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Use the following information as a
proper reference in speech:
Steven Johnson
2010
Book: Where Good Ideas Come From
“There are particular moments in
history that have been particularly
innovative.”
Why is the
evolution of the
internet from 1995
to 2010 so
remarkable?
Do most inventors
conduct solitary
work?
What are the core
elements of
education? What
are the core
elements of a
happy life?
5. RReeffeerreenncceess iinn SSppeeeecchheess
Common reference formats:
1.Date + format of evidence + author’s name + evidence/quote
o In a 1986 speech, John Polayni said, “Human dignity is better served by
embracing knowledge.”
2. Author’s name + position/job title+ date +evidence/quote
o Stuart Kauffman, author of the book Investigations, which was published in
2010, wrote that creating new inventions is still very important in the
modern world.
3.According to + date+ format of evidence + title + author + fact/statistic.
o According to a 2010 book entitled Investigations, by Stuart Kauffman,
roughly 18,000 new inventions are developed every day.
Hint* If there are more than two authors, say “author 1 et al.” (According to
Polayni et al…)
10. PPeerrssuuaassiivvee tteecchhnniiqquueess
Techniques Teachers in the U.S. should earn more money.
Start with the problem: Education in America is dealing with a big problem:
teachers are working many hours for little pay.
Motivate with emotional
appeals:
In order for your children to succeed and become
happy productive members of society, they need to
have the best teachers.
Talk about similar
experiences:
When companies increase the pay of their workers,
productivity increases.
Critique the alternatives: Teachers work hours beyond the classroom lesson. If
we don’t compensate them for this work, they will
become burnt out and leave their jobs.
Point to the future: The field of education will improve all around when
its teachers receive the salary they deserve.
Ask for a commitment: Talk to your local government and demand better
pay for your children’s educators!