jStanley: Placing a Green Thumb on Java Collections
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Software developers are more and more eager to understand their code’s energy performance. However, even with such knowledge it is di cult to know how to improve the code. Indeed, little tool support exists to understand the energy consumption pro le of a software system and to eventually (automatically) improve its code. In this paper we present a tool termed jStanley which automat- ically nds collections in Java programs that can be replaced by others with a positive impact on the energy consumption as well as on the execution time. In seconds, developers obtain information about energy-eager collection usage. jStanley will further suggest alternative collections to improve the code, making it use less time, energy, or a combination of both. The preliminary evaluation we ran using jStanley shows energy gains between 2% and 17%, and a reduction in execution time between 2% and 13%. A video can be seen at https://greensoftwarelab.github.io/jStanley.
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jStanley: Placing a Green Thumb on Java Collections
- 1. jStanley: Placing a Green Thumb on Java Collections Rui Pereira*‡, Pedro Simão§†, Jácome Cunha§‡, João Saraiva*‡ http://greenlab.di.uminho.pt* HASLab/INESC Tec § NOVA LINCS ‡ Universidade do Minho † DI, FCT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa Portugal {ruipereira, jacome, jas}@di.uminho.pt, p.simao@campus.fct.unl.pt ASE 2018 @ Montpellier, France, September 3-7
- 2. Going Green 2 + = greenlab.di.uminho.pt
- 3. Global energy system is unsustainable 3 greenlab.di.uminho.pt
- 4. Green Computing Caught the attention of many companies allowing them to save: greenlab.di.uminho.pt 4 “close to 50% of the energy costs of an organization can be attributed to the IT departments” - [PICMET, 2009] “up to 90% of energy used by ICT hardware can be attributed to software” - [The Greenhouse Gas Protocol Report, 2013]
- 5. Green Software Problems (extend to programmers): How to analyze How to interpret How to improve greenlab.di.uminho.pt 5 Mining questions about software energy consumption - [MSR’14] Integrated energy-directed test suite optimization - [ISTA’14]
- 6. Can we save energy by refactoring Java programs to use different data structure implementations? greenlab.di.uminho.pt 6
- 7. greenlab.di.uminho.pt 7 Java Collections Framework (JCF) library ConcurrentSkipListSet ArrayList ConcurrentHashMap CopyOnWriteArraySet AttributeList ConcurrentSkipListMap HashSet CopyOnWriteArrayList HashMap LinkedHashSet LinkedList Hashtable TreeSet RoleList IdentityHashMap RoleUnresolvedList LinkedHashMap Stack Properties Vector SimpleBindings TreeMap UIDefaults WeakHashMap Sets Lists Maps Towards a Ranking of Java data structures Design – Data Structures
- 8. greenlab.di.uminho.pt 8 add add clear addAll addAll containsKey clear add(index) containsValue contains addAll(index) entrySet containsAll clear get iterateAll contains iterateAll iterator containsAll keySet remove get put removeAll indexOf putAll retainAll iterator remove toArray lastIndexOf values listIterator Continues… Sets Lists Maps Towards a Ranking of Java data structures Design - Methods
- 9. greenlab.di.uminho.pt 9 Towards a Ranking of Java data structures Results (25k pop)
- 10. greenlab.di.uminho.pt 10 Towards a Ranking of Java data structures
- 11. Optimizing Energy Consumption of Java Programs greenlab.di.uminho.pt 11 Methodology 1. Compute which collections/methods are used in the programs 2. Look up the appropriate energy tables for the used collections/methods 3. Choose the most energy efficient alternative
- 15. Conclusion greenlab.di.uminho.pt 15 We have presented a tool, jStanley, that can automatically improve Java code Improvements include less energy consumption, time, or a combination of both It’s a plug-in for Eclipse Static analysis, giving results in seconds Quick fix suggestions will display how much is the improvement expected to be We are working on memory consumption to include in the jStanley We will run a broader study Measure improvements Measure execution time
- 16. jStanley: Placing a Green Thumb on Java Collections Rui Pereira*‡, Pedro Simão§†, Jácome Cunha§‡, João Saraiva*‡ http://greenlab.di.uminho.pt* HASLab/INESC Tec § NOVA LINCS ‡ Universidade do Minho † DI, FCT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa Portugal {ruipereira, jacome, jas}@di.uminho.pt, p.simao@campus.fct.unl.pt ASE 2018 @ Montpellier, France, September 3-7
Notas do Editor
- Aware of the energy consumption problem, many times seeking help in resolving this, misconceptions within the programming community as to what causes highenergy consumption, how to solve them a heavy lack of support and knowledge for energy-aware development Even in software testing Image from [http://thevunderkind.com/new-to-coding-dont-know-how-to-pick-your-first-language-let-udacitys-infographic-help-you/]
- The most classical way is to separate Implement the interfaces Separation makes sense as each interface is used for distinct properties Elimiated: Job State Reasons (SET) IdentityHashMap (MAP)
- CopyOnWriteArraySet was discarded. Did not finish in reasonable amount of time.
- LinkedHashSet includes most of the efficient methods But we can also note it has the two most inefficient methods (addAll and containsAll)
- Provides analysis with multiple orders of magnituted. Learn how it scales also
- RoleUnresolved and AttributeList are the best. Interesting they both extend ArrayList which has less efficient methods, and quite different consumption values. LinkedList is by far the worse
- HashTable, LinkedHashMap, Properties contain the most efficient methods, with no red. Once again concurrent fails. Properties is generally used to store project configuration data/settings, yet produced very good results for this simple string value scenario