1. Professional
Communication
LESSON #05
THE 8 STEPS OF
PROFESSIONAL
COMMUNICATION
BY JAIME ALFREDO CABRERA
ALBUKHARY INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
2. EIGHT STEPS
The steps of professional
communication can help in the
success of transferring a message
to the target receiver.
Missing a step can result in nondelivery of message, and therefore
in communication failure.
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
3. PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION: 8 STEPS
8
1
ELEMENTS
SENDER
17 COMPONENTS
8
NEEDING
STEPS
7
DETERMINERS
or SOURCE
RESPONDING
FEEDBACK
QUESTIONS
2
6
ENCODING
MESSAGE
DECODING
INTENDED
MEANING
RECEIVED
8
CONFIRMING
CONFIRMATION
5
RECEIVING
3
RECEIVER
MEDIUM
4
TRANSMITTING
CHANNEL
SLH1013 - Professional English
SENDING
4. PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION: 8 STEPS
8
ELEMENTS
17 COMPONENTS
8
STEPS
DETERMINERS
QUESTIONS
SLH1013 - Professional English
1
NEEDING
SENDER
or SOURCE
5. Origin of the Message
SENDER
SOURCE
Active
Passive
With intention
Repository only
Sender sends
Receiver seeks
Sender makes
Receiver finds
meaning for receiver
SLH1013 - Professional English
meaning for self
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
6. The Need to Communicate
MOTIVE
INTENTION
Hidden or implied
Clearly stated
purpose or reason
May be different
from intention
Receiver may guess
the hidden motive
purpose or reason
May be different
from motive
Receiver can
understand the
stated intention
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
7. Types of Messages
DATA
INFORMATION
Not structured
Code is structured
Needs to be
No need for
translated
Not understood by
receiver
Meaning created by
receiver
translation
Understood by
receiver
Meaning created by
sender
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
8. Step 2: ENCODING
USE SYMBOLS AND STRUCTURES TO
CREATE A MESSAGE
ENCODING, DECODING, AND SYMBOLS
2.
SYMBOLS: LETTERS, NUMBERS, CHARACTERS, AND SPACES
3. CODES:
LANGUAGE, VOCABULARY, SPELLING, GRAMMAR, PUNCTUAT
ION, AND SYNTAX
4. FORMATS:
PARTS, STRUCTURES, HIERARCHY, MARGINS, ALIGNMENT,
AND INDENTIONS
5. MEDIA: PAPER, TAPE, FILM, DATA STORAGE DEVICE
6. DETERMINERS:
SLH1013C Professional English C E P T A B I L I T Y , S T A N D A R D I Z A T I O N
- LARITY, AC
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
1.
9. PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION: 8 STEPS
8
ELEMENTS
17 COMPONENTS
8
STEPS
1
NEEDING
SENDER
or SOURCE
DETERMINERS
QUESTIONS
2
ENCODING
MESSAGE
INTENDED
SLH1013 - Professional English
10. Encoding, Decoding, and Symbols
To encode is to translate an idea into a
physical form while to decode is to
translate symbols into meaningful
ideas.
Symbols are characters that are used
to record meaning; codes refer to the
arrangement of symbols in order to
create meaning
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
11. ENCODING
The use of symbols to translate an idea or concept into physical form
Symbols
Characters
Letters
(a, Z, y)
Numbers (3, 1, 0)
Signs ($, {}, =, !)
Spaces
Codes
Spelling
Grammar
Syntax
Punctuation
Spacing
Indention
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
12. CODES
Language – Formal, informal
Vocabulary - Academic, technical, business
Spelling – The arrangement of letters to form
words that have meaning.
Grammar - The arrangement of words to form
sentences that have meaning.
Syntax - The correct arrangement of words to
create well-formed sentences.
Punctuation – Signs and conventions to
start, end, pause, join, separate, or identify
ideas.
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
13. FORMATTING
THE FORMAT OF A FORMAL LETTER
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
14. FORMATS
To format is to arrange symbols in codes in
order to clarify or emphasize meaning.
Formats are conventions that guide the
arrangement of the parts of a message; the
purpose is to clarify or point out meaning in
a message.
The use of professional formats indicate
the sender’s level of education.
Lesson Connection: 02-1 The Structure of a Formal Letter
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
16. SPACE
Space – The space between each word
or symbol
Spacing – The space between each
paragraph
Margins – The space between text and
edge of paper, along each side of the
paper
Lesson Connection: 02-2 Spaces in Formal Documents
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
18. INDENTION
Indention – The number of
spaces between the margin and
the first line of the paragraph
Lesson Connection: 02-3 Indention & Alignment in Formal Documents
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
20. FONTS
1.
UPPERCASE – to indicate
•
•
The start of an idea
Acronyms (USA, CC, BCC)
Lowercase
3. Italics – for emphasis
4. Underscored or underlined – for medium
emphasis
5. Bold or boldface – for strong emphasis
2.
Lesson Connection: 02-4 Font Case in the Memorandum
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
21. FONTS
Font = the type of letters & symbols
1. Serif = fonts with curls at the end
Georgia, Times New Roman
2.
Sans Serif = fonts with no curls at the
end
Arial, Tahoma, Calibri
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
22. RECOMMENDATIONS
Serif fonts
Use in formal letters or emails
Sans-serif fonts
Use in informal letters or emails
Use in electronic presentations
for faster visual processing
for a design with a cleaner look
Lesson Connection: 02-5 Fonts in the Letterhead
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
23. Step 3: RECORDING
ENCODING, DECODING, AND SYMBOLS
USE A MEDIUM TO RECORD AND
2.
SYMBOLS: LETTERS, NUMBERS, CHARACTERS, AND
PRESERVE A MESSAGE
SPACES
3. CODES:
LANGUAGE, VOCABULARY, SPELLING, GRAMMAR, PUN
CTUATION, AND SYNTAX
4. FORMATS:
PARTS, STRUCTURES, HIERARCHY, MARGINS, ALIGNM
ENT, AND INDENTIONS
5. MEDIA: PAPER, TAPE, FILM, DATA STORAGE DEVICE
6. DETERMINERS:
CLARITY, ACCEPTABILITY, STANDARDIZATION
7. DETERMINERS: SPOKEN, PERFORMED OR
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
ENACTED, LIVE OR RECORDED
1.
24. PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION: 8 STEPS
8
ELEMENTS
17 COMPONENTS
8
STEPS
1
NEEDING
SENDER
or SOURCE
DETERMINERS
QUESTIONS
2
ENCODING
MESSAGE
INTENDED
3
RECORDING
MEDIUM
SLH1013 - Professional English
25. CHANNEL, MEDIUM, and MEDIA
Media are materials that can be use to
record symbols or technology that can be
used to transmit messages. The word
medium is singular; media is plural
A channel is a person, procedure, or
technology that can be used to move a
message from Point A to Point B.
Person:
secretary, messenger, assistant
Procedure: application procedure
Technology: email, telephone, electronic
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
26. Print, Audio, & Electronic media
Media can refer to technology for recording
and/or for transmitting messages.
Print media refers to
books, magazines, and newspapers.
Audio or sound media refers to radio
stations, telephones, sound recorders and
players
Electronic media refers to electronic
mail, SMS (short message service), and
phone calls via computer (i.e., Skype)
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
27. MEDIA & TECHNOLOGY (1)
Media are materials where symbols
can be recorded
Medium is singular while media is
plural.
Paper, for instance, is a medium that
can be used for recording as well as a
technology for transmitting messages.
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
28. EXAMPLES OF MEDIA
1. Paper – uses ink on paper to record
ideas
2. Tape– records sound on sound tapes
3. Film - records
motion, lights, shadows, and sound on
video tape or movie film
4. Data storage device – records
data, information, or multimedia in
digital format on flash drives (USBs)
or disk drives.
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
29. MEDIA & TECHNOLOGY (2)
Technology refers to any human
invention that can be used for any
practical purpose.
Another meaning of media: a
technology or a tool for transmitting or
recording messages.
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
30. EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGY
1. Ink –to record ideas
2. Pencil – to record ideas
3. Microphone – to record ideas
4. Keyboard – to record ideas
5. Loudspeaker – to transmit ideas
6. Telephone wire – to transmit ideas
7. Computer screen – to show ideas
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
31. One More Time...
Technology: any tool that is invented for a
specific use or uses
Media (Sense 1): a tool to record (input)
structured/arranged symbols.
Media (Sense 2): a tool to transmit (send)
messages.
Media (Sense 3): a tool to record
(preserve) structured/arranged symbols.
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
32. Step 4: TRANSMITTING
ENCODING, DECODING, AND SYMBOLS
USE A CHANNEL TO TRANSMIT A
2.
SYMBOLS: LETTERS, NUMBERS, CHARACTERS, AND
MESSAGE
SPACES
3. CODES:
LANGUAGE, VOCABULARY, SPELLING, GRAMMAR, PUN
CTUATION, AND SYNTAX
4. FORMATS:
PARTS, STRUCTURES, HIERARCHY, MARGINS, ALIGNM
ENT, AND INDENTIONS
5. MEDIA: PAPER, TAPE, FILM, DATA STORAGE DEVICE
6. DETERMINERS:
CLARITY, ACCEPTABILITY, STANDARDIZATION
7. DETERMINERS: SPOKEN, PERFORMED OR
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
ENACTED, LIVE OR RECORDED
1.
33. PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION: 8 STEPS
8
1
ELEMENTS
17 COMPONENTS
8
NEEDING
SENDER
or SOURCE
STEPS
DETERMINERS
QUESTIONS
2
ENCODING
MESSAGE
INTENDED
3
RECORDING
MEDIUM
4
TRANSMITTING
CHANNEL
SLH1013 - Professional English
34. SEND, TRANSMIT, and TRANSFER
To send is to move a message in physical
format (letter, roll of film, or photos) from
Point A to Point B.
To transmit is to move a message in
electronic (email, SMS) or sound (voice
tape, voice mail) format from Point A to
Point B.
To transfer is to move meaning or skill from
sender to receiver.
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
35. Types of Transmission
Intrapersonal Communication– when a
person communicates with the self.
Interpersonal Communication– when a
person communicates with a very small
group.
Public Communication - when a person
communicates with a larger group.
Mass Communication - when a person
communicates with an extremely large group
whose members are located in various
places.
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
36. Determiners of Transmission
Physical Form
Printed
messages may be more secure than
electronic or voice messages.
However, electronic messages can be
transmitted faster and cheaper than print
messages.
Electronic Form
Electronic
and voice messages can be
transmitted faster than printed messages.
However, anyone with the appropriate skills
can access any electronic message.
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
37. Speed and Timeliness
Speed of Delivery – When a message
is time-sensitive, delayed delivery can
result in communication failure.
Timeliness or timing – When a
message arrives at a time when it
brings the answer to a receiver’s
need, then it is timely. When a
message comes at a time when it is not
needed, that is bad or poor timing.
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
38. Confirmation and Content Fidelity
Confirmation of Delivery – When
delivery is confirmed by the receiver or
a representative, it serves as proof of
delivery, although not of decoding by
the target receiver.
Fidelity of Content – When the delivery
process does not affect the
message, then content fidelity is
preserved.
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
39. Security and Confidentiality
Security of Content – When the message
is delivered to the target receiver without
being seen by non-target receivers, then
the delivery is secure.
Confidentiality – When unwelcome effects
can result from non-target receivers who
see the message content, then the
message should be kept confidential. (See
security.)
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
40. Step 5: RECEIVE
ENCODING, DECODING, AND SYMBOLS
RECEIVE (OR NOT) A MESSAGE
2.
SYMBOLS: LETTERS, NUMBERS, CHARACTERS, AND
SPACES
3. CODES:
LANGUAGE, VOCABULARY, SPELLING, GRAMMAR, PUN
CTUATION, AND SYNTAX
4. FORMATS:
PARTS, STRUCTURES, HIERARCHY, MARGINS, ALIGNM
ENT, AND INDENTIONS
5. MEDIA: PAPER, TAPE, FILM, DATA STORAGE DEVICE
6. DETERMINERS:
CLARITY, ACCEPTABILITY, STANDARDIZATION
7. DETERMINERS: SPOKEN, PERFORMED OR
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
ENACTED, LIVE OR RECORDED
1.
41. PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION: 8 STEPS
8
1
ELEMENTS
17 COMPONENTS
8
NEEDING
SENDER
or SOURCE
STEPS
DETERMINERS
QUESTIONS
2
ENCODING
MESSAGE
INTENDED
5
RECEIVING
3
RECEIVER
MEDIUM
4
TRANSMITTING
CHANNEL
SLH1013 - Professional English
SENDING
42. Target and Non-target Receivers
A target receiver is the person or group
that the sender expects to see the
message.
A non-target receiver is any person or
group that the sender does not expect
to see the message.
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
43. Determiners of Receiver Access
Availability
A receiver may be present but too busy to receive
a printed message, or to answer a phone or an
email.
A receiver’s phone or computer may be
connected, but the receiver is not available for
communication.
Connectivity
A receiver’s phone may be unreachable or the
receiver’s computer may not be connected.
• A professional communicator anticipates such
problems to ensure successful message transfer. 29, 2013
Tuesday, October
SLH1013 - Professional English
44. Step 6: DECODING
ENCODING, DECODING, AND SYMBOLS
UNDERSTAND THE MEANING OF A
2.
SYMBOLS: LETTERS, NUMBERS, CHARACTERS, AND
MESSAGE
SPACES
3. CODES:
LANGUAGE, VOCABULARY, SPELLING, GRAMMAR, PUN
CTUATION, AND SYNTAX
4. FORMATS:
PARTS, STRUCTURES, HIERARCHY, MARGINS, ALIGNM
ENT, AND INDENTIONS
5. MEDIA: PAPER, TAPE, FILM, DATA STORAGE DEVICE
6. DETERMINERS:
CLARITY, ACCEPTABILITY, STANDARDIZATION
7. DETERMINERS: SPOKEN, PERFORMED OR
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
ENACTED, LIVE OR RECORDED
1.
45. PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION: 8 STEPS
8
1
ELEMENTS
17 COMPONENTS
8
NEEDING
SENDER
or SOURCE
STEPS
DETERMINERS
QUESTIONS
2
6
ENCODING
MESSAGE
DECODING
INTENDED
MEANING
RECEIVED
5
RECEIVING
3
RECEIVER
MEDIUM
4
TRANSMITTING
CHANNEL
SLH1013 - Professional English
SENDING
46. RECEIVE and DECODE
To receive is to
take, accept, experience
(read, hear, see) or welcome
something.
To decode is to create meaning by
translating a set of symbols in codes.
In formal communication, the next step
is to find relevance by relating to
personal needs or context.
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
47. Message VS Meaning
Message – A message is a set symbols
that is arranged into a code to record
meaning on a medium.
Medium – A medium is used to carry
meaning from sender to receiver
Meaning – The sense (ideas that are
revealed) when the code is decoded
(understood) by the receiver
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
48. Text, Subtext, and Context
Text – are the words that are used to
create meaning.
Subtext – are meanings that are not
stated but are implied enough to be
understood by the reader.
Context – are elements around that
affect any element of communication.
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
49. Noise
Noise – in communication, noise is anything
that interferes with the transfer of information.
Intervening variable –any noise that is not
deliberate. It can be distracting element in a
context. Example: the speaker’s nationality
prevents listeners from believing his speech.
Interference – any noise that is deliberately
created to stop the transfer of information.
Example: A boy sings loudly so that his sister
cannot hear the radio.
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
50. The Decoding Process
Encode – to use symbols to record
meaning
Decode – to translate symbols in order to
create meaning
– to change from one code
(language) to another
Create meaning – to understand
Translate
Find relevance – to relate the meaning of a
message to the needs of the receiver
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
51. Decoding Speed
Decoding – means understanding or making
sense of a code
Perceived need – Decoding a message is
faster when the decoder sees a strong need
to do so
Perceived importance – Decoding a message
is faster when the decoder sees the message
as of high importance
Perceived urgency – Decoding a message is
faster when the decoder sees the message
as of high urgency
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
52. Step 7: RESPONDING
GIVE FEEDBACK TO THE SENDER OF THE
MESSAGE
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
53. PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION: 8 STEPS
8
1
ELEMENTS
17 COMPONENTS
8
NEEDING
SENDER
STEPS
7
DETERMINERS
or SOURCE
RESPONDING
FEEDBACK
QUESTIONS
2
6
ENCODING
MESSAGE
DECODING
INTENDED
MEANING
RECEIVED
5
RECEIVING
3
RECEIVER
MEDIUM
4
TRANSMITTING
CHANNEL
SLH1013 - Professional English
SENDING
54. Response Speed
The speed of a response depends on
The
time required to decode the message
The receiver’s perception of urgency or nonurgency of the message
The receiver’s perception of importance or
non-importance of the message
The receiver’s perception of need or nonneed to respond to the message
The receiver’s ability to quickly respond to the
message
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
55. Response and Feedback
Response
Feedback
A response is any
A feedback is a
reaction to a
message
This may be verbal
or nonverbal
This may or may not
be expressed
verbal response to
the sender, related
to specific elements
in the message.
This may be spoken
or written
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
56. Step 8: CONFIRMING
REACTING TO FEEDBACK:
AGREEMENT
REPETITION
CORRECTION
ANSWERING A QUERY
PROVIDING DETAILS
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
57. How to Confirm
Answer a query – That will be tonight at
eleven p.m.
Repeat the information – Yes, the shoes
are red, size 34.
Agree to a response – Yes, you are right;
the president will attend.
Correct a response – The dress code is
casual, not formal.
Provide details – Aside from that, all guests
are free to use the mall facilities.
SLH1013 - Professional English
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
58. PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION: 8 STEPS
8
1
ELEMENTS
17 COMPONENTS
8
NEEDING
SENDER
STEPS
7
DETERMINERS
or SOURCE
RESPONDING
FEEDBACK
QUESTIONS
2
6
ENCODING
MESSAGE
DECODING
INTENDED
MEANING
RECEIVED
8
CONFIRMING
CONFIRMATION
5
RECEIVING
3
RECEIVER
MEDIUM
4
TRANSMITTING
CHANNEL
SLH1013 - Professional English
SENDING
Missing a step can result in ___ of a message. Non-delivery Delivery Decoding Sending Feedback
Motive can be guessed while intention can be ___. Understood Implied Suspected Verified Broadcasted
In data, meaning is created by the ___. Receiver Sender Message Medium Feedback ConfirmationA quotation mark is a ___. Symbol Structure Medium Feedback Confirmation
To encode is to translate an idea into a __ form. Physical Permanent Understandable Portable RealTo decode is to translate symbols into ___ ideas. Meaningful Innovative Colorful Memorable Profitable
Spaces in a sentence are ___. Symbols Codes Punctuation Grammar Spacing IndentionIndentions in a paragraph are ___. Codes Symbols Punctuation Grammar Spacing IndentionLetters in a word are ___. Symbols Codes Punctuation Grammar Spacing IndentionWhen a writer puts down words on paper, that is ___. Encoding Spelling Grammar Characters Symbols SyntaxWhen a painter draws figures on paper, that is encoding. True FalseWhen a sculptor carvers a block of marble into a statute, that is encoding. True FalseWhen a person cries because of a song, that is decoding. True FalseWhen a persons creates a cake from a recipe book, that is decoding. True FalseWhen a man feels extreme job after a woman gives him a look, that is decoding. True FalseWhen a student memorizes and recites a group of words, that is decoding. True False
When letters are arranged into groups that have meaning, that is called ___. Spelling Language Vocabulary Grammar Syntax Punctuation When words are arranged correctly into meaningful groups, that is called ___. Grammar Spelling Language Vocabulary Syntax Punctuation When words are arranged correctly into well-formed sentences, that is called ___. Syntax Grammar Spelling Language Vocabulary Punctuation Signs that start and end ideas are called ___. Punctuation Syntax Grammar Spelling Language VocabularyConventions that pause join or separate ideas are called ___. Punctuation Syntax Grammar Spelling Language Vocabulary
To arrange symbols in codes to clarify meaning is called ___. Format Message Encoding Explanation Clarification EducationTo arrange symbols in codes to emphasizemeaning is called ___. Format Message Encoding Explanation Clarification EducationTo use of formats can indicate the sender’s level of ___. Education Encoding Explanation Clarification Communication
Fonts in italics are angled or lean towards the right. True False Fonts in italics are angled or lean towards the left. True False Fonts in italics are angled or lean towards the top. True False Fonts in boldface use thicker lines than other fonts. True False Fonts in boldface use blacker lines than other fonts. True False Lowercase fonts are also known as capital letters. True FalseItalics are used for ___. Emphasis Convention Explanation Syntax ClarificationAcronyms and abbreviations are ___. Similar The same Different To start a sentence, the first letter is in ___. Uppercase Lowercase Italics Boldface UnderscoredTo start a new idea in a paragraph, the first letter used is in ___. Uppercase Lowercase Italics Boldface Underscored
Due to the absence of end-curls, a/an __ font has a simpler design. Sans serif Serif Italics Boldface Uppercase Lowercase UnderscoredDue to the presence of end-curls, a/an __ font is easier for the eyes to recognize. Serif Sans serif Italics Boldface Uppercase Lowercase Underscored
Due to the presence of end-curls, the use of __ fonts are recommended in formal documents. Serif Sans serif Italics Boldface Uppercase Lowercase UnderscoredDue to the presence of end-curls, the use of __ fonts are recommended in business emails. Serif Sans serif Italics Boldface Uppercase Lowercase UnderscoredDue to the presence of end-curls, the use of __ fonts are recommended in formal wedding invitations. Serif Sans serif Italics Boldface Uppercase Lowercase UnderscoredDue to the absence of end-curls, the use of __ fonts are recommended in informal invitations. Sans serif Serif Italics Boldface Uppercase Lowercase UnderscoredWhen you want your message to be read fast by a target receiver, you use ___ letters. Sans serif Serif Italics Boldface Uppercase Lowercase UnderscoredWhen your message should be read a bit slower, you use ___ letters. Sans serif Serif Italics Boldface Uppercase Lowercase UnderscoredWhen writing a long message with a complicated or deep meaning, you use ___ letters. Sans serif Serif Italics Boldface Uppercase Lowercase UnderscoredWhen writing a long message with a simple or unimportant meaning, you use ___ letters. Sans serif Serif Italics Boldface Uppercase Lowercase UnderscoredFor fast or quick presentations, the use of ___ fonts may be best. Sans serif Serif Italics Boldface Uppercase Lowercase UnderscoredFor a slow, serious presentation, the use of ___ fonts may be best. Sans serif Serif Italics Boldface Uppercase Lowercase Underscored
A person, a process, or a tool that can be used to move a message from one point to another point is a ___. Channel Technology Procedure Media MediumMaterials that can be used to record symbols are called ___. Media Medium Channel Technology ProcedureA material that can be used to record symbols is called a/an ___. Medium Media Channel Technology ProcedureTechnologies that can be used to send messages are called ___. Media Medium Channel Technology ProcedureA tool that can be used to send messages is is called a/an ___. Medium Media Channel Technology Procedure
Paper, tape, film, and USBs can be considered as technology. True FalsePaper, tape, film, and USBs can be considered as media. True FalseColored ink can be considered as media. True FalseTo ___ is to send a message from one point to another. Transmit Transfer Move Copy Fax Input Paper can be considered as media because it ___ messages. Records/preserves Transmits/Sends Records/Input Creates/InventsA pencil can be considered as technology because it ___ messages. Records/Inputs Records/Preserves Transmits/Sends Creates/Invents
To send a message is to move an idea in __ form. Physical Electronic Any Personal TechnologicalTo transfer knowledgeis to move an idea in __ form from sender to receiver. Physical Electronic Any Personal Technological
Mass Communication is when one communicates with ___. A huge, dispersed group A large group A small group One’s own self Another personIntrapersonal Communication is when one communicates with ___. One’s own self A huge, dispersed group A large group A small group Another personPublic Communication is when one communicates with ___. A large group One’s own self A huge, dispersed group A small group Another personInterpersonal Communication is when one communicates with ___. (two answers) A small group Another person One’s own self A huge, dispersed group A large group
An idea that arrives when it is not needed is not considered ___. Timely Appropriate Useful Important Relevant Coincidental
When the delivery process affects the message, then content fidelity is ___. Compromised Preserved Integrated Mitigated Proven ConfirmedWhen a message is unchanged by its delivery process, then content fidelity is ___. Preserved Integrated Mitigated Proven Confirmed Compromised When delivery of a message is confirmed, the confirmation serves as proof of delivery. True FalseWhen a message is confirmed as delivered, it proves that the message is understood by the receiver. True False
Delivery of a message can be considered as secure when the contents are accessed only by ___. The target receiver(s) Any receiver(s) Non-target receiver(s) The Messenger The MediumA message must remain ___ if it can create negative effects. Confidential Secure Confirmed Delivered Decoded Encoded
The entity that is expected by the sender to access a message is the ___. Target receiver Receiver Non-target receiver Medium Transmitter VariableAn entity that is not expected by the sender to access a message is the ___. Target receiver Receiver Non-target receiver Medium Transmitter Variable
Receivers are accessed by senders depending on each receiver’s __ and __. Availability Connectivity Willingness Professionalism Work EthicA target receiver who is physically present can always receive a message. True FalseA target receiver with a phone or laptop can always receive a message. True False
To “receive” is to experience something. True FalseTo “receive” is to accept something. True FalseTo “receive” is to take something. True FalseTo “receive” is to welcome someone or something. True FalseTo “decode” is to accept someone or something. True FalseTo “decode” is to accept translate something. True FalseTo “receive” is to create meaning from something. True FalseTo “receive” is to relate a message to one’s personal needs. True FalseTo “decode” is to relate a message to one’s personal situation. True False
The sense or ideas that are understood by the receiver is the ___. Meaning Message Medium Code Technology IntentionA/an ___ is used to carry meaning from sender to receiver. Medium Confirmation Message Code Technology IntentionA/an___ is created by arranging symbols according to a code that is understood by sender & receiver. Message Medium Confirmation Code Technology Intention
Subtext are not stated but implied. True or FalseThe meaning in text can be easier to understand than the meaning in subtext. True False___ refers to situation, environment, or surroundings. Context Text Subtext Pretext Receiver Transmission___ refers to written signs or symbols. Context Text Subtext Pretext Receiver Transmission___ refers to meaning that is not directly or explicitly expressed. Context Text Subtext Pretext Receiver Transmission
Anything that affects the transfer of communication is called ___. Noise Media Meaning Technology Intervening variable InterferenceAnything that deliberately affects the transfer of communication is called ___. Interference Noise Media Meaning Technology Intervening variableAnything that accidentally affects the transfer of communication is called ___. Intervening variable Interference Noise Media Meaning TechnologyNoise can be any intervening variable or interference. True FalseNoise can be any intervening variable but not an interference. True FalseNoise can be any interference but not an intervening variable. True False
The feelings of a sender can be a type of noise that affects the meaning in a message. True FalseThe feelings of a receiver can be a type of noise that affects the meaning in a message. True FalseThe feelings of a human transmitter can be a type of noise that affects the meaning in a message. True False
The speed of decoding a message can be affected by the receiver’s need. True FalseThe speed of encoding a message can be affected by the receiver’s need. True FalseThe speed of decoding a message can be affected by the sender’s need. True FalseThe speed of encoding a message can be affected by the sender’s importance. True FalseThe speed of decoding a message can depend on the ___. Receiver Sender Medium Message Symbols Codes The speed of encoding a message can depend on the ___. Sender Receiver Medium Message Symbols Codes
A reaction to a message that is not expressed is not a response. True FalseA verbal response that is related to the message is called feedback. True FalseResponse or feedback can be verbal or non-verbal. True False
Adding details is one way of confirming a response or message. True FalseRepeating information is one way of confirming the response or message. True FalseSilence is one way of responding to a message. True False