1. Do it yourself !!!
Submitted by,
Jerin K John
[ jerinisready@gmail.com]
S7 CS - 12141009
- An Open Source Hardware

2. KEY- WORDS
 Open Source Hardware
 Micro Controller
 Programmable Devices
 Sensors and Actuators
 IDE- Integrated Development Environment

3.  Arduino – an Open Source Hardware
 How Arduino?
 Programming environment
 Features of Arduino
 Applications of Arduino
 Arduino v/s other environment
 Final thought
 References
This Session Includes…

4. What is an Arduino ?
1
• A board for anyone to build basic level
of intelligence into an object

5. The Arduino is a …
 Single-board microcontroller, intended to make the application of
interactive objects or environments more accessible
 Designed to make the process of using electronics multidisciplinary
projects more accessible
 Circuitry which executes instructions in programmable Integrated
Circuit

6.  Blinking LED
 Line Follow Car
 Obstacle Avoiding Robot
Simple Working…

8. Arduino can…
 Sense the environment by receiving input from variety of
sensors.
 Affect its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other
actuators.
 Support Standalone Applications
 Integrate with Computer / other process

9. Brief History of Arduino
 In 2005, a project was initiated to make a device for controlling student-
built interactive design projects that was less expensive than other
prototyping systems available at the time.
 Founders Massimo Banzi and David Cuartielles named the project after
Arduino of Ivrea and began producing boards in a small factory located in
Ivrea.
“…we started to figure out how could we make the whole platform even
simpler, even easier, even cheaper, even easier to use.. And then we started
to essentially re-impliment the whole thing as an open source project.”

10. Programming Environment
 The Arduino Uno can be programmed with the Arduino software
IDE(integrated development environment).
 The ATmega328 on the Arduino Uno comes pre-burnt with a Boot
loader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an
external hardware programmer.
 You can also bypass the Boot loader and program the microcontroller
through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header.
 Arduino IDE works on Windows, Linux as well as Mac Lion X
platforms.

11. Hardware and Shield !
2

12. Features of Arduino UN0
 Microcontroller : ATmega328
 Operating Voltage : 5V and 3.3 V
 Input Voltage (limits) : 6-20V (7-12V recommented)
 Digital I/O Pins : 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
 Analog Input Pins : 6
 DC Current per I/O Pin : 40 mA
 DC Current for 3.3V Pin : 50 mA
 Flash Memory : 32 KB (ATmega328)
 Boot Loader requirement: 512B
 SRAM : 2 KB (ATmega328)
 EEPROM : 1 KB (ATmega328)
 Clock Speed : 20 MHz

13. Most popular Arduino Boards
1. Arduino Uno
2. Arduino Leonardo
3. Arduino Mega
4. Arduino Due
5. Arduino Micro
6. Arduino Lily Pad
7. Arduino BT

14. TheArduinoUNOboard
Arduino UNO Board

15. ArduinoLayout:

16. Shields and Supports
 Ethernet Shield
 Relay Shield
 Proto Shield [Permanent]
 Motor Shield
 Can Bus Shield [on board diagnosis]
 Joystick Shield Kit
 GSM / GPRS Shield
 Micro SD Shield

17. How can it do ?
 Sensors
 Push Buttons, Touch pads, tilt switches
 Variable resistors [ regulator, sliders ]
 Photo resistors [ sensing light levels ]
 Thermistors [ temperature ]
 Ultrasound [ proximity range finder ]
 Actuators
 LED, other lights
 Motors
 Speakers, buzzers
 Display units

18. Coding and IDE
3

20. Arduino IDE:

21. Blinking LED | Arduino
/* Blink Turns on an LED on for one second, then off for one second,
repeatedly. */
// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the
board
void setup() { // initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an
output.
pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() { // the loop function runs over and over
again forever
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); // turn the LED on
(HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(1000); // wait for a second

22. Line Following Robot| Arduino
/*-------definning Inputs------*/
#define LS 2 // left sensor
#define RS 3 // right sensor
/*-------definning Outputs------*/
#define LM1 4 // left motor
#define LM2 5 // left motor
#define RM1 6 // right motor
#define RM2 7 // right motor
void setup()
{
pinMode(LS, INPUT);
pinMode(RS, INPUT);
pinMode(LM1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LM2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(RM1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(RM2, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
if(digitalRead(LS) &&
digitalRead(RS))
// Move Forward
{
digitalWrite(LM1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LM2, LOW);
digitalWrite(RM1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(RM2, LOW);
}
if(!(digitalRead(LS)) &&
digitalRead(RS)) // Turn right
{
digitalWrite(LM1, LOW);
digitalWrite(LM2, LOW);
digitalWrite(RM1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(RM2, LOW);
}
if(digitalRead(LS) &&
!(digitalRead(RS))) // turn left
{
digitalWrite(LM1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LM2, LOW);
digitalWrite(RM1, LOW);
digitalWrite(RM2, LOW);
}
if(!(digitalRead(LS)) &&
!(digitalRead(RS))) // stop
{
digitalWrite(LM1, LOW);
digitalWrite(LM2, LOW);
digitalWrite(RM1, LOW);
digitalWrite(RM2, LOW);
}
}

23. Others…
4

24. Other prototyping platforms
 Raspberry pi
 Beagle board
 Panda board
 Cotton candy
 Cubie Board
 APC Rock
 Hackberry
 Gooseberry

25. Arduino v/s other environments
 Support for analog input
 Limited Computing power
 Comparatively cheap
 No GPU unit
 Limited memory
 Open source

26. Why Arduino?
 Open source
 Simplified and user-friendly programming language
 No additional programmer/burner hardware required for
programming board
 Portable
 Low power consumption
 Economic
 Availability of Shields

27. Applications of Arduino
 Home Automations
 Robotics
 ISP programming
 Easy Wi-Fi,
 GSM,
 Ethernet,
 Bluetooth,
 GPS and much more
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28. Final thoughts…
 Arduino is a cheap and versatile open source prototyping
environment
 It is basically designed as for common non technical people
 Programming language is simple and similar to basic C syntax.
 Has a terrific community support and documentation
 Technical people can use Arduino for testing sensors or other
prototyping work

29. Where to get Started ? [:Referrals]
 http://www.arduino.cc/download/ - Arduino Dev. Manual
 http://learn.adafruit.com/category/learn-arduino
 http://playground.arduino.cc/ - Arduino Code Repository
 http://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/line-follower-robot-
using-arduino - Source codes
 Recommended books - Making Things Talk (by Tom Igoe),
- Getting Started With Arduino (by
Massimo Banzi )

30. Thank you! 