Clint Brown's Technology Keynote presentation at the 2010 ESRI International User Conference on Wednesday, July 14th. For more information: http://www.esri.com/uc

1. The Role of Maps in GIS Clint Brown

2. “Mapping” encompasses a lot Traditional media Paper maps Imagery New media Web maps Mobile maps Geographic information People have learned to use and appreciate the value of “new media” maps, and GIS can exploit this

3. People use maps for many activities To communicate and convey large amounts of information

4. To find patterns Crime Median Age

5. To view information over time

6. To derive new information using analysis Malaria Predictions Heat map of crime Optimizing routes

7. To communicate ideas, concepts, designs, … Sarah Ellingson

8. To get status reportsOperational dashboards Haiti Earthquake response Water utility operational dashboard BP Oil Blowout

9. To compile geographic information Most GIS organizations compile and maintain information inventories (e.g., Hydrology, Soils, Geology, Transportation, Boundaries, Parcels, etc.)

11. The contents of each map are organized as a series of layersA map is a kind of geographic information model . . . . . . GIS is founded on map layer concepts

13. Surface layers

14. Etc.Derived Layers (e.g., Model Results)

15. Multi-scale BasemapsBasemap layers provide a framework and context for working with other map layers Topographic Geology General purpose city Imagery Parcels Utilities

16. General Purpose City Map: Pasadena, California

17. Basemaps Basemap Sandwich Fused Base Map Reference Overlay Theme Terrain Geology Topographic Basemap Imagery Hybrid

18. BasemapsUsing map sandwiches Terrain underlay

19. Basemaps Using map sandwiches Reference overlay Names, transportation, hydro, . . .

20. Basemaps Using map sandwiches Slide your theme into the sandwich Population, Hydrology, Geology, Soils, Land use, Ecoregions, . . . Median Age

21. Basemaps Using map sandwiches Imagery Hybrid Imagery plus Reference Overlay

22. Types of layersFeature layers . . . Feature shapes plus attributes Portrayed using symbols, colors, and labels — based on attribute values Assign symbols to attribute values (e.g., street class) . . . . . . and labels (e.g., street name)

23. Feature layers have information popupsLayers as interactive reports Maps tell stories

24. Feature layers have attachmentsAdd photos and other documents to a feature . . . how features communicate rich information

26. Parcel fabric uses specialized topological rules for how elements fit together to form the parcel fabric

27. A Map Document has Layers

28. Layers have symbology and labels

30. Sensor layersFeature layers can be created for sensor networks Traffic cameras Stream gauges

33. Derived layersGeoprocessing Results Analytical Models Optimizing Travel Times Areas within 2-, 4-, and 6-hours by truck Suitability map Polygon overlay of flood plains on parcels Spatial statistics Derived layers for spatial analysis and to automate tasks (e.g., ETL)

34. ArcMapTo create a map, you create layers and add them to your map The Table of Contents helps you to organize the layers in your map

35. Layers encapsulate how you work with GIS datasets How datasets are classified, symbolized, and labeled How to view and work with feature attributes How features are edited Attribute table HTML popups New in Version 10 Feature editing templates

36. Layer properties Subsets (Queries) Scale-dependent display properties Joins and relates Attribute field properties Alias names Visible fields Hidden fields Display expressions Time properties Group layers Visible fields, expressions, captions, … Time Slider Editing templates

37. Your map helps you to Compile and edit shared features Define the visible map scales Derive a new layer by analyzing information in other layers Can be saved and shared as map packages and layer packages ArcMapMap documents and layers encapsulate your knowledge

38. Users share maps and layersUsing ArcGIS Online Free Online Storage Groups Share Map packages and Layer packages Search / Use Desktop Users

39. ArcGIS 10 ArcGIS is about making, using, and sharing GIS maps and apps for many purposes Desktop Maps (MXD, MPK, MSD, LYR, LPK) Web Maps and Apps Mobile Maps and Apps

40. ArcGIS is an online system for using geographic information everywhereA range of clients — GIS desktops, Web browsers, and mobile devices Connected to maps and geographic information services from thousands of organizations worldwide. On local computers (and as files on disk) Published as GIS Web services for use within an enterprise Published and shared in the cloud

41. GIS web mapsA new kind of map that works on the web Shared with everyone Works everywhere In browsers Mobile devices In custom apps And in GIS desktops

42. Web MapsSharing GIS with everyone There is a new map media called a web map This is one of many map patterns for the web and is already widely used (e.g., by Google, Microsoft Bing, ArcGIS Online, etc.) This pattern involves the use of multi-scale base maps plus operational overlays (mashups) Each map is published as an open map service on the web Published with multiple APIs: REST, SOAP, WMS, WCS, KML A Web Map combines these in a common application Simple HTML and Mobile APIs are used to assemble web applications that reference REST endpoints (URLs). Only a few dozen lines of code are needed to create great web map apps With ArcGIS Online, making a map is even easier (No web programming) Make a Web Map

43. Web maps can be created and shared Web browser (ArcGIS.com) Create your Web map at ArcGIS.com and in Explorer Online

44. Web maps can be sharedArcGIS Explorer Online

45. Web maps can be sharedAdd notes and build presentations with Explorer Online Using maps to tell stories

46. Web maps can be sharediPhone, iOS, Android, . . .

47. Web maps can be shared Using Custom Apps Web APIs for Javascript, Flex, Silverlight, SharePoint, iOS, and Android

48. Web maps can be sharedArcGIS Explorer Desktop Adding tasks for modeling and analysis

49. Web maps can be sharedArcMap

50. Web maps can be sharedArcMap Perform advanced work: Editing, Geoprocessing, Modeling, . . .

51. How to create great web maps and apps

52. Web Maps A web map is a set of web map layers. Each layer is based on a web map service. A web map service in ArcGIS is published using a map document. You author your web map layers as map documents in ArcMap and publish them as map services. You combine a set of web map layers from multiple services in your web map application. There is a common pattern for web maps

53. Creating a GIS Web MapA commonly used pattern Multi-scale Basemap(s) Operational Overlay(s) Tools for working with each layer A GIS app to bring this to life

56. Operational LayersThe focused set of layers that users work with Editing and data access layers Observations, sensor feeds, incidents Query results Result layers that are derived from analytical models Earthquakes Inundation Areas &Affected Buildings Incidents, Customer Calls, Work Orders

57. Operational layers Put interesting data behind your maps. Use tools to reach into that data. “What can you do with a single mouse-click?” Maps as interactive reports enable you to simplify the cartography (e.g., fewer and simpler labels)

58. Operational Layers are used for information accessLayers as interactive, georeferenced reports Operational Overlay Operational Overlay Base Map Basemap Sandwich

59. Simplest Report is Information PopupThe most common layer report method Avoid use of Feature and Object IDs Abbreviated / technical field names Code values Poorly formatted real numbers Etc.

60. Operational LayersLayers as interactive reports Interactive reports are controlled by adding information to specific results columns in your geodatabase Add columns with meaningful valuesto your feature tables Populate report attributes for each feature Identify the audience. Focus on delivering information to help them do their work

61. Operational LayersThe focused set of layers that users work with Include tools for rich operations Examples Calculate population within 100 miles of an earthquake Show current stream flow Project Planning Earthquakes Stream Flow Water Utility Plans

62. Operational LayersCartographic design is important Good symbology and labels Support for scale-dependent display Not relevant at these map scales

63. Apps use basemaps plus operational overlaysOut-of-the-box apps and custom apps Operational layers require: Cartographic design (e.g., scale-dependencies) Popup Report Design Tools to work with the layer’s content Maps tell stories Use Presentations in ArcGIS Explorer Associate specific tools with each operational layer

64. Observations and ImplicationsAnd random thoughts . . .

65. Better maps are needed

66. Key points The GIS community builds and maintains important information sets Maps – both 2D and 3D, are the way this geographic information is brought to life However, most GIS professionals are not cartographers But, …There is a GIS mapping “community” The mapping community can provide the designs and build map specifications for the rest of us for web delivery (i.e., templates) The mapping community can share its designs and map templates Users can import their data into these templates and publish maps on the Web

67. Most GIS maps and apps are too complicatedSimplify and Streamline One-size-fits-all, general Übermaps Applications with (too) many options and toolbars and bells and whistles and the kitchen sink, etc. Designing map and geodatabase together leads to simpler data models that are streamlined

68. GIS for everyone means your GIS must be relevant and vitalOld ways of GIS are no longer sustainable Current Focus Future Individual organizations have their own maps Independently designed map documents and geodatabases Slow to deploy and adapt Focus is on data formats and dataset sharing Standards efforts are focused on this too. Clunky sharing and standards. Focused interactive maps that are mission-based Transformation to shared web maps for delivery Work together on common designs (Templates) Use of Web maps for information access Use of Web maps to communicate and tell stories Simplify and streamline Maps and templates will play a critical role

69. The ArcGIS Community will create and share great GIS maps and apps (Content) ESRI is building some core maps Imagery, streets, locators Demographic and business maps ESRI is engaging with our user communities on other strategic maps (collaborative) Topographic map, Image map, Street map, Others Many of you will create and share maps Hosted at ArcGIS Online User-managed Great map and app designs shared as templates

70. Lessons learned Group layers do a lot for your design (e.g., scale-dependent display, organizing information by theme, . . .) Frequently, you’ll need maps to be more specific at larger map scales

71. Base maps become more specific at larger map scales

72. Base maps become more specific at larger map scales

73. Base maps become more specific at larger map scales

75. Lessons learned Leverage map content from other users Use “map sandwiches” for some base maps

76. Lessons learned Leverage map content from other users Use “map sandwiches” for some base maps

77. Lessons learned Leverage map content from other users Design your maps to fit with others’

78. Lessons learned Leverage map content from other users Design your maps to fit with others’

80. 90 minutes to cache

81. Seven map scales 1:36,000 to 1:1,000Cambridge, MA and Harvard University

82. Lessons learnedGIS content is almost always better than consumer web maps Up-to-date Trusted & Understood Authoritative Known quality . . . and consumer web maps can improve through the use of GIS content

83. Summary

84. GIS is evolving to emphasize the role of maps How we communicate with GIS Maps portray logical collections of geographic information as map layers They are at the heart of how GIS is used They provide an effective metaphor for modeling and organizing geographic information as a series of thematic layers Maps encapsulate everything we do with GIS

85. The new Web GIS trend will require better maps and information Will drive a resurgence in the need for high quality, up-to-date information The traditional data compilation work of GIS professionals will be needed to meet this need Web GIS deployments will lead to increased professional GIS work and sharing for Data automation Editing Mapping Analysis Automation 3D GIS Map use A key goal in ArcGIS 10 is about meeting these needs

86. Key points Unified map designs are needed Harmonized map views that can be mashed up together Shared data schemas and maps across organizations This leads to shared apps across organizations Shared maps and apps are recognizable. Consumers can learn to use and apply familiar maps Synergy Crowd sourcing by the GIS community

87. Base Maps plus Operational OverlaysThere are many types of “base maps” Consumer maps provide imagery and streets. These are important but do not provide the context for addressing all problems. Additional web maps are needed to provide the context or framework for addressing a range of problems. The GIS community must provide these base maps. Very few web maps can be built by a single organization. A collaborative effort is needed to bring our content together in a series of unified, harmonized, continuous basemaps.

88. Thank You

89. Useful Links Download slides at: http://blogs.esri.com/Dev/blogs/arcgis Look for BLOG article named “The role of maps in GIS” by Clint Brown Help topics The role of maps: http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/help/index.html#/How_maps_are_used_in_GIS/00v200000016000000/ ArcMap documents and Web maps: http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/help/index.html#/ArcMap_documents_and_Web_maps/00v200000017000000/ Web GIS concepts and implementation steps: http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/help/index.html#/An_overview_of_Web_GIS/00530000008r000000/ Map Templates Gallery: http://resources.arcgis.com/content/maptemplates/about Community Basemaps: http://resources.arcgis.com/content/community-basemap/about