What is packet? What is protocol? what is TCP/IP ? Explain FTP (File Transfer Protocol).

1. Network Protocol
AND Network
Routing
Assi.Prof. sejal Jadav

2. What is packet?
● Definition: A packet is one unit of binary data
capable of being routed through a computer
network.
To improve communication performance and
reliability(trustable), each message sent between
two network devices is often subdivided into
packets by the underlying hardware and software.
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3. ● Packets are constructed in some standard packet
format.
● Packets and datagram are similar.
● Packets have following things:
● Header: contains source and destination address
● Data: original data which we want to transmitted.
● Trailer: it marks the end of the packet and also
contains error checking.
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5. Q. What is protocol?

6. ● Q. What is protocol?
● A network protocol defines rules and
conventions for communication between
network devices.
● A protocol is a set of rules to given the data
transfer between the devices.
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7. ● The rules are used for the following purposes.
1. For compressing the data.
2. For sending device to indicate that it has finished
sending a message.
3. For receiving device to indicate that it has received a
message.
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8. ● There are different types of Protocol such as:
●
1. Transmission control Protocol (TCP)
2. Internet Protocol (IP)
3. Internet Address Protocol (IP Address)
4. Post office Protocol (POP)
5. Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP)
6. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
7. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
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9. ● Q: Give the types of protocol.
● Protocols are divided into two categories
based on their use of connections:
1) Connection-Oriented Protocols:
2) Connectionless Protocols:
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10. 1) Connection-Oriented Protocols:
● These protocols require that a logical connection be
established between two devices before transferring
data.
● Usually one device begins by sending a request to
open a connection, and the other responds. They pass
control information to determine if and how the
connection should be set up.
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11. ● If this is successful, data is sent between the
devices. When they are finished, the
connection is broken.
● Connection-oriented communication is more
reliable(trustable) then connectionless
communication
● Example : TCP
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12. ● Q: Explain TCP
● The Transmission Control Protocol(TCP) is an
internetwork connection-oriented protocol that
corresponds to the OSI Transport layer.
● TCP provides full-duplex, end-to-end connections.
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14. ● TCP maintains a logical connection between the
sending and receiving computer systems.
In this way, the integrity(error free ) of the
transmission is maintained.
● TCP detects any problems in the transmission
quickly and takes action to correct them.
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15. 2) Connectionless Protocols:
● These protocols do not establish a connection
between devices. As soon as a device has data
to send to another, it just sends it.
● Communication is not reliable.
● Example: UDP
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16. ● Q: Explain UDP.
● The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is one of the core
members of the Internet protocol suite.
● The protocol was designed by David P. Reed in 1980
and formally defined in RFC 768.
● Note: Postel [page 1] 28 Aug 1980 User Datagram Protocol RFC 768 Fields Destination Port
has a meaning within the context of a particular internet destination address.
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17. Internet protocol suite...
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18. David P. Reed (American computer scientist)
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19. ● There is no guarantee of delivery, ordering, or
duplicate protection.
● UDP provides checksums for data integrity (error
free), and numbers for addressing different
functions at the source and destination of the
datagram(Packet).
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20. Q- what is TCP/IP ?...
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21. ● Note: Remote System ?
● Remote computers can be quite handy in certain scenarios.
● They can be helpful when a user forgot some of his/her files in
their home or office computer and wants to access and retrieve
them even though it is no longer physically possible.
● They can also be very useful in business environments, when
holding conferences and computer maintenance or assistance.
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22. Q. Explain FTP (File
Transfer Protocol).

23. ● Q. Explain FTP (File Transfer Protocol).
● FTP is built on a client-server architecture and
uses separate control and data connections
between the client and the server
● FTP is standard internet protocol used to
exchange files between computers on internet.
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24. ● FTP is an application protocol that uses the internet’s
TCP/IP protocols.
● FTP is commonly used for transfer web pages files
from their creator to the server.
● FTP is also used to download web pages.
● Using FTP user can update, delete, rename, move,
copy file at server.
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25. ● FTP Commands
1) ? : information about the FTP commands.
2) ASCII: Set the file transfer mode to ASCII (Note: this
is the default and transmits seven bits per byte).
3) Binary: Set the file transfer mode to binary (Note:
the binary mode transfers all eight bits per byte and
must be used to transfer non-ASCII files).
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26. ● CD: Change directory on the remote system.
● Close: Terminate a session with another system.
● Delete: Delete (Remove) a file in the current
directory.
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27. ● Dir: List all the content of the directory.
● Get: Copy a file from the remote system to the local
system.
● Help: Request a list of all available FTP commands.
This command does not require a connection to a
remote system
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28. ● Mkdir: Make a new directory within the current
remote directory.
● Open: Open a connection with another system.
● Quit: Exit FTP environment. This command does not
require a connection to a remote system.
● Rmdir: Remove a directory in the current directory.
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