2. Developmental
control
Signal
transduction
1. Flowering induction
2. Specification of inflorescence
3. Specification of flower meristem
4. Est. of floral organ identity
5. Regulation of fruit , seed &
embryo development
1. Senescence
2. Stress response
3. Growth & polarity of
cell.
4. Differentiation.
etc
3. This family of transcription factors is defined by the presence
of a conserved domain, the MADS box, in the N-terminal
region, involved in DNA binding and dimerization with other
MADS-box proteins.
MIKC-
M-MADS domain
I - weakly conserved intervening domain
K – conserved Keratin like domain(transcriptional activation )
C – highly variable C-terminal domain
5. 1. Class A gene – AP1
2. Class B genes – AP3 & PI
3. Class C gene – AG
4. Class D genes -
STK/AGL11 & SHP
5. Class E genes - SEP1,
SEP2, SEP3, SEP4.
6. Regulatory genes –
SOC1and SVP are involved
in the regulation of
flowering transition
+ve – SOC1 & AGL 24
-ve – FLC & SVP, AGL 12,
AGL 15, AGL 17
6. MIKC* structure is very similar to MIKCC genes but the
K-domain is poorly conserved in its last part and
gene structure show an exon duplication in its 5’
region.
Very small size in all plant species two genes in the
eudicot (Eschscholzia) , the basal angiosperm
(Aristolochia) and six genes in Arabidopsis thaliana
Phylogenetic analyses of MIKC* genes from a broad
variety of vascular plants confirm the existence of
two clades S( AGL66 and AGL104) and P (AGL30,
AGL65, AGL94)
MIKC* genes seem to retain a conserved and essential
role in gametophyte development during the
evolution of land plants
7. 11-229 genes are there in flowering plants.
61 members are found in Arabidopsis
Expression of type I Arabidopsis genes in central cell,
antipodal cell and chalazal endosperm of the embryo
sac, indicate that they play an important role in
female gametophyte and early seed development.
Mα-type proteins preferentially form heterodimers
with Mβ or Mγ-type proteins whereas interactions
within the same subclass are rare.
Mα(25) Mβ(20) Mγ(16)
8. The complete MIKCC type genes set with the
discovery of 10 new genes, mainly belonging
to the SVP, AGL17, BSister (BS) and AGL6
subfamilies, as well as the characterization of
the complete set of MIKC* and type I MADS-
box genes of grapevine.
This work also represents a direct application
of the published grapevine nomenclature
recommendations on the annotation of a
complex gene family
Phylogenetic analysis ontology
9. Sequence comparison analysis shows 169 genome region
homology with at least one of the gene.
42 genes without having MADS domain
37 genes/region having truncated with stop codon
15 regions are non functional due to in complete sequence in
the data assembly or by natural genetic variation within
grapevines
Finally there is 90 MADS-box genes with functional structure are
identified in grapevines.
37 new genes with compare to previous study
30 new genes compared to the CRIBI V1annotation
19 new genes with respect to reference sequence
14 new genes never been detected before are there.
10.
11. By the recommendation of Super-Nomenclature
Committee for Grape Gene Annotation(sNCGGa)
here is the Phylogenetic tree of MADS box
proteins
42 grapevines genes corresponds to MIKCC
6 grapevines genes corresponds to MIKC *
23 grapevines genes corresponds to Mα(type 1)
19 grapevines genes corresponds to Mγ(type 1)
MIKC *(Mδ) – MADSD
Mα(type 1) – MADS1A
Mγ(type 1) – MADS1G
MIKC *(Mδ) –MADSD-1,2 ,3
clade
MADS1A- 1, 2, 3 clade of
genes
MADS1G- 1, 2, 3 clade of
genes
12. MADS-box genes were located on 17 of the
19 grapevine chromosomes
There are still three genes located in the
unknown chromosome
The ten new MIKCC genes compared to 37 are
definitely positioned in the chromosome.
Here different members of several
subfamilies are located in chromosomal
regions that might represent paralogous
segments resulting from ancestral
polyploidization events
13.
14. The MIKC* MADS-box genes
Mα Type 1 MADS-box genes:
M α2 Type 1 MADS-box genes:
Six gene in A.thaliana matches here
MADSD1a & MADS1c only K domain
MADS3a homolog to AGL 66, 67,104 in MADS region only
3 clades are here(Mα1,α2,α3)
In Mα1, 7 genes in grapevines (MADS1A1a,1b,1c,1d,1e, 1f,1g etc)
These results suggest that duplication of
some members of this family is relatively old predating species
divergence.
In Mα2, 9 genes in grapevines like MADSA2F,2G, 2H etc are here.
These sequences homology with soybean, Medicago, poplar and
papaya.
15. Mγ Type 1 MADS-box genes:
Mγ Type= Mγ1 Type+ Mγ2Type+ Mγ3 Type
Mγ1Type : 8 genes are located in grapevines
chr 17,15,5 with no clear homology to genes
from other species.
Mγ2Type: 7 genes are located in grapevines.
Out of that 5 genes located in chr 5 and 2 genes
are in chr 2.
Mγ3 Type: only one gene is found in
grapevines which has homology with
watermelon.
16.
17.
18.
19. 10 new MIKC gene they got
TM8b not coming fit in Type-II MIKC only it contain a
MADS domain.
SVPSI, SVPS4, SVPS5 contain only one exon follwed by 30
AA.
SVPS2, SVPS3 having large exon site
The orthology analyses indicated that SVPS sequences
were not present in the monocot species.
Interestingly, the new grapevine genes found in the
subfamilies BS (VviBS3), AGL17 (VviAGL17c,VviAGL17d),
AGL6 (VviAGL6b) and TM8 (VviTM8b), did not showed
orthology with other species.
1 belonging to BS sub family
2 belonging to AGL17 sub family
1 belonging to AGL6 sub family
1 Vvi TM 8b belonging to TM8a
Five new genes related to SVP in
chromosome 3 & 15
20. They have performed an exhaustive analysis of
MADS-box genes on the 12x grapevine genome
based on the isolation of the complete set of genes
identified in PN40024.
This supposes the identification of 90 functional
genes what adds 37 new genes to previous studies.
A new type of MADS-box genes not yet
characterized in other plant systems are found that is
VviSVPS
Their genomic analysis of MADS-box genes in
grapevine allowed the discovery of genes belonging
to the BS, AGL17, AGL6 and TM8 subfamilies that had
no homologs in other plant species.
