2. What is Multiplexer
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The Multiplexer acts as a multiple-input and single-output switch. Multiple
signals share one device or transmission conductor such as a copper wire
or fiber optic cable.In telecommunications, the analog or digital signals
transmitted on several communication channels by a multiplex method.
These signals are single-output higher-speed signals. A 4-to-1 multiplexer
contains four input signals and 2-to-1 multiplexer has two input signals and
one output signal.
Multiplexers are also extended with same name conventions as DE
multiplexer circuit is as below
3. Schematic Symbol for Multiplexer Truth Table for 2 to 1 Multiplexer
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4. 4 to 1 Multiplexer Circuit
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6. Frequency Division Multiplexing
Frequency Division Multiplexing is a technique which uses
various frequencies to combine many streams of data for
sending signals over a medium for communication purpose. It
carries frequency to each data stream and later combines
various modulated frequencies to transmission.Television
Transmitters are the best example for FDM, which uses FDM to
broad cast many channels at a time.
In this type of multiplexing, signals are generated by sending
different device-modulated carrier frequencies, and these
modulated signals are then combined into a single signal that
can be transported by the link.
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7. Wavelength Division Multiplexing
• Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is analog
multiplexing technique and it modulates many data streams
on light spectrum. This multiplexing is used in optical fiber.
It is FDM optical equivalent. Various signals in WDM are
optical signal that will be light and were transmitted through
optical fiber.WDM similar to FDM as it mixes many signals
of different frequencies into single signal and transfer on
one link.Wavelength of wave is reciprocal to its frequency, if
wavelength increase then frequency decreases.Several
light waves from many sources are united to get light signal
which will be transmitted across channel to receiver.
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8. Time Division Multiplexer
• TDM is one of types of multiplexers which join data streams by allotting every
stream different time slot in a set. It frequently transfers or sends various time
slots in an order over one transmission channel. TDM attaches PCM data
streams.
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9. Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer
• In Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing, an optical technology used to expand bandwidth onto fiber
optic. Bit rate and protocol are independent and these are the main advantage of DWDM.
• Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) operated by combining different signals
simultaneously at different wavelengths. On fiber is changed to multiple fibers. By increasing the carrier
capacity of fiber from 2.5Gb/s to 20 Gb/s, an eight OC 48 signals can be multiplexed into single fiber .
Single fibers are able to transfer data at a speed upto 400 GB/s due to DWDM
• .DWDM transfers data or information in IP, SONET, ATM and Ethernet It also carries different type of
traffic at a range of speeds on an optical channel.
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10. Statistical Multiplexer
• It allows to share a single line of data for multiplexer RS-232 devices. Error
correction will be performed in order to ensure the transmission an error-
free one. The word “Statistical” refers to its capability to receive advantage
of statics of many RS-232 devices means terminal and PC users.Each PC
averages less than 5% of its potential data rate.
• This type of multiplexer permits the sum of terminal and PC rates in which it
extends composite link speed between multiplexers. This is due the reason
that the keyboards are idle. These types of multiplexers requires buffer.
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11. Applications of Multiplexers
A Multiplexer is used in numerous applications like, where multiple data can be transmitted
using a single line.
• Communication System – A Multiplexer is used in communication systems, which has a
transmission system and also a communication network. A Multiplexer is used to increase
the efficiency of the communication system by allowing the transmission of data such as
audio & video data from different channels via cables and single lines.
• Computer Memory – A Multiplexer is used in computer memory to keep up a vast
amount of memory in the computers, and also to decrease the number of copper lines
necessary to connect the memory to other parts of the computer.
• Telephone Network – A multiplexer is used in telephone networks to integrate the
multiple audio signals on a single line of transmission.
• Transmission from the Computer System of a Satellite: A Multiplexer is used to
transmit the data signals from the computer system of a satellite to the ground system by
using a GSM communication.
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