This ppt give an idea about what metamaterial is? how are they formed? and introduces to the techniques to analyze them. A few applications of metamaterials are also mentioned.

1. Introduction to Metamaterials
By
Jagadish. M,
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of ECE,
PES Institute of Technology and Management,
Shivamogga

2. Introduction
• Metamaterials (MTMs) are artificial structures
designed to have properties not available in nature [1]
• They are build from periodically arranged unit cells
which carries small metallic resonators which interact
with external electromagnetic wave.
• The manner in which these external electromagnetic
waves interact with these metallic “meta-atoms” of a
metamaterial determines medium’s electromagnetic
properties which may be made to enter highly unusual
regimes-such as one where electromagnetic permittivity
and magnetic permeability become simultaneously
negative.

3. Introduction contd..
• The response of a metamaterial to an incident
electromagnetic wave can be classified by
assigning to it an effective permittivity
and effective permeability
• Such an assignment requires that the unit cell
of metamaterials be much smaller than
wavelength
rreff  0
rreff  0


4. Metamaterials with negative
effective permittivity in the
microwave regime
• Metals at optical frequencies are characterized by an electric
permittivity that varies with frequency according to Drude’s relation
• is the plasma frequency
• N, e, m being the electron density, charge and mass
• is the rate at which the amplitude of plasma oscillation
decreases.
• When the medium is characterized by
negative electric permittivity.


5. Metamaterials with negative
effective permeability in the
microwave regime
• The radius of the ring is r, and the
whole arrangement is assumed to be
immersed in air
• The split ring resonator is equivalent
to simple RLC circuit, R being the
resistance of the metallic ring L its
inductance and C the capacitance
between its unconnected ends
• The effective magnetic permeability
with this medium is given by (1)
• We can see that assumes negative
values in the range (2)
..1
..2


6. Techniques to examine
electromagnetic properties of MTMs
Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) technique [2]
Field averaging approach[3-4]
Curve-fitting approach [5]
Dispersion equation method [6]

7. Applications of MTMs
• Enhance radiation pattern and matching
properties of antennas [7]
• Reduce mutual coupling between antenna
elements in array and reduce its size [8]
Metamaterial
as antenna
• The electromagnetic black hole was built
using MTMs [9]
Metamaterial
as cloaks

8. References
1. M.Lapine and S. Tretyakov, Contemporary notes on metamaterials, IET Microw. Antenna &
Propagation1:3-11(2007)
2. D. R. Smith, D. C. Vier, N. Kroll, and S. Schultz, “Direct Calculation of Permeability and
Permittivity for a Left-Handed Metamaterial,” Applied Physics Letters, 2000, 2246.
3. J. Lerat, N. Malléjac, and O. Acher, “Determination of the Effective Parameters of a Metamaterial by
Field Summation Method,” Journal of Applied Physics, 2006, 084908.
4. A. Pors, I. Tsukerman, and S. I. Bozhevolnyi, “Effective Constitutive Parameters of Plasmonic
Metamaterials: Homogenization by Dual Field Interpolation,” Physical Review E, 84, July, 2006, pp.
084908 (1-9).
5. G. Lubowski, R. Schuman, ad T. Weiland, “Extraction of Effective Metamaterial Parameters by
Parameter Fitting of Dispersive Models,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2007,
pp. 285-288.
6. R. A. Shore and A. Yaghjian, “Traveling Waves on Two and Three Dimensional Periodic Arrays of
Lossless Scatterers,” Radio Science, 42, 2007, RS6S21, doi:10.1029/2007RS003647.
7. K. Gi-Cho, et al., "Ku-band high efficiency antenna with corporateseries- fed microstrip array," in
Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2003. IEEE, 2003, pp. 690-693 vol.4.
8. Jagadish M, T Ramya, Pradeep A S . " Design and Performance Analysis of Compact MIMO
Antenna by Mutual Coupling Suppression between Elements ", Vol. 3 - Issue 12 (December - 2014),
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) , ISSN: 2278-0181 ,
www.ijert.org
9. Qiang Chang, Tie Jun Cui, Wei Xiang Jiang and Ben Geng Cai, “An omnidirectional
electromagnetic absorbermade of metamaterials”, New Journal of physics, 2010.