1. QEEG
Quantitative
Electroencephalography

2. The QEEG is a painless and non-invasive procedure
which begins with data collection. The scalp is
prepared and measurements are calculated.

3. A stretchable elastic electrode cap is slipped onto
the head, and the recording electrodes filled with a
water soluble contact gel.

4. Brain waves are then recorded onto the computer
while the client relaxes with eyes closed and with
eyes open.

5. The brain waves are compared to a computer
library of brain waves from medically,
neurologically, and psychologically evaluated
normal subjects.

6. Broadman Areas and Brain Functions

7. EEG Absolute Power Z scores examines many
relationships between the various brain wave
frequencies.

8. Relative Power answers the question:
“Is performance potential restricted because some
brain wave frequencies are deficient or other
frequencies excessive?

9. Relative Power answers the question:
“Is performance potential restricted because some
brain wave frequencies are deficient or other
frequencies excessive?

10. Asymmetry looks at voltage differences between
brain areas, and answers the question: “Are
electrical impulses in these regions excessively high
or deficiently low for good performance?

11. Coherence analyzes how much energy the brain is
sharing between different areas. Coherence answers
the question: “How efficient is my brain’s ability to
communicate with itself?”

12. Phase measures the speed of electrical signals moving
across the brain's surface. Phase answer the question:
“Is the brain's energy moving at the optimal speed for
adequate to superior performance?

13. Topographic Brain maps answer the questions: “Are
brain frequencies and patterns appropriate for the
task?” “Are the proper brain areas engaging to yield
maximum performance?”

14. LORETA Z Scores provide 3 dimensional
perspectives of brainwave activity from deep
within the brain.

15. Tramatic Brain Injury and Severity Analysis

16. Learning Disabilities Discriminate Analysis

17. Spectrum Brain Wave Analysis examines various
frequencies and regions over time and answers the
question, “Does this brain switch to a new task in an
appropriate, easy and efficient way?”

18. Excessive slow waves with relatively deficient fast
frequencies reduce our ability to focus and pay
attention.

19. Excessive fast frequencies combined with relatively
deficient Alpha and Theta waves may increase
feelings of anxiety.

20. Unequal brain wave energy between the two sides of
the brain may restrict our ability to think clearly
and may be associated with feelings of depression.

21. Excessive coherence can produce lack of
differentiation in certain regions and could indicate
mild head injury from birth trauma or stroke.

22. QEEG
Quantitative
Electroencephalography

24. EEG characteristics are graded for performance
efficiency in four categories: Relative Power,
Asymmetry, Coherence, and Phase.

25. Topographic Brain maps answer the questions: “Are
brain frequencies and patterns appropriate for the
task?” “Are the proper brain areas engaging to yield
maximum performance?”

26. EEG characteristics are graded for performance
efficiency in four categories: Relative Power,
Asymmetry, Coherence, and Phase.

27. Asymmetry looks at voltage differences between
brain areas, and answers the question: “Are
electrical impulses in these regions excessively high
or deficiently low for good performance?

29. The magnitude (the energy of each frequency group
at the 19 electrode sites) and the relationship
between the brain's various frequencies are
calculated for efficiency.

30. The caudate nucleus as an element of
the Executive System of the Brain
• The caudate nucleus receives inputs from the
whole association cortex of the human brain

31. Specialization of cortical areas
(reading and hearing)
• The PET scan on the left shows two areas of the brain that become particularly
active when volunteers read words on a video screen: the primary visual cortex and
an additional part of the visual system, both in the back of the left hemisphere.
• Other brain regions become especially active when subjects hear words through ear-
phones, as seen in the PET scan on the right.

32. Damage to Cortical Visual
Areas

33. Occipital lobe: problems
associated to damage
• Defects in vision (Visual Field Defects, Scotomas).
• Difficulty with identifying colors (Color Agnosia).
• Production of hallucinations
• Visual illusions - inaccurately seeing objects.
• Word blindness - inability to recognize words.
• Difficulty in recognizing drawn objects.
• Inability to recognize the movement of an object (Movement
Agnosia).
• Difficulties with reading and writing.
• Damage to one side of the occipital lobe causes homonomous loss
of vision with exactly the same "field cut" in both eyes

34. Temporal lobe: problems
associated to damage
• Difficulty in recognizing faces (Prosopagnosia).
• Difficulty in understanding spoken words (Wernicke's Aphasia).
• Disturbance with selective attention to what we see and hear.
• Difficulty with identification of, and verbalization about objects.
• Short-term memory loss.
• Interference with long-term memory
• Increased or decreased interest in sexual behavior.
• Inability to catagorize objects (Catagorization).
• Right lobe damage can cause persistant talking.
• Increased aggressive behavior.

35. Frontal lobe: problems associated
to damage• Loss of simple movement of various body parts (Paralysis).
• Inability to plan a sequence of complex movements, such as making
coffee (Sequencing and Short Term Memory impairment).
• Loss of spontaneity in interacting with others (Abulia).
• Loss of flexibility in thinking, persistence of a single thought
(Perseveration).
• Imitative and utilization behavior.
• Inability to focus on task (Attending).
• Changes in social behavior, in personality, in mood (Emotionally
Labile)..
• Inability to express language (Broca's Aphasia).

36. Prefrontal cortex: functions
• Planning of behavior (including social)on the
basis of integration of sensory and verbal
information, emotions and internal state.
• Setting ideas, schemes, goals.
• Maintaining of working memory
• Inhibitory control

37. Basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical
loop
• The basal ganglia,
substantia nigra,
subthalamic nucleus are the
elements of cortico-
subcortical loop that
mediate control of sensory,
motor and cognitive
functions. This control
includes working memory
and executive functions.

38. Cortico-hippocampal loop
• This loop is implicated
in emotional
processing and
consolidation of
episodic memory.

39. Lateral Prefrontal Cortex:
Working memory
• Lateral prefrontal cortex
provides a transient buffer for
sustaining information stored in
other cortical regions. In this
example, the person is telling a
friend about her work across the
Golden gate Bridge. Long-term
memories are stored in specific
cortical areas and are activated
by the LPC.

40. Frontal cortex: inhibition
Short-latency auditory evoked potentials
reveal filtering deficits in patients with
lesions in the lateral prefrontal cortex.
Top: No change in patients with parietal
lobe lesions.
Middle: Reduction in patients with
temporo-parietal damage, reflecting the
loss of neurons in auditory cortex.
Bottom: Amplification in patients with
frontal damage, suggesting a loss of
inhibition from frontal lobe to temporal
lobe.