon footprint • Green Image of Business 04 of 14 slides photo's courtesy of XP Solutions photo's courtesy of ReneCreate photo's courtesy of EMPowerHouse photo's courtesy of roanokeoutside.com photo's courtesy of nzconservation.wordpress.com photo's courtesy of Arup photo's courtesy of Polypipe photo's courtesy of gregwalcher.wordpress.com photo's courtesy of china.org.cn photo's courtesy of Deloitte
- 12. Quantifying Green Values: From Good Feelings to Real Numbers 05 of 14 slides Calculations based on previous research projects and case studies. For more information: 1.Conference Paper 2.This presentation online (tinyurl.com/greenvalues)
- 13. Putting the Numbers Together: A Systematic Evaluation Framework 06 of 14 slides
- 14. Putting the Numbers Together: A Systematic Evaluation Framework 06 of 14 slides Information from a typical drainage model (e.g. Type, Size, Location)
- 15. Four main categories of performance measures. Putting the Numbers Together: A Systematic Evaluation Framework 06 of 14 slides
- 16. Key performance indicators (KPIs) calculated for each infrastructure. Putting the Numbers Together: A Systematic Evaluation Framework 06 of 14 slides
- 17. Using physical attributes & location of infrastructures to calculate costs. Putting the Numbers Together: A Systematic Evaluation Framework 06 of 14 slides
- 18. Calculate monetary measures of benefits based on KPIs. Putting the Numbers Together: A Systematic Evaluation Framework 06 of 14 slides
- 19. Consider costs and benefits over the design life of systems. Putting the Numbers Together: A Systematic Evaluation Framework 06 of 14 slides
- 20. Drainage Model Putting the Numbers Together: A Systematic Evaluation Framework 06 of 14 slides Multiple Benefits Monetary Benefits Costs Cost-Benefit Analysis
- 21. Using the Framework – Inputs: Components in a Drainage Design Model 07 of 14 slides Bioretention Bioretention Permeable Paving Wetland Swale Swale photo's courtesy of XP Solutions Flow
- 22. Using the Framework – Outputs: Operational and Capital Expenditure 08 of 14 slides
- 23. Using the Framework – Outputs: Operational and Capital Expenditure 08 of 14 slides Swales are relatively cheap to build and maintain.
- 24. Using the Framework – Outputs: Operational and Capital Expenditure 08 of 14 slides Permeable paving costs a lot more to build and maintain.
- 25. Using the Framework – Outputs: Operational and Capital Expenditure 08 of 14 slides Question: can the costs be justified?
- 26. Using the Framework – Outputs: Key Performance Measures 09 of 14 slides
- 27. Using the Framework – Outputs: Key Performance Measures 09 of 14 slides Permeable paving can effectively reduce runoff via infiltration … but it does not add amenity value to the community.
- 28. Using the Framework – Outputs: Key Performance Measures 09 of 14 slides At a fraction of the cost, swales can provide moderate runoff reduction and increase the amenity value as a result of the green surface areas.
- 29. Using the Framework – Outputs: Key Performance Measures 09 of 14 slides Goal: moving away from subjective opinions to a systematic comparison. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages
- 30. Comparing Different Approaches: Sustainable vs. Traditional 10 of 14 slides Bioretention Permeable Paving BioretentionWetland Swale Swalephoto's courtesy of allbiz Let’s consider the sustainable design example discussed in previous slides again. What if we replace the swales and wetland with storage tanks?
- 31. Comparing Different Approaches: Sustainable vs. Traditional 10 of 14 slides Bioretention Permeable Paving BioretentionWetland Swale Swalephoto's courtesy of allbiz Storage Tank Let’s consider the sustainable design example discussed in previous slides again. What if we replace the swales and wetland with storage tanks?
- 32. Comparing Different Approaches: Sustainable vs. Traditional 10 of 14 slides Bioretention Permeable Paving BioretentionWetland Swale Swalephoto's courtesy of allbiz Storage Tank Question: is it worth considering the green approach after all? What do you think? Let’s consider the sustainable design example discussed in previous slides again. What if we replace the swales and wetland with storage tanks?
- 33. Comparing Different Approaches: Sustainable vs. Traditional 11 of 14 slides
- 34. Comparing Different Approaches: Sustainable vs. Traditional 11 of 14 slides Sustainable approach can provide multiple benefits in addition to water management.
- 35. Comparing Different Approaches: Sustainable vs. Traditional 11 of 14 slides Sustainable approach costs about the same to operate, much less to build yet a lot more for the land occupied when compared to traditional approach.
- 36. Comparing Different Approaches: Sustainable vs. Traditional 11 of 14 slides In this case, the framework suggests similar long-term costs for both approaches.
- 37. Comparing Different Approaches: Sustainable vs. Traditional 11 of 14 slides (Let me repeat the key message again…) Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. Goal: moving away from subjective opinions to a systematic, evidence- based comparison.
- 38. Going Beyond Evaluation: Maximising Multiple Benefits 12 of 14 slides • Design Consideration: • Legislative Requirements
- 39. Going Beyond Evaluation: Maximising Multiple Benefits 12 of 14 slides • Design Consideration: • Legislative Requirements • Location
- 40. Going Beyond Evaluation: Maximising Multiple Benefits 12 of 14 slides • Design Consideration: • Legislative Requirements • Location • Sizing
- 41. Going Beyond Evaluation: Maximising Multiple Benefits 12 of 14 slides • Design Consideration: • Legislative Requirements • Location • Sizing • Type & Order ? ? ? ? ? ?
- 42. Going Beyond Evaluation: Maximising Multiple Benefits 12 of 14 slides • Design Consideration: • Legislative Requirements • Location • Sizing • Type & Order • Identifying Trade-offs: • Financial Consideration • Multiple Benefits ? ? ? ? ? ?
- 43. Going Beyond Evaluation: Maximising Multiple Benefits 12 of 14 slides • Design Consideration: • Legislative Requirements • Location • Sizing • Type & Order • Identifying Trade-offs: • Financial Consideration • Multiple Benefits • Multi-objective optimisation ? ? ? ? ? ? photo's courtesy of University of Sheffield photo's courtesy of XP Solutions photo's courtesy of BME Imaging photo's courtesy of bfrss.org.uk
- 44. Conclusions 13 of 14 slides • Challenges: lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design.
- 45. Conclusions 13 of 14 slides • Challenges: lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design. • Aim: to develop a new decision support system.
- 46. Conclusions 13 of 14 slides • Challenges: lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design. • Aim: to develop a new decision support system. • Why green infrastructures? Because they can offer multiple benefits in addition to water management.
- 47. Conclusions 13 of 14 slides • Challenges: lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design. • Aim: to develop a new decision support system. • Why green infrastructures? Because they can offer multiple benefits in addition to water management. • Quantifying green values with KPIs and monetary measures.
- 48. Conclusions 13 of 14 slides • Challenges: lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design. • Aim: to develop a new decision support system. • Why green infrastructures? Because they can offer multiple benefits in addition to water management. • Quantifying green values with KPIs and monetary measures. • A systematic evaluation framework – a better tool for optioneering.
- 49. Conclusions 13 of 14 slides • Challenges: lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design. • Aim: to develop a new decision support system. • Why green infrastructures? Because they can offer multiple benefits in addition to water management. • Quantifying green values with KPIs and monetary measures. • A systematic evaluation framework – a better tool for optioneering. • Integration with multi-objective optimisation – encourage the consideration of multiple benefits.
- 50. Conclusions 13 of 14 slides • Challenges: lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design. • Aim: to develop a new decision support system. • Why green infrastructures? Because they can offer multiple benefits in addition to water management. • Quantifying green values with KPIs and monetary measures. • A systematic evaluation framework – a better tool for optioneering. • Integration with multi-objective optimisation – encourage the consideration of multiple benefits. • Research outputs for industrial sponsor: new features in their drainage design software suite.
- 51. Conclusions 13 of 14 slides • Challenges: lack of commonly agreed standard for sustainable drainage design. • Aim: to develop a new decision support system. • Why green infrastructures? Because they can offer multiple benefits in addition to water management. • Quantifying green values with KPIs and monetary measures. • A systematic evaluation framework – a better tool for optioneering. • Integration with multi-objective optimisation – encourage the consideration of multiple benefits. • Research outputs for industrial sponsor: new features in their drainage design software suite. • “Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful.” – Professor George E.P. Box photo's courtesy of Amazon
- 52. Acknowledgement 14 of 14 slides David Fortune and Netsanet Mebrate XP Solutions Professors Dragan Savić and Zoran Kapelan, University of Exeter
- 53. Thank you for your attention Any questions? jo-fai.chow@stream-idc.net http://tinyurl.com/chow-iahr2013 http://tinyurl.com/greenvalues http://tinyurl.com/xpdrainage XPDrainage Software Demo: Monday (16th Sep) Afternoon Shanghai
- 54. Additional Information: Capital and Operational Expenditure Extra slides
- 55. Additional Information: Estimation of Annual Reduced Runoff (m3) Extra slides
- 56. Additional Information: Annual Energy Savings Extra slides
- 57. Additional Information: Amenity Value of New Habitats Extra slides
- 58. Additional Information: Determining Locations - Height Map Extra slides HIGH LOW Natural Flow Pattern (General)
- 59. Additional Information: Determining Locations - Deluge Extra slides Natural Ponding
- 60. Additional Information: Determining Locations – Site Layout Extra slides Draft site layout based on land value and expected return
- 61. Additional Information: Determining Locations – Mimic The Nature Extra slides Mini Sub-catchments Sustainable Drainage Systems Mimicking Natural Flow Patterns
- 62. Additional Information: Comparing Multiple Design Options Different design options. Comparing multiple benefits with parallel coordinates. Comparing cost-benefits for different options. Extra slides