Invited presentation. 1st International Conference on STI and Development Seoul, Republic of Korea, 9-10 September 2015.

1. Towards a Pan-African
Innovation Ecosystem (PAIES):
STI cooperation as a lever of national, regional
and continental development.
Prof. Jelel Ezzine
Tunisian Association for the Advancement
of Science, Technology and Innovation (TAASTI)
1st International Conference on STI and Development
Seoul, Republic of Korea
9-10 September, 2015
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2. 1. The Clarion Calls,
2. The Education Paradox,
3. Visions of Sweet Tomorrow,
4. Who is Right, Who is Wrong,
5. From the What to the How,
6. PAIES is Born …,
7. … a Debut of a Solution,
Outline
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3. Do you hear the clarion calls?
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4. The Education Paradox!
(or one more clarion call)
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5. …established wisdom!
Human capital plays a decisive role, and the capacity to
learn matters more than the level of knowledge. While
secondary school certificates were the trump cards of
industrialization, higher degrees are those of the
knowledge economy. Lifelong training is essential.
Lundvalle, 1998
Knowledge Economies in MENA, WBI, 2003
“Over the next ten years, 26 of the top 30 fastest growing
jobs require some post-secondary education or training …
The demand for skilled workers is outpacing supply,
resulting in attractive, high-paying jobs going unfilled.”
Assistant Secretary of Labor for Employment and Training
Innovate America, Dec. 2004
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6. The U.S. Case!
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7. What about Africa?
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8. Unemployment Rates
by Level of Education
(Tunisia, 2001-2010)
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9. Unemployment Rates
by Educational Attainment
(Tunisia, 1984-2010)
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11. http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/education-
economic-growth-by-ricardo-hausmann-2015-05
Ricardo Hausmann
May, 2015
China started with less education than Tunisia, Mexico,
Kenya, or Iran in 1960, and had made less progress than
them by 2010. And yet, in terms of economic growth,
China blew all of them out of the water. The same can be
said of Thailand and Indonesia vis-à-vis the Philippines,
Cameroon, Ghana, or Panama. Again, the fast growers
must be doing something in addition to providing
education.
Hausmann’s finding!
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12. 1. Agenda 2063: The Africa we want, AU,
2. Transforming Our World: The 2030
Agenda for Sustainable Development, UN,
3. Science, Technology and Innovation
Strategy for Africa (STISA) 2024, AU.
Visions of sweet tomorrow!
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14. Who is right who is wrong?
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15. Entrepreneurship!
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16. FDI and Technology Spillover
• … the results show the positive impact of R&D
activities, human capital quality, past experience
in innovation and public subsidies on probability
of firms to innovate; whereas, ownership
structure has a negative impact. Innovation and R&D
Investment of Tunisian Firms: A Two-Regime Model with Selectivity Correction, MOHAMED
KRIAA and ZOUHOUR KARRAY, The Journal of Business Inquiry 2010,
• They also suggest that firms with high export
intensity and significant foreign capital
participation are found to be less innovating than
partially exporting firms with low foreign capital
share. Innovation in Tunisia, Empirical Analysis for Industrial Sector, Moez El Elj,
Décembre 2010.9-10/09/2015 STEPI 1st STI&D Conf., Seoul 16

17. (Slavo Radosevic, 2009)
R&D and Growth!
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18. From the What to the How!
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19. 1.Phase I (now-2025): Further NISs
convergence while preparing the future,
2.Phase II (now-2035): Regional Innovation
Systems emergence, and
3.Phase III (now-2045): Viable operation of
PAIES.
The Pan-African Innovation
EcoSystem (PAIES)
A Three Phases short, medium
to long term agenda
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20. The Fundamental
Process of Learning!
Ken Arrow
Learning by Doing
1962
Joseph Stiglitz
Learning Society
1987
B. A. Lundvall
DUI-Mode Learning
1994
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21. 1.Mezzo level of analysis and policy: a
System of Innovation perspective
2.Industrial upgrading and structural change
at the the core of growth policy, and
3.Uncertainty(/Complexity) and its policy
implications.
(Slavo Radosevic, 2009)
post-Washington approach
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22. The idea has supporters!
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24. 1. On the Continental Level:
i. Initiate work on PAIES by building on past experiences, available
literature, and “best” practices,
ii. Identify and map the RISs, and potential causes of failures for
future policies design and implementation,
iii. Initiate progressively the AE and AR Areas, aligned with the
PAIES framework while maintaining national, regional and
continental coherence,
2. On the Countries level:
i. “Benchmark” the NISs, and help identify promising
industry/services growth niches,
ii. Identify R&D priorities, missing policies, and S&T
policies/management capacity building, in coherence with (i) and
the new framework,
iii. Accelerate the contextualized convergence to the AE and AR
Areas, with emphasis on institutional autonomy.
Phase I (now-2025)
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25. 1. On the Continental Level:
i. Facilitate the development of the identified RISs in coherence
with the desired/emerging PAIES,
ii. Assist in shaping the RISs, while consolidating the NISs,
iii. Finalize the blue print needed for the launching of the PAIES,
2. On the Countries level:
i. Implement the needed changes to secure the viability of their
NISs,
ii. Initiate the needed transformations to adopt the identified
industries/services niches,
iii. Actively contribute, with the concerned regional countries and the
assistance of e.g., the AU, to the creation and emergence of the
RIs.
Phase II (now-2035)
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26. 1. On the Continental Level:
i. Progressively launch the PAIES,
ii. Evaluate, monitor and “smartly” tweak the NISs, the RISs and the
PAIES to viably sustain the three levels system,
iii. Revisit the PAIES blue print such as the vision, mission and
strategies, along with the related programs and projects in order
to fit the new local, regional and global contexts and dynamics,
2. On the Countries level:
i. Steer effectively their NISs in coherence and complementarity
with their RIS,
ii. Contribute effectively to their RIS and insure coherence with the
PAIES,
iii. Fully engage with their NIS and RES, and actively participate in
the related governing bodies to sustain and enhance the
systemic viability of the PAIES.
Phase III (now-2045)
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28. PAIES is born and on …
the move!
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