Xamarin is an open source app platform from Microsoft that allows developers to build high-performance, native iOS, Android, and other mobile apps using C# and .NET. It enables developers to maximize code reuse by sharing C# code across platforms while retaining full access to native platform APIs. Apps are compiled to native ARM code for high performance, while the shared code approach streamlines development. Xamarin includes features like Xamarin.Forms for cross-platform UIs and Xamarin.Essentials for accessing common device capabilities through a shared API.