1. β-cells of pancreas make up 65-80% of the cells in the areas called the islets of Langerhans.

2. β-cells make and release INSULIN 1. enables cells to absorb glucose in order to turn it into energy; 2. controls the level of glucose in the blood.

3. Viral infections ( Koksaki B4 , parotitis epidemica, rubella virus ets.) Autoantibodies ( autoimmune diseases ) Some chemicals and drugs Trauma Alcohol ets.

4. β-cells damage!

5. sugar level increases in the blood stream Main symptoms: 1. fatigue; 2. increased hunger; 3. excessive thirst along with frequent urination; 4. weight loss; 5. nausea and vomiting.

6. Diabetes Type 1 autoimmune Type 2 secondary diabetes, caused by viral disease, drugs, trauma ets.

7. monitoring of glycemic state of the body (blood glucose)

8. Treatment goals: 1. Dietary management; 2. Exercises; 3. Antidiabetic drugs - Oral drugs , -Injectable peptide analogs, -Insulin preparations.